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Forensic identification of death caused by black bear attack：Three case reports  Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (4): 560-562.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.400908 Abstract （24269）   HTML （14416）    PDF（pc） （2343KB）（16469）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Forensic Medicine    2024, 40 (2): 205-207.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430318 Abstract （1910）   HTML    PDF（pc） （1222KB）（1933）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Suicide by Taking Phenobarbital and Scopolamine: A Case Report Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (5): 664-666.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.401011 Abstract （1386）   HTML （230）    PDF（pc） （907KB）（1331）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Forensic Medicine    2024, 40 (2): 109-111.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.240410 Abstract （1378）   HTML    PDF（pc） （578KB）（799）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Forensic Analysis of 9 Poisoning Death Cases Caused by Oral Administration of Diphenidol Liu YANG, Ping XIANG, Hong-xiao DENG, Huo-sheng QIANG, Yong-hui DANG, Yan SHI, Bao-hua SHEN Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (4): 495-499.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.301101 Abstract （1349）   HTML （142）    PDF（pc） （764KB）（1235）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the characteristics of diphenidol poisoning cases and to provide clues and technical means for the identification of such cases. Methods Biological samples of 9 deaths caused by diphenidol poisoning were detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）, and the characteristics of these cases were analyzed retrospectively. Results Most of the deaths caused by diphenidol poisoning were young females. The dosage was between 60 and 300 tablets, and the mass concentration of diphenidol in the postmortem blood ranged from 0.87 to 99.00 μg/mL. There was no correlation between the dosage and the concentration of diphenidol in the blood. Conclusion Diphenidol poisoning has the characteristics of high concealment and lethality. More attention should be paid to suicide cases, and diphenidol should be recommended as a routine detection item to avoid missing detection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Forensic Medicine    2023, 39 (3): 308-311.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.510905 Abstract （1324）   HTML    PDF（pc） （528KB）（1850）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparison of Three Methods for Skeleton Age Estimation Dong-chuan ZHANG, Geng FEI, Ting-ting CHEN, Lu-yi XU, De-lun YU, Tian-ye ZHANG Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (3): 319-323.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.410703 Abstract （1220）   HTML （66）    PDF（pc） （652KB）（1010）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To find the appropriate method for age estimation for different ages and sexes. Methods The costal cartilage， sternum and pubic symphysis of 91 unknowns from 2000 to 2020 from the Forensic Department of the Criminal Investigation Team of Shanghai Public Security Bureau were collected. Costal cartilage， sternal and pubic symphysis inferences were used to estimate the age， and the consistency between the estimated results and the actual physiological age of the unknowns was tested. The accuracy of age estimation of different samples was compared， and the relationship between accuracy and age and sex was analyzed. Results Using the costal cartilage method， the inference errors of males， females and the whole population under 40 years old were （0.608±2.298） years， （0.429±1.867） years and （0.493±2.040） years， while those over 40 years old were （-1.707±3.770） years， （-3.286±4.078） years and （-2.625±4.029） years. The differences between different age groups in these three populations were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Using the sternum method， the inference errors of males and females under the age of 40 were （0.921±3.019） years and （0.452±1.451） years， while those over the age of 40 were （-5.903±5.088） years and （-1.429±2.227） years. The differences between different age groups in males and females were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Using the pubic symphysis method， the inference errors of males and females under 40 years old were （-0.204±1.876） years and （0.238±2.477） years， while those over 40 years old were （1.500±2.156） years and （-2.643±4.270） years. The differences between different age groups in males and females were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Using the sternum method and pubic symphysis method for age estimation of over 40 years old， the difference between different sexes was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion All three methods of age estimation are stable and effective and more accurate for people under 40 years old. For age estimation of unknowns over 40 years old， the pubic symphysis method is preferred in males and the sternum method is preferred in females. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification of the New Psychoactive Substance Eutylone Qian-ya DENG, Wen-juan SUN, Si-yang HE, Kua-dou WANG, Yong-sheng CHEN, Wei WANG, Chen LIANG Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (4): 473-477.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.310503 Abstract （1188）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （1052KB）（941）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To establish a method to identify unknown sample based on the combined use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （GC-QTOF-MS）, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry （UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS） and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H-NMR） technique. Methods The unknown sample was directly analyzed by FTIR. The unknown sample was dissolved in methanol solution containing internal standard SKF525A and the supernatant was detected by GC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS. The unknown sample was dissolved in methanol-d4 solution for structural analysis of 1H-NMR. Results The characteristic absorption peaks of FTIR spectra obtained from unknown sample were 1 682 （C=O bond）, 1 503, 1 488, 1 436, 1 363, 1 256, 1 092, 1 035, 935, 840 and 800 cm-1, the characteristic fragment ions （m/z） of GC-QTOF-MS were 86.096 4 （base peak）, 58.065 1, 149.023 5, 121.028 6 and 65.038 6, the accurate mass [M+H]+ detected by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS was 236.127 7. The sample was identified as synthetic cathinone new psychoactive substance Eutylone by 1H-NMR. Conclusion The method established in this study can be used for structural confirmation of Eutylone. