法医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 537-544.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.450307

• 专家共识 • 上一篇    下一篇

抗精神病药相关阴性解剖的死因鉴定专家共识

李立亮1(), 张建华2, 陈峰3, 赵锐4, 郭亚东5, 王振原6, 周亦武7, 官大威4(), 丛斌8()   

  1. 1.复旦大学法医学与法庭科学学院,上海 200032
    2.司法鉴定科学研究院 上海市法医学重点实验室 司法部司法鉴定重点实验室 上海市司法鉴定专业技术服务平台,上海 200063
    3.南京医科大学基础医学院,江苏 南京 211166
    4.中国医科大学法医学院,辽宁 沈阳 110122
    5.中南大学湘雅基础医学院,湖南 长沙 410013
    6.西安交通大学法医学院,陕西 西安 710061
    7.华中科技大学同济医学院法医学系,湖北 武汉 430074
    8.河北医科大学法医学院,河北 石家庄 050017
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-12 发布日期:2026-02-27 出版日期:2025-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 官大威,丛斌
  • 作者简介:李立亮(1987—),男,副教授,博士研究生导师,主要从事法医病理学教学、科研及鉴定;E-mail:liliangli11@fudan.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金资助项目(82322033);国家自然科学基金面上项目(82470265)

Expert Consensus on Cause of Death Determinations in Antipsychotics-Related Deaths with Negative Autopsy Findings

Li-liang LI1(), Jian-hua ZHANG2, Feng CHEN3, Rui ZHAO4, Ya-dong GUO5, Zhen-yuan WANG6, Yi-wu ZHOU7, Da-wei GUAN4(), Bin CONG8()   

  1. 1.School of Forensic Medicine and Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    2.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
    3.School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
    4.School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
    5.Xiangya School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
    6.College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    7.Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
    8.College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
  • Received:2025-03-12 Online:2026-02-27 Published:2025-12-25
  • Contact: Da-wei GUAN, Bin CONG

摘要:

抗精神病药是一类需要长期甚至终身服用的精神类药物,也是司法鉴定中需要常规筛查的一类药(毒)物。使用抗精神病药后临床上常检见QT间期延长、室上性心动过速、传导阻滞等体征,服用者死后阴性解剖比例较高,因此涉及抗精神病药的死因鉴定具有特殊性和挑战性。目前,由于缺乏针对这类阴性解剖案件的有效检测指标及法医学鉴定规范,法医学工作者在处理这类案件时,往往仅作出排除性或推测性死因诊断,导致司法鉴定意见的科学性和专业性容易遭到质疑。针对这一问题,本共识综合国内法医学及相关行业专家意见,归纳了此类疑难案件在法医毒物学及分子鉴识层面的最新证据,提出了在案情调查、检材提取及实验室检验(测)中的操作建议,旨在为抗精神病药相关阴性解剖的死因鉴定提供科学证据,更好地将法医病理学、法医毒物学和法医遗传学证据结合起来,为相关鉴定工作的开展提供参考。

关键词: 法医病理学, 法医毒物学, 抗精神病药, 死因鉴定, 分子鉴识, 专家共识

Abstract:

Antipsychotics are a category of psychotropic medications that often require long-term or even lifelong administration, and they are also routinely screened in forensic examinations. Clinically, the use of antipsychotics can usually cause observed signs, such as QT interval prolongation, supraventricular tachycardia and conduction block. A relatively high proportion of deaths among individuals taking these medications present as negative autopsies, making cause of death determination in cases involving antipsychotics particularly unique and challenging. At present, due to the lack of effective detection indicators and standardized forensic protocols for such negative autopsy cases, forensic scientists often can only provide exclusionary or presumptive cause of death determinations. This situation frequently calls into question the scientific rigor and professional credibility of forensic opinions. To address this issue, this consensus integrates opinions from domestic forensic and related field experts, summarizes the latest evidence from forensic toxicology and molecular identification relevant to such difficult cases, and provides recommendations for case investigation, sampling and laboratory testing of such cases. It aims to offer scientific evidence for cause of death determination in antipsychotics-related deaths with negative autopsy findings, to better integrate evidence from forensic pathology, forensic toxicology, and forensic genetics, and to serve as a reference for conducting related forensic identifications.

Key words: forensic pathology, forensic toxicology, antipsychotics, cause of death determination, molecular identification, expert consensus

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