法医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 456-467.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.450404

所属专题: 法医微生物学专题

• 法医微生物学专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

温度对尸体不同组织微生物群落演替及死亡时间推断的影响

陈吉1(), 赵俞蓉2(), 黄馨1, 屈轶龄1,3, 路艳芳1, 邢宇1,4, 张晗1, 曾建业1, 李士林1(), 张素华1()   

  1. 1.复旦大学法庭科学研究院,上海 200032
    2.复旦大学生命科学学院,上海 200438
    3.四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院,四川 成都 610041
    4.内蒙古医科大学基础医学院法医学系,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010110
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-02 发布日期:2026-01-27 出版日期:2025-10-25
  • 通讯作者: 李士林,张素华
  • 作者简介:陈吉(1996—),女,博士研究生,主要从事法医遗传学和法医微生物学研究;E-mail:chenji@fudan.edu.cn
    赵俞蓉(2003—),女,主要从事微生物组学研究;E-mail:zyrguanghuanfa@outlook.com
    第一联系人:陈吉和赵俞蓉为共同第一作者
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82371896);国家自然科学基金资助项目(82471920)

Effect of Temperature on Microbial Succession in Different Tissues of Cadavers and Estimation of Postmortem Interval

Ji CHEN1(), Yu-rong ZHAO2(), Xin HUANG1, Yi-ling QU1,3, Yan-fang LU1, Yu XING1,4, Han ZHANG1, Jian-ye ZENG1, Shi-lin LI1(), Su-hua ZHANG1()   

  1. 1.Institute of Forensic Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    2.School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
    3.West China School of Preclinical Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
    4.Department of Forensic Medicine, Basic Medicine College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
  • Received:2025-04-02 Online:2026-01-27 Published:2025-10-25
  • Contact: Shi-lin LI, Su-hua ZHANG

摘要:

目的 探索大鼠不同组织在不同温度条件下微生物群落的分布特征及其随死亡时间(postmortem interval,PMI)的动态变化规律,分析温度和组织类型对尸体微生物演替的影响。 方法 96只大鼠断颈后死后分别置于常温(20 ℃,48只)、高温(40 ℃,24只)和低温(-20 ℃,24只)环境,于不同PMI采集横膈膜、肺、直肠、睾丸及子宫组织样本。通过16S rRNA基因V3~V4区高通量测序分析微生物群落组成,结合α多样性、β多样性、门和属水平物种分布、PMI相关生物标志物分析及物种差异分析,系统比较温度与组织类型对微生物演替的影响。 结果 常温条件下的微生物多样性呈“先升后降”的非线性趋势;高温条件加速了微生物演替进程,微生物多样性在24 h即显著降低;低温条件使微生物群落演替减缓,使微生物多样性维持在较高的水平并呈现稳定的物种分布。直肠的微生物群落结构与其他组织存在显著差异。变形菌门(Proteobacteria),尤其是变形杆菌属(Proteus)在常温48 h后和高温24 h后在各组织均出现相对丰度显著上升。 结论 不同温度条件下多组织微生物群落的动态演替规律证实了温度对微生物多样性和物种分布的调控作用,为基于微生物组的PMI推断方法的优化提供了重要依据。

关键词: 法医病理学, 法医微生物学, 微生物组学, 死亡时间推断, 16S rRNA, 温度, 大鼠

Abstract:

Objective To explore the distribution characteristics of microbial communities in various rat tissues under different temperature conditions and their dynamic changes over the postmortem interval(PMI), and to analyze the effects of temperature and tissue type on microbial succession in cadavers. Methods A total of 96 rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and then placed under room temperature (20 ℃, n=48), high temperature (40 ℃, n=24), and low temperature (-20 ℃, n=24) conditions. Tissue samples from the diaphragm, lung, rectum, testis, and uterus were collected at various PMIs. Microbial community composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 regions. α-diversity, β-diversity, phylum- and genus-level species distributions, PMI-associated biomarkers analysis and species differential analysis were employed to systematically compare the effects of temperature and tissue type on microbial succession. Results Under room temperature, microbial diversity exhibited a nonlinear trend, initially increasing and then decreasing. High temperature condition accelerated microbial succession and resulted in a significant decrease in microbial diversity within 24 hours. Low temperature slowed the succession, maintaining relatively high diversity and stable species distribution. The rectal microbial community differed significantly from those in other tissues. The phylum Proteobacteria, especially the genus Proteus, showed a significant increase in relative abundance in various tissues after 48 hours at room temperature and 24 hours at high temperature. Conclusion The dynamic succession patterns of microbial communities in multiple tissues under different temperature conditions confirm the significant regulatory effect of temperature on microbial diversity and species distribution, providing an important basis for optimizing microbiome-based PMI estimation methods.

Key words: forensic pathology, forensic microbiology, microbiomics, postmortem interval estimation, 16S rRNA, temperature, rats

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