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Thoracic Aorta Injury in 27 Road Traffic Accident Deaths Wei-quan YE, Jia HE, Zhao-bin WU, Liu-xin CAI Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (4): 486-489.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.410502 Abstract （1162）   HTML （112）    PDF（pc） （581KB）（1349）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the characteristics of thoracic aorta injury in road traffic accidents, to provide data reference for forensic identification. Methods The data of 27 traffic accident death cases with thoracic aorta injury were analyzed according to relevant parameters including sex, age, mode of transportation, and thoracic aorta injury. Results Aortic injury in traffic accidents was significantly more in males than females, and 74.1% cases were in the age range of 31-70 years. The most common mode of transportation was the motorcycle, followed by electric bike, most of which crashed with trucks. Most cases were accompanied by rib fractures and lung injuries. Thoracic aorta injury was the most common in ascending aorta, followed by aortic arch and thoracic aorta. Ascending aorta injury was most likely to occur in the range of 0-<1.6 cm from the aortic valve, while it was rare over 2.6 cm. Taking the aortic valve as the reference, the most common locations of injury were the anterior semilunar valve, followed by the right posterior semilunar valve and the left posterior semilunar valve. Thoracic aortic rupture occurred in 63.0% cases, and intima and media lacerations only occurred in 37.0% cases. A few deceased had aortic diseases. Conclusion The proximal part of the ascending aorta is prone to be injured because of the large external force of traffic accidents. The medical examiner should carefully examine the aortic injury in traffic accident deaths, and evaluate the relationship between the injury and the disease according to the condition and degree of aortic injury. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Deaths Due to Poisoning with Diphenylamine Hydrochloride Tablets: Four Case Reports Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (3): 420-422.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.400205 Abstract （1156）   HTML （144）    PDF（pc） （490KB）（1086）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Forensic Medicine    2024, 40 (2): 196-199.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430410 Abstract （1115）   HTML    PDF（pc） （2042KB）（1264）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Retrospective Analysis of Death Cases of Oral Diphenidol Hydrochloride Poisoning Yu YANG, Fan-zhang LEI, Yu-you DONG, Jian-long MA, Qi-qiang SHI, Xue-song YE Journal of Forensic Medicine    2023, 39 (4): 393-398.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.420401 Abstract （1107）   HTML    PDF（pc） （1642KB）（1299）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the characteristics of postmortem examination, chemical examination and scene investigation of deaths caused by oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning, and so as to provide a reference for proper settlement and prevention of such deaths. Methods The data of 22 deaths caused by oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning in a city from January 2018 to August 2020 were collected, including case details, scene investigations, autopsies, chemical examinations and digital evidence. Thirty-one cases of deaths caused by oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning reported in previous literature were also collected. Results In the 53 oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning death cases, 50 cases were suicide, 2 cases were accidental, while 1 case was undetermined. Fifty-two cases were found in the medical records or crime scene investigation reports with doses ranging from 775 mg to 12 500 mg, and 23 deceased were detected with postmortem blood concentrations ranging from 2.71 mg/L to 83.1 mg/L. Clinical symptoms were recorded in 6 patients, including conscious disturbance and convulsion. Among the 45 cases which were performed with external examination, 23 cases autopsied. Conclusion Most of the deceased of oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning were suicide. No significant correlation was found between dose and blood concentration through the retrospective analysis of cases. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of 39 Forensic Clinical Sex Identification Cases after Sex Reassignment Surgery Yu-jiao WU, Yue-qin ZHOU, Yi-wen SHEN, Jie-qing JIANG Journal of Forensic Medicine    2024, 40 (4): 365-371.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230602 Abstract （1089）   HTML    PDF（pc） （733KB）（1287）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the characteristics of forensic clinical sex identification cases after sex reassignment surgery for transsexualism, discuss the main point of forensic clinical sex identification in China based on domestic and foreign sex change policies and related cases, so as to standardize relevant identification. Methods A total of 39 cases of forensic clinical sex identification were collected from Center for Forensic Science, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University in recent years, and the ratio of sex, identification time, the location of surgery, secondary sex characteristic and other information were statistically analyzed. Results Transgender woman accounted for 97.4% of the cases, and 94.9% of the cases were operated in Thailand. All cases were identified after the sex reassignment surgery, and at least one of the secondary sex characteristics was consistent with the postoperative primary sexual characters. There were only 2 cases in which auxiliary examination was applied. Conclusion Forensic clinical sex identification should be based on the principle that the primary and secondary sex characteristics are consistent with the changed sex. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Forensic Examination of Six Homicide Injection Cases Yu-lei YANG, Dong-chuan ZHANG, Kai-jun MA Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (3): 324-327.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.410702 Abstract （1075）   HTML （227）    PDF（pc） （1045KB）（1536）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To retrospectively analyze homicide cases of death after injection and provide reference for forensic identification. Methods Six homicide cases of death after injection which were investigated by the Criminal Investigation Team of Shanghai Public Security Bureau were collected and analyzed, including case situation, scene investigation, autopsy and other materials. Results The 6 cases were premeditated crimes, 5 cases took place in private spaces, and 5 cases involved the victims approached by suspects’ decoy. There were no obvious abnormalities at the scene of the 6 cases. In 6 cases, the victim’s body surface injury was mild or no, lividity color was abnormal, and the needlestick injury showed different manifestations from conventional medical measures. Conclusion Death after injection is a highly concealed crime and easy to be ignored. For the suspected injection injury found in autopsy, it is necessary to carefully examine, identify and analyze, be alert to the situation of injecting poison （drug） and do a good job in evidence fixation and material extraction. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Forensic Research Progress on Postural Asphyxia Hong-bo PAN, Ming-jie LI, Shi-hua HU, Gang CHEN Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (3): 396-399.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.400813 Abstract （1074）   HTML （160）    PDF（pc） （565KB）（1957）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the increase in the number of cases of postural asphyxia has gradually attracted the attention and discussion of forensic scientists domestically and internationally, but a systematic, comprehensive and recognized expert consensus and identification standard has not been established at home and abroad. This paper reviews the case characteristics, occurrence, mechanism of death, and identification criteria of postural asphyxia, to provide reference for future research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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New Advances， Challenges and Opportunities in Forensic Applications of Microbiomics Fan-zhang LEI, Man CHEN, Shu-yan MEI, Ya-ting FANG, Bo-feng ZHU Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (5): 625-639.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.520303 Abstract （1056）   HTML （51）    PDF（pc） （1844KB）（1536）       Knowledge map    Save The succession of microbiota is closely associated with several essential factors, including race, sex, health condition, lifestyle, postmortem interval, etc., and it has great potential application value in forensic medicine. This paper summarizes recent studies on the forensic applications of the microbiome, including individual identification, geographical feature identification, origin identification of the tissue or body fluid, and postmortem interval estimation, and introduces the current machine learning algorithms for microbiology research based on next-generation sequencing data. In addition, the current problems facing forensic microbiomics such as the extraction and preservation of samples, construction of standardization and database, ethical review and practical applicability are discussed. Future multi-omics studies are expected to explore micro ecosystems from a comprehensive and dynamic perspective, to promote the development of forensic microbiomics application. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Forensic Medicine    2024, 40 (1): 86-87.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430102 Abstract （1020）   HTML （274）    PDF（pc） （1501KB）（1902）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Forensic Medicine    2024, 40 (3): 311-313.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.340304 Abstract （999）   HTML    PDF（pc） （537KB）（757）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Process of Forensic Medicine in DNA Identification of Aged Human Remains Lu CHEN, Zhe ZHOU, Sheng-qi WANG Journal of Forensic Medicine    2023, 39 (5): 478-486.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.511209 Abstract （967）   HTML    PDF（pc） （708KB）（1379）       Knowledge map    Save Skeleton and teeth are important biological samples. Due to their special structure and strong ability to resist degradation, they are ideal biological materials to retain DNA under natural condition. In many cases, such as historical figure identification, aged skeleton and teeth are usually the only biological samples. However, their DNA is in a state of trace, damage and degradation to different degrees, which requires special experimental treatment to achieve identification. This paper reviews the sample selection, DNA extraction, DNA enrichment and analysis approaches based on relevant research reports in recent years, aiming to promote the further development and improvement of the aged skeleton and teeth identification system. Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress on Dental Age Estimation Based on MRI Technology Lei SHI, Ye XUE, Li-rong QIU, Ting LU, Fei FAN, Yu-chi ZHOU, Zhen-hua DENG Journal of Forensic Medicine    2024, 40 (2): 112-117.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.231204 Abstract （953）   HTML    PDF（pc） （687KB）（796）       Knowledge map    Save Dental age estimation is a crucial aspect and one of the ways to accomplish forensic age estimation, and imaging technology is an important technique for dental age estimation. In recent years, some studies have preliminarily confirmed the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in evaluating dental development, providing a new perspective and possibility for the evaluation of dental development, suggesting that MRI is expected to be a safer and more accurate tool for dental age estimation. However, further research is essential to verify its accuracy and feasibility. This article reviews the current state, challenges and limitations of MRI in dental development and age estimation, offering reference for the research of dental age assessment based on MRI technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）