Objective To screen biomarkers for forensic identification of acute myocardial infarction （AMI） by non-targeted metabolomic studies on changes of urine metabolites in rats with AMI. Methods The rat models of the sham surgery group, AMI group and hyperlipidemia + acute myocardial infarction （HAMI） group were established. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS） was used to analyze the changes of urine metabolic spectrometry in AMI rats. Principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis were used to screen differential metabolites. The MetaboAnalyst database was used to analyze the metabolic pathway enrichment and access the predictive ability of differential metabolites. Results A total of 40 and 61 differential metabolites associated with AMI and HAMI were screened, respectively. Among them, 22 metabolites were common in both rat models. These small metabolites were mainly concentrated in the niacin and nicotinamide metabolic pathways. Within the 95% confidence interval, the area under the curve （AUC） values of receiver operator characteristic curve for N8-acetylspermidine, 3-methylhistamine, and thymine were greater than 0.95. Conclusion N8-acetylspermidine, 3-methylhistamine, and thymine can be used as potential biomarkers for AMI diagnosis, and abnormal metabolism in niacin and nicotinamide may be the main causes of AMI. This study can provide reference for the mechanism and causes of AMI identification.

Objective To explore the effects of different test positions on quantitative muscle strength of wrist and finger flexor muscle groups and to establish a standardized muscle strength test protocol for each muscle group. Methods Forty healthy subjects （12 males and 28 females） were recruited. A portable digital quantitative muscle strength tester, Micro FET2^TM, was used to measure the flexor muscle strength of each finger and the wrist joint at the 30° extension, 0° neutral, and 30° flexion, respectively. Palmar abduction strength of the thumb was measured at 30° and 60°, respectively. Ten subjects were randomly selected from the 40 subjects, and the quantitative muscle strength of each muscle group was tested again by the same operator after an interval of 10 to 15 days. Results Except for the fact that in males, there was no significant difference in flexor muscle strength of thumb and wrist joint between 30° of wrist extension and neutral 0° position, the muscle strength of the other fingers flexion and wrist palmar flexor showed the following characteristics： 30° of wrist extension > neutral 0° position > 30° of flexion, and the PAST was 30°>60°; The flexor muscle strength of all the subjects was thumb > index finger > middle finger > ring finger > little finger; All muscle strength values of male were greater than those of female, and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）; There was no significant difference between the left and right side muscle strength values of all subjects （P>0.05）. The reliability of muscle strength values measured at different times in 10 subjects was good. Conclusion The quantitative muscle strength of each muscle group of the hand and wrist is affected by the test position, and a standardized and uniformed test position should be adopted in the actual identification. Micro FET2^TM has good reliability for hand and wrist quantitative muscle strength testing. The 30° extension of the wrist can be used as the best standardized test position for the flexion muscle strength of each finger and wrist joint. The 30° position can be used as the best standardized test position for PAST.

Objective To describe the current state of research and future research hotspots through a metrological analysis of the literature in the field of forensic anthropological remains identification research. Methods The data retrieved and extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection （WoSCC）， the core database of the Web of Science information service platform （hereinafter referred to as “WoS”）， was used to analyze the trends and topic changes in research on forensic identification of human remains from 1991 to 2022. Network visualisation of publication trends, countries （regions）, institutions, authors and topics related to the identification of remains in forensic anthropology was analysed using python 3.9.2 and Gephi 0.10. Results A total of 873 papers written in English in the field of forensic anthropological remains identification research were obtained. The journal with the largest number of publications was Forensic Science International （164 articles）. The country （region） with the largest number of published papers was China （90 articles）. Katholieke Univ Leuven （Netherlands， 21 articles） was the institution with the largest number of publications. Topic analysis revealed that the focus of forensic anthropological remains identification research was sex estimation and age estimation, and the most commonly studied remains were teeth. Conclusion The volume of publications in the field of forensic anthropological remains identification research has a distinct phasing. However, the scope of both international and domestic collaborations remains limited. Traditionally, human remains identification has primarily relied on key areas such as the pelvis, skull, and teeth. Looking ahead, future research will likely focus on the more accurate and efficient identification of multiple skeletal remains through the use of machine learning and deep learning techniques.

