法医学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 317-323.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440116

• 论著 •    

蛋白酶-过氧化氢消解法在法医学硅藻检验中的应用

郭文青1,2(), 陈敏2(), 马骜2,3, 黄平1,2(), 张吉2()   

  1. 1.山西医科大学法医学院,山西 太原 030001
    2.司法鉴定科学研究院 上海市法医学重点实验室 司法部司法鉴定重点实验室 上海市司法鉴定专业技术服务平台,上海 200063
    3.内蒙古医科大学 基础医学院法医学实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010110
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-22 发布日期:2024-11-08 出版日期:2024-08-25
  • 通讯作者: 黄平,张吉
  • 作者简介:郭文青(1998—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事法医病理学及溺水硅藻检验研究;E-mail:guowq19980622@qq.com
    陈敏(1986—),男,主检法医师,主要从事法医病理学研究:E-mail:chenm@ssfjd.cn
    第一联系人:郭文青和陈敏为共同第一作者
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3302002);国家自然科学基金资助项目(82371902);上海市自然科学基金资助项目(23ZR1464400);上海市法医学重点实验室资助项目(21DZ2270800);司法部司法鉴定重点实验室资助项目;上海市司法鉴定专业技术服务平台资助项目

Application of Protease-Hydrogen Peroxide Digestion Method in Forensic Diatom Examination

Wen-qing GUO1,2(), Min CHEN2(), Ao MA2,3, Ping HUANG1,2(), Ji ZHANG2()   

  1. 1.School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
    2.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
    3.Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
  • Received:2024-01-22 Online:2024-11-08 Published:2024-08-25
  • Contact: Ping HUANG, Ji ZHANG

摘要:

目的 提出一种新型法医学硅藻检验方法,即蛋白酶-过氧化氢(protease-hydrogen peroxide,PHP)消解法,探讨该方法在法医学鉴定实践中的应用潜力。 方法 应用PHP消解法对肺组织进行处理并在硅藻数量、硅藻回收率、硅藻碎片占比以及不同硅藻科属回收效能等方面与传统的硝酸破机法进行比较。 结果 PHP消解法在硅藻数量、硅藻回收率以及硅藻碎片占比方面均高于传统的硝酸破机法且差异具有统计学意义,平均硅藻回收率高达93.95%。硝酸消解后的肺组织中曲壳藻属(65个)、菱形藻属Ⅰ(36个)、菱形藻属Ⅱ(22个)、双壁藻属(20个)、桥弯藻属(8个)均低于提取水样(曲壳藻属154个、菱形藻属Ⅰ 44个、菱形藻属Ⅱ 45个、双壁藻属33个、桥弯藻属23个),而PHP消解法仅菱形藻属Ⅱ低于提取水样(P<0.05),同时其硅藻回收稳定性方面高于硝酸破机法。 结论 PHP消解法在肺组织硅藻提取效能方面优于传统的硝酸破机法,且在安全、环保等方面具有较大的优势,有望应用于溺死鉴定实践。

关键词: 法医病理学, 溺死, 硅藻检验, 蛋白酶-过氧化氢消解法

Abstract:

Objective To propose a novel forensic diatom examination method, namely the protease-hydrogen peroxide (PHP) digestion method, and to explore its potential application in forensic practice. Methods The PHP digestion method was applied to process lung tissues and compared with the traditional nitric acid digestion method in terms of diatom quantity, recovery rate, proportion of diatom fragments, and recovery efficiency of different diatom genera. Results The PHP digestion method showed higher diatom quantity, recovery rate, and proportion of diatom fragments compared to the traditional nitric acid digestion method with statistical significance. The average diatom recovery rate was as high as 93.95%. In the lung tissues digested with nitric acid, there were 65 Achnanthes, 36 Nitzschia Ⅰ, 22 Nitzschia Ⅱ, 20 Diploneis and 8 Cymbella, showing significantly lower recovery rates compared to water samples which had 154 Achnanthes, 44 Nitzschia Ⅰ, 45 Nitzschia Ⅱ, 33 Diploneis and 23 Cymbella. However, with the PHP digestion method, only Nitzschia Ⅱ showed a lower recovery rate compared to water samples (P<0.05). At the same time, the diatom recovery stability of the PHP digestion method was higher than that of the nitric acid digestion method. Conclusion The PHP digestion method is superior to the traditional nitric acid digestion method in the lung tissue diatom extraction efficiency. Additionally, it holds significant advantages in safety, environmental protection, and other aspects. It is expected to be applied in forensic drowning identification.

Key words: forensic pathology, death from drowning, diatom examination, protease-hydrogen peroxide digestion method

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