法医学杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 515-519.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.410716

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

法医学在应对突发及新发重大疫情中的作用

朱波峰1(), 丛斌2()   

  1. 1.南方医科大学法医学院 广州市法医多组学精准鉴识重点实验室,广东 广州 510515
    2.河北医科大学法医学院,河北 石家庄 050017
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-14 发布日期:2022-08-25 出版日期:2022-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 丛斌
  • 作者简介:丛斌,男,教授,中国工程院院士,主要从事法医病理学及法医物证学研究;E-mail:hbydcongbin@126.com
    朱波峰(1972—),男,博士,教授,主要从事法医物证学研究;E-mail:zhubofeng7372@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国工程院“法医科学与社会治理法治化战略研究”资助项目(2019-XZ-31)

The Role of Forensic Medicine in Responding to Emergencies and New Major Epidemics

Bo-feng ZHU1(), Bin CONG2()   

  1. 1.Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
    2.College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
  • Received:2021-07-14 Online:2022-08-25 Published:2022-08-28
  • Contact: Bin CONG

摘要:

近些年,人类不断面临新的突发传染性疾病的威胁,法医科学技术在应对突发及新发重大疫情中发挥着独特的作用。在疫情防控中,法医工作者基于非人源DNA检验技术能够为媒介动物种属确定、病原体地域溯源提供重要线索;在涉疫司法实践中,法医工作者在处理与生物安全法律相关的事件中所承担的证据责任也愈发重大,诸如疫情处理不当、疫苗安全性问题等所引发的诉讼,需要法医提供证据;在病原体溯源方面,法医物证学检验通过对传染病死亡现场以及尸体检验所提取的生物检材进行种属鉴定和个体识别,有望为流行病学调查提供线索,为病原体溯源指明方向。另外,法医病理学检验可以通过尸体解剖为明确死亡原因及死亡机制提供重要的病理生理学基础,并为阐明疫情流行病学特征、预判疫情发展趋势等提供必要的科学参考。

关键词: 法医学, 疫情防控, 生物安全, 新型冠状病毒肺炎, 诉讼, 综述

Abstract:

In recent years, human beings are constantly facing the threat of emerging infectious diseases. Forensic technology plays a unique role in responding to the emergencies and new epidemics. In epidemic prevention and control, forensic partitioners can provide important clues for the identification of vector animal species and the traceability of pathogen regions based on non-human DNA testing technology. In epidemic-related judicial practice, forensic partitioners bear more and more evidence responsibilities in dealing with biosafety laws-related issues, such as improper handling of epidemics and vaccine safety issues, which require forensic evidence. In terms of pathogen tracing, forensic physical evidence examinations identify species and individuals through biological materials extracted from the scene of death and autopsy of infectious diseases, are expected to provide informative clues for epidemiological investigations and point out the direction for pathogen tracing. In addition, forensic pathological examination can provide an important pathophysiological basis for determining the cause of death and the mechanism of death through autopsy, also offer necessary scientific evidence for clarifying the epidemiological characteristics of the epidemic and predicting the development trend of the epidemic.

Key words: forensic medicine, epidemic prevention and control, biosecurity, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), litigation, review

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