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Forensic identification of death caused by black bear attack：Three case reports  Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (4): 560-562.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.400908 Abstract （24588）   HTML （14521）    PDF（pc） （2343KB）（16961）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Forensic Medicine    2024, 40 (2): 205-207.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430318 Abstract （1946）   HTML    PDF（pc） （1222KB）（2022）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Forensic Analysis of 9 Poisoning Death Cases Caused by Oral Administration of Diphenidol Liu YANG, Ping XIANG, Hong-xiao DENG, Huo-sheng QIANG, Yong-hui DANG, Yan SHI, Bao-hua SHEN Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (4): 495-499.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.301101 Abstract （1436）   HTML （143）    PDF（pc） （764KB）（1354）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the characteristics of diphenidol poisoning cases and to provide clues and technical means for the identification of such cases. Methods Biological samples of 9 deaths caused by diphenidol poisoning were detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）, and the characteristics of these cases were analyzed retrospectively. Results Most of the deaths caused by diphenidol poisoning were young females. The dosage was between 60 and 300 tablets, and the mass concentration of diphenidol in the postmortem blood ranged from 0.87 to 99.00 μg/mL. There was no correlation between the dosage and the concentration of diphenidol in the blood. Conclusion Diphenidol poisoning has the characteristics of high concealment and lethality. More attention should be paid to suicide cases, and diphenidol should be recommended as a routine detection item to avoid missing detection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Suicide by Taking Phenobarbital and Scopolamine: A Case Report Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (5): 664-666.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.401011 Abstract （1432）   HTML （241）    PDF（pc） （907KB）（1652）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Forensic Medicine    2024, 40 (2): 109-111.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.240410 Abstract （1396）   HTML    PDF（pc） （578KB）（875）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Forensic Medicine    2023, 39 (3): 308-311.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.510905 Abstract （1366）   HTML    PDF（pc） （528KB）（1957）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of 39 Forensic Clinical Sex Identification Cases after Sex Reassignment Surgery Yu-jiao WU, Yue-qin ZHOU, Yi-wen SHEN, Jie-qing JIANG Journal of Forensic Medicine    2024, 40 (4): 365-371.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230602 Abstract （1237）   HTML    PDF（pc） （733KB）（1678）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the characteristics of forensic clinical sex identification cases after sex reassignment surgery for transsexualism, discuss the main point of forensic clinical sex identification in China based on domestic and foreign sex change policies and related cases, so as to standardize relevant identification. Methods A total of 39 cases of forensic clinical sex identification were collected from Center for Forensic Science, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University in recent years, and the ratio of sex, identification time, the location of surgery, secondary sex characteristic and other information were statistically analyzed. Results Transgender woman accounted for 97.4% of the cases, and 94.9% of the cases were operated in Thailand. All cases were identified after the sex reassignment surgery, and at least one of the secondary sex characteristics was consistent with the postoperative primary sexual characters. There were only 2 cases in which auxiliary examination was applied. Conclusion Forensic clinical sex identification should be based on the principle that the primary and secondary sex characteristics are consistent with the changed sex. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification of the New Psychoactive Substance Eutylone Qian-ya DENG, Wen-juan SUN, Si-yang HE, Kua-dou WANG, Yong-sheng CHEN, Wei WANG, Chen LIANG Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (4): 473-477.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.310503 Abstract （1205）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （1052KB）（1007）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To establish a method to identify unknown sample based on the combined use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （GC-QTOF-MS）, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry （UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS） and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H-NMR） technique. Methods The unknown sample was directly analyzed by FTIR. The unknown sample was dissolved in methanol solution containing internal standard SKF525A and the supernatant was detected by GC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS. The unknown sample was dissolved in methanol-d4 solution for structural analysis of 1H-NMR. Results The characteristic absorption peaks of FTIR spectra obtained from unknown sample were 1 682 （C=O bond）, 1 503, 1 488, 1 436, 1 363, 1 256, 1 092, 1 035, 935, 840 and 800 cm-1, the characteristic fragment ions （m/z） of GC-QTOF-MS were 86.096 4 （base peak）, 58.065 1, 149.023 5, 121.028 6 and 65.038 6, the accurate mass [M+H]+ detected by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS was 236.127 7. The sample was identified as synthetic cathinone new psychoactive substance Eutylone by 1H-NMR. Conclusion The method established in this study can be used for structural confirmation of Eutylone. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Retrospective Analysis of Death Cases of Oral Diphenidol Hydrochloride Poisoning Yu YANG, Fan-zhang LEI, Yu-you DONG, Jian-long MA, Qi-qiang SHI, Xue-song YE Journal of Forensic Medicine    2023, 39 (4): 393-398.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.420401 Abstract （1196）   HTML    PDF（pc） （1642KB）（1517）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the characteristics of postmortem examination, chemical examination and scene investigation of deaths caused by oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning, and so as to provide a reference for proper settlement and prevention of such deaths. Methods The data of 22 deaths caused by oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning in a city from January 2018 to August 2020 were collected, including case details, scene investigations, autopsies, chemical examinations and digital evidence. Thirty-one cases of deaths caused by oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning reported in previous literature were also collected. Results In the 53 oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning death cases, 50 cases were suicide, 2 cases were accidental, while 1 case was undetermined. Fifty-two cases were found in the medical records or crime scene investigation reports with doses ranging from 775 mg to 12 500 mg, and 23 deceased were detected with postmortem blood concentrations ranging from 2.71 mg/L to 83.1 mg/L. Clinical symptoms were recorded in 6 patients, including conscious disturbance and convulsion. Among the 45 cases which were performed with external examination, 23 cases autopsied. Conclusion Most of the deceased of oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning were suicide. No significant correlation was found between dose and blood concentration through the retrospective analysis of cases. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Thoracic Aorta Injury in 27 Road Traffic Accident Deaths Wei-quan YE, Jia HE, Zhao-bin WU, Liu-xin CAI Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (4): 486-489.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.410502 Abstract （1182）   HTML （113）    PDF（pc） （581KB）（1455）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the characteristics of thoracic aorta injury in road traffic accidents, to provide data reference for forensic identification. Methods The data of 27 traffic accident death cases with thoracic aorta injury were analyzed according to relevant parameters including sex, age, mode of transportation, and thoracic aorta injury. Results Aortic injury in traffic accidents was significantly more in males than females, and 74.1% cases were in the age range of 31-70 years. The most common mode of transportation was the motorcycle, followed by electric bike, most of which crashed with trucks. Most cases were accompanied by rib fractures and lung injuries. Thoracic aorta injury was the most common in ascending aorta, followed by aortic arch and thoracic aorta. Ascending aorta injury was most likely to occur in the range of 0-<1.6 cm from the aortic valve, while it was rare over 2.6 cm. Taking the aortic valve as the reference, the most common locations of injury were the anterior semilunar valve, followed by the right posterior semilunar valve and the left posterior semilunar valve. Thoracic aortic rupture occurred in 63.0% cases, and intima and media lacerations only occurred in 37.0% cases. A few deceased had aortic diseases. Conclusion The proximal part of the ascending aorta is prone to be injured because of the large external force of traffic accidents. The medical examiner should carefully examine the aortic injury in traffic accident deaths, and evaluate the relationship between the injury and the disease according to the condition and degree of aortic injury. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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New Advances， Challenges and Opportunities in Forensic Applications of Microbiomics Fan-zhang LEI, Man CHEN, Shu-yan MEI, Ya-ting FANG, Bo-feng ZHU Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (5): 625-639.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.520303 Abstract （1135）   HTML （52）    PDF（pc） （1844KB）（2038）       Knowledge map    Save The succession of microbiota is closely associated with several essential factors, including race, sex, health condition, lifestyle, postmortem interval, etc., and it has great potential application value in forensic medicine. This paper summarizes recent studies on the forensic applications of the microbiome, including individual identification, geographical feature identification, origin identification of the tissue or body fluid, and postmortem interval estimation, and introduces the current machine learning algorithms for microbiology research based on next-generation sequencing data. In addition, the current problems facing forensic microbiomics such as the extraction and preservation of samples, construction of standardization and database, ethical review and practical applicability are discussed. Future multi-omics studies are expected to explore micro ecosystems from a comprehensive and dynamic perspective, to promote the development of forensic microbiomics application. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Forensic Medicine    2024, 40 (2): 196-199.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430410 Abstract （1132）   HTML    PDF（pc） （2042KB）（1344）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Forensic Medicine    2024, 40 (1): 86-87.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430102 Abstract （1053）   HTML （278）    PDF（pc） （1501KB）（2051）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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UPLC-MS/MS Method for Detection of Etomidate and Its Metabolite Etomidate Acid Quantity in Blood Xing HAN, Xin LIU, Ming-luo DU, Ruo-lun XU, Jia-rong LI, Chao LIU, Wei-guo LIU Journal of Forensic Medicine    2023, 39 (6): 564-570.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.330901 Abstract （1019）   HTML    PDF（pc） （1097KB）（1398）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of etomidate and its metabolite etomidate acid in blood, and to discuss its application value in actual cases. Methods Acetonitrile precipitate protein method was used, and C18 column was selected. Gradient elution was performed with acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate within 6 min. Electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode was used. The internal standard etomidate acid-d5 was obtained by etomidate-d5 alkaline hydrolysis reaction. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） was used for quantitative analysis. The methodological verification was conducted. Results Etomidate and etomidate acid in blood showed good linear relationship in the quantitative linear range （r>0.999）, with the lower limit of quantification was 2.5 ng/mL and 7.5 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy, precision, recovery rate, and matrix effect of the method met the professional verification standards. The practical application results showed that etomidate and etomidate acid could be detected in the blood of the abusers, and their mass concentrations ranged from 17.24 to 379.93 ng/mL. Conclusion The method established in this study can simultaneously quantify etomidate and etomidate acid in blood, which is simple and convenient to operate with accuracy. It can meet the detection needs of actual cases and provide technical support for law enforcement to crack down on etomidate abuse. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Process of Forensic Medicine in DNA Identification of Aged Human Remains Lu CHEN, Zhe ZHOU, Sheng-qi WANG Journal of Forensic Medicine    2023, 39 (5): 478-486.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.511209 Abstract （1016）   HTML    PDF（pc） （708KB）（1779）       Knowledge map    Save Skeleton and teeth are important biological samples. Due to their special structure and strong ability to resist degradation, they are ideal biological materials to retain DNA under natural condition. In many cases, such as historical figure identification, aged skeleton and teeth are usually the only biological samples. However, their DNA is in a state of trace, damage and degradation to different degrees, which requires special experimental treatment to achieve identification. This paper reviews the sample selection, DNA extraction, DNA enrichment and analysis approaches based on relevant research reports in recent years, aiming to promote the further development and improvement of the aged skeleton and teeth identification system. Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Forensic Medicine    2024, 40 (3): 311-313.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.340304 Abstract （1014）   HTML    PDF（pc） （537KB）（863）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress on Dental Age Estimation Based on MRI Technology Lei SHI, Ye XUE, Li-rong QIU, Ting LU, Fei FAN, Yu-chi ZHOU, Zhen-hua DENG Journal of Forensic Medicine    2024, 40 (2): 112-117.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.231204 Abstract （981）   HTML    PDF（pc） （687KB）（865）       Knowledge map    Save Dental age estimation is a crucial aspect and one of the ways to accomplish forensic age estimation, and imaging technology is an important technique for dental age estimation. In recent years, some studies have preliminarily confirmed the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in evaluating dental development, providing a new perspective and possibility for the evaluation of dental development, suggesting that MRI is expected to be a safer and more accurate tool for dental age estimation. However, further research is essential to verify its accuracy and feasibility. This article reviews the current state, challenges and limitations of MRI in dental development and age estimation, offering reference for the research of dental age assessment based on MRI technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Disability Evaluation of Suspected“Post-Craniotomy”: A Case Report Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (4): 563-565.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.201010 Abstract （963）   HTML （138）    PDF（pc） （553KB）（810）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Forensic Medicine    2023, 39 (5): 528-530.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.220214 Abstract （938）   HTML    PDF（pc） （848KB）（1176）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Forensic Identification of Scrotal and Testicular Injury: Three Case Reports Journal of Forensic Medicine    2022, 38 (5): 681-685.   DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.201104 Abstract （884）   HTML （192）    PDF（pc） （665KB）（1685）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）