Objective To establish a rapid， accurate， and sensitive multiplex PCR detection method for the simultaneous identification of the six common edible meats （beef， lamp， chicken， pork， goose， duck）， and to evaluate its application value in meat adulteration identification. Methods Based on complete mitochondrial genomic sequences of six species in the GenBank database， DNA sequences （cattle： 16S rRNA; sheep： COX-1; chickens： Cytb; pig： COX-1; goose： NADH2; duck： 16S rRNA） with intra-species conservation and inter-species specificity were screened， and species-specific primers were designed to construct a multiplex PCR detection system that can simultaneously detect the meat of six common species. The species specificity， sensitivity and reproducibility of the system were studied, and the simulated mixture sample detection was performed. Results This study successfully constructed a multiplex PCR detection system that can detect the meats of six common species simultaneously. The system was not effective in DNA amplification of non-target species. When the DNA template sizes were 0.062 5-2 ng/μL， the amplified products of all six species could be detected. The duck component was still detected when the mixing ratio of duck and beef was as low as 0.5%. Conclusion This study constructs and establishes a multiplex PCR detection system with strong specificity， high sensitivity， and good reproducibility. It can accurately identify the components of animal origin in common edible meats and provide a simple and practical method for identifying adulteration of common edible meats and meat products in China.

Objective To explore the association between violent behaviors and emotions in individuals with mental disorders, to evaluate the application value of facial expression analysis technology in violence risk assessment of individuals with mental disorders in supervised settings, and to provide a reference for violence risk assessment. Methods Thirty-nine male individuals with mental disorders in supervised settings were selected, the participant risk of violence, cognitive function, psychiatric symptoms and severity were assessed using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale （MOAS）, the Historical, Clinical, Risk Management-Chinese version（HCR-CV）, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS） and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale （BPRS）. An emotional arousal was performed on the participants and the intensity of their emotions and facial expression action units was recorded before, during and after the arousal. One-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to compare the differences in the intensity of emotions and facial expression action units before, during and after the arousal. Pearson correlation analysis was used to calculate the correlations between the intensity of the seven basic emotional facial expressions and the scores of the assessment scales. Results The intensity difference of sadness, surprise and fear in different time periods was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The intensity of the left medial eyebrow lift action unit was found significantly different before and after the emotional arousal （P<0.05）. The intensity of anger was positively correlated with the Modified Overt Aggression Scale score throughout the experiment （P<0.05）. Conclusion Eye action units such as eyebrow lifting, eyelid tightening and upper eyelid lifting can be used as effective action units to identify sadness, anger and other negative emotions associated with violent behaviors. Facial expression analysis technology can be used as an auxiliary tool to assess the potential risk of violence in individuals with mental disorders in supervised settings.

In the process of murder investigation, it is of great significance to find the discarded and buried human remains accurately. The main methods of searching for human remains include human visual search, aerial detection, geophysical technology, remote imaging technology and canine olfactory search technique. Canine olfactory search for human remains is a recognized time-effective and non-invasive search method, making dogs the most valuable search tool in forensic investigation. By systematically reviewing and summarizing relevant literature, and based on the theory of volatile organic compound produced by the decomposition of human remains, this paper explores the basic principle of the canine olfactory search technique for human remains. This paper also reviews the application of training canine search technique for human remains in forensic investigation by using human blood, tissue, cadaver putrefying fluid and odor substitutes as sniffing sources. The application prospect of canine olfactory search for human remains was prospected from the perspectives of detection of volatile organic compound during cadaver decay, development of odor substitutes and adsorption devices, and technology tactics used in canine training and use, to provide references for the relevant research of canine olfactory search for human remains in China.

Piperazines are a class of new psychoactive substances with hallucinogenic effects that affect the central nervous system by affecting the level of monoamine neurotransmitters. Abuse of piperazines will produce stimulating and hallucinogenic effects, accompanied by headache, dizziness, anxiety, insomnia, vomiting, chest pain, tachycardia, hypertension and other adverse reactions, and may even cause cardiovascular diseases and multiple organ failure and lead to death, seriously affecting human physical and mental health and public safety. The abuse of new psychoactive substance piperazines has attracted extensive attention from the international community. The study of its pharmacological toxicology and analytical methods has become a research hotspot in the field of forensic medicine. This paper reviews the in vivo processes, sample treatment and analytical methods of existing piperazines, in order to provide reference for forensic identification.

The quality of Japanese forensic experts has been widely recognized around the world, which cannot be separated from the “ripple effect” caused by the rapid rise of the modern forensic education in Japan. By continuously adopting foreign forensic education resources and teaching experience, it has finally formed a forensic professional talent training model with a clear hierarchy of basic education and professional training, as well as classroom teaching and case studies complementing each other; and it continuously improves the comprehensive quality of practitioners through domestic training and international exchange and cooperation, providing talented professionals for the development of the Japanese forensic industry. In this context, this article takes the development history of Japanese forensic medicine as the starting point to study how it gradually formed the embryonic form of forensic education in modern times. Based on this, it analyzes the characteristics of Japan’s modern forensic medicine talent training model, summarizes excellent experiences for localized transformation, such as emphasizing the role of practical teaching, exerting the effectiveness of vocational skills training, and promoting international exchange and cooperation, to provide reference and inspiration for the training of relevant professional talents in China.