Research Progress on Dental Age Estimation Based on MRI Technology

doi:10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.231204

Abstract

Abstract:

Dental age estimation is a crucial aspect and one of the ways to accomplish forensic age estimation, and imaging technology is an important technique for dental age estimation. In recent years, some studies have preliminarily confirmed the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in evaluating dental development, providing a new perspective and possibility for the evaluation of dental development, suggesting that MRI is expected to be a safer and more accurate tool for dental age estimation. However, further research is essential to verify its accuracy and feasibility. This article reviews the current state, challenges and limitations of MRI in dental development and age estimation, offering reference for the research of dental age assessment based on MRI technology.

Key words: forensic anthropology, forensic dentistry, age estimation, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, dental age, dental development, review

CLC Number:

Lei SHI, Ye XUE, Li-rong QIU, Ting LU, Fei FAN, Yu-chi ZHOU, Zhen-hua DENG. Research Progress on Dental Age Estimation Based on MRI Technology[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2024, 40(2): 112-117.

Figures/Tables 1

References 34

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分期	OPG分期标准^[4]	分期	MRI分期标准^[20]
0	牙囊期，在相应牙位的牙槽骨中可见类圆形的牙囊，与周围骨质之间有一较高密度致密影相隔	0	牙囊期，牙槽骨内可见高信号牙囊，无明显钙化
A	在单根牙或双根牙的牙囊顶端可见倒锥形的钙化点，钙化点未融合	1	在牙囊顶端观察到倒锥形的钙化点，尚未融合——对应OPG A期
B	钙化点开始融合，形成1个或多个尖顶，尖顶形成牙颌面轮廓	2	a.钙化点融合，牙颌面轮廓形成；b.髓室顶轮廓扁平或呈曲形；c.根尖分叉雏形呈低信号——对应OPG B+C期
C	a.牙冠部的牙釉质完全形成，并覆盖延伸至牙颈部；b.牙本质开始形成，可见牙本质沉积；c.牙髓腔髓室顶轮廓呈曲形	3	a.髓室轮廓呈梯形，髓角尖端形成，形似伞面；b.牙冠逐渐向下延伸，针状牙根形成，长度小于牙冠高度；c.牙根分叉呈半月形低信号——对应OPG D+E期
D	a.牙冠在牙骨质交界处以上完全形成。b.单根牙的髓室顶轮廓弯曲，朝着颈部的方向形成凹面；牙髓角的投影可见时，轮廓呈伞状；磨牙髓室轮廓近似梯形。c.针状牙根开始形成	4	a.牙根长度达牙冠高度；b.牙根分叉呈半月形或较前向远端发育——对应OPG E-F期
E	单牙根牙：a.牙髓室壁呈直线形，牙髓角较前期增大；b.牙根长度小于牙冠高度。磨牙：a.牙根分叉开始形成，呈钙化点或是半月形；b.牙根长度小于牙冠高度	5	a.牙根长度达1.5倍牙冠高度；b.牙根分叉呈漏斗形，牙根轮廓较前清晰——对应OPG F-G期
F	单牙根牙：a.牙髓腔壁形似等腰三角形，根尖末端呈漏斗状；b.牙根长度大于或等于牙冠高度。磨牙：a.钙化的牙根分叉从半月形进一步分化为轮廓清晰的漏斗形；b.牙根长度大于或等于牙冠高度	6	a.远中根管壁平行，根尖孔部分开放；b.根尖孔处牙骨质较菲薄；c.根尖周围高信号——对应OPG G期
G	根管侧壁相互平行，远中牙根根尖孔部分开放，未完全闭合	7	a.远中根管壁靠拢，根尖孔部分开放；b.根尖孔处牙骨质较菲薄；c.根尖周围高信号——对应OPG G期
H	a.磨牙的根尖末端完全闭合；b.牙根和根尖的牙周膜宽度均匀一致	8	a.根尖孔完全闭合；b.根尖牙骨质较厚——对应OPG H期

分期	OPG分期标准^[4]	分期	MRI分期标准^[20]
0	牙囊期，在相应牙位的牙槽骨中可见类圆形的牙囊，与周围骨质之间有一较高密度致密影相隔	0	牙囊期，牙槽骨内可见高信号牙囊，无明显钙化
A	在单根牙或双根牙的牙囊顶端可见倒锥形的钙化点，钙化点未融合	1	在牙囊顶端观察到倒锥形的钙化点，尚未融合——对应OPG A期
B	钙化点开始融合，形成1个或多个尖顶，尖顶形成牙颌面轮廓	2	a.钙化点融合，牙颌面轮廓形成；b.髓室顶轮廓扁平或呈曲形；c.根尖分叉雏形呈低信号——对应OPG B+C期
C	a.牙冠部的牙釉质完全形成，并覆盖延伸至牙颈部；b.牙本质开始形成，可见牙本质沉积；c.牙髓腔髓室顶轮廓呈曲形	3	a.髓室轮廓呈梯形，髓角尖端形成，形似伞面；b.牙冠逐渐向下延伸，针状牙根形成，长度小于牙冠高度；c.牙根分叉呈半月形低信号——对应OPG D+E期
D	a.牙冠在牙骨质交界处以上完全形成。b.单根牙的髓室顶轮廓弯曲，朝着颈部的方向形成凹面；牙髓角的投影可见时，轮廓呈伞状；磨牙髓室轮廓近似梯形。c.针状牙根开始形成	4	a.牙根长度达牙冠高度；b.牙根分叉呈半月形或较前向远端发育——对应OPG E-F期
E	单牙根牙：a.牙髓室壁呈直线形，牙髓角较前期增大；b.牙根长度小于牙冠高度。磨牙：a.牙根分叉开始形成，呈钙化点或是半月形；b.牙根长度小于牙冠高度	5	a.牙根长度达1.5倍牙冠高度；b.牙根分叉呈漏斗形，牙根轮廓较前清晰——对应OPG F-G期
F	单牙根牙：a.牙髓腔壁形似等腰三角形，根尖末端呈漏斗状；b.牙根长度大于或等于牙冠高度。磨牙：a.钙化的牙根分叉从半月形进一步分化为轮廓清晰的漏斗形；b.牙根长度大于或等于牙冠高度	6	a.远中根管壁平行，根尖孔部分开放；b.根尖孔处牙骨质较菲薄；c.根尖周围高信号——对应OPG G期
G	根管侧壁相互平行，远中牙根根尖孔部分开放，未完全闭合	7	a.远中根管壁靠拢，根尖孔部分开放；b.根尖孔处牙骨质较菲薄；c.根尖周围高信号——对应OPG G期
H	a.磨牙的根尖末端完全闭合；b.牙根和根尖的牙周膜宽度均匀一致	8	a.根尖孔完全闭合；b.根尖牙骨质较厚——对应OPG H期

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