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收稿日期:2025-06-05
作者简介:沈敏(1955—),女,研究员,博士研究生导师,主要从事法医毒物分析研究;E-mail:shenm@ssfjd.cn
Received:2025-06-05
摘要:
提升法医毒物鉴定的结果可靠性、信息充分性以及证据可采性是法医毒物学的学科属性、科技属性和证据属性的必然要求。本文以证据可靠性为视角,以国内外文献为视野,综述该主题的研究进展和专家共识,提出以实施系统毒物分析策略提升鉴定结果的可靠性,以挖掘多维信息强化结果信息的充分性,以解释性意见保障鉴定证据的可采性,以期得到同行的关注和思考,从一个侧面推动法医毒物学的发展。
中图分类号:
沈敏. 证据可靠性视角下的法医毒物学实践与思考[J]. 法医学杂志, DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.350602.
Min SHEN. Practice and Reflection on Forensic Toxicology from the Perspective of Evidence Reliability[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.350602.
| 生物基质 | 信息特征 |
|---|---|
| 血液 | 提供近期摄毒摄药信息;反映毒药物作用程度;心血存在死后再分布 |
| 尿液 | 含原体和代谢物;毒药物浓度高;检测窗较宽 |
| 肝、肾等组织 | 含原体和代谢物;毒药物浓度高;检测窗较宽;反映毒药物作用程度 |
| 胆汁 | 含原体和代谢物;毒药物浓度高;检测窗较宽 |
| 玻璃体液 | 与血液毒药物浓度具有一定的相关性;受死后再分布和尸体腐败影响小 |
| 唾液 | 提供近期摄毒摄药信息;与血液毒药物浓度具有一定的相关性 |
| 头发 | 检测窗宽(月至年);反映摄毒摄药史;可应用于特殊尸体(干尸或腐败尸体) |
表1 不同生物基质的信息特征
Tab. 1 The information characteristics of different biological matrices
| 生物基质 | 信息特征 |
|---|---|
| 血液 | 提供近期摄毒摄药信息;反映毒药物作用程度;心血存在死后再分布 |
| 尿液 | 含原体和代谢物;毒药物浓度高;检测窗较宽 |
| 肝、肾等组织 | 含原体和代谢物;毒药物浓度高;检测窗较宽;反映毒药物作用程度 |
| 胆汁 | 含原体和代谢物;毒药物浓度高;检测窗较宽 |
| 玻璃体液 | 与血液毒药物浓度具有一定的相关性;受死后再分布和尸体腐败影响小 |
| 唾液 | 提供近期摄毒摄药信息;与血液毒药物浓度具有一定的相关性 |
| 头发 | 检测窗宽(月至年);反映摄毒摄药史;可应用于特殊尸体(干尸或腐败尸体) |
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