法医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 244-251.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440606

• 技术与应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

3种溺死相关浮游生物检验方法用于诊断溺死的比较

张晓峰1(), 苏秦2, 陈晓晖2, 吴伟斌2, 郑冬云2, 赵建2, 陈玲1, 徐曲毅2(), 刘超1,3()   

  1. 1.南方医科大学法医学院,广东 广州 510515
    2.广州市刑事科学技术研究所 法医病理学公安部重点实验室,广东 广州 510442
    3.广东省毒品实验技术中心 国家毒品实验室广东分中心,广东 广州 510230
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2025-08-29 出版日期:2025-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 徐曲毅,刘超
  • 作者简介:张晓峰(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事法医物证学研究;E-mail:xfzhang0731@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82371901);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFC3303902);公安部科技计划资助项目(2022JC35);公安部刑事技术“双十计划”推广项目(2022SSTG01)

Comparison of Three Drowning‑related Plankton Testing Methods in Drowning Diagnosis

Xiao-feng ZHANG1(), Qin SU2, Xiao-hui CHEN2, Wei-bin WU2, Dong-yun ZHENG2, Jian ZHAO2, Ling CHEN1, Qu-yi XU2(), Chao LIU1,3()   

  1. 1.School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Forensic Pathology, Ministry of Public Security, Guangzhou 510442, China
    3.Nation Anti-Drug Laboratory, Guangdong Regional Center, Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510230, China
  • Received:2024-06-20 Online:2025-08-29 Published:2025-06-25
  • Contact: Qu-yi XU, Chao LIU

摘要:

目的 比较浮游生物多重聚合酶链反应-毛细管电泳检测法(polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis,PCR-CE)、SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR法(real-time quantitative PCR,qPCR)及微波消解-真空抽滤-自动扫描电子显微镜法(microwave digestion-vacuum filtration-automated scanning electron microscopy,MD-VF-Auto SEM)在溺死诊断中的应用效果。 方法 采用3种溺死相关浮游生物检验方法对212例溺死尸体及30例非溺死尸体的肺、肝、肾组织进行检验,比较3种方法在各组织中浮游生物的检出率。 结果 对于溺死尸体,PCR-CE法、qPCR法、MD-VF-Auto SEM法在溺死组尸体中的总检出率分别为93.9%、96.2%、95.3%,三者间总检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);MD-VF-Auto SEM法在肺组织中的检出率(100.0%)高于PCR-CE法及qPCR法(P<0.05),3种方法在肝、肾组织中的检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对于非溺死尸体,仅MD-VF-Auto SEM法在部分肝、肾组织中检出少量硅藻(小于10个/10 g),其余两种方法检测结果均为阴性。 结论 3种方法对溺死尸体均有良好的检验效能。MD-VF-Auto SEM法通过扫描电镜直接观察硅藻的形态特征且定性定量分析直观准确,对疑难降解检材的检验具有较大优势。PCR-CE法和qPCR法检材需求量少(0.5 g)、操作简单、检测时间短(4~7 h),易于在基层推广,适用于水中尸体的快速溺死诊断。两种DNA方法与MD-VF-Auto SEM法相结合,可以提高浮游生物的检出率,确保检验结果的可靠性,联合使用在溺死诊断应用中具有重要意义。

关键词: 法医病理学, 溺死, 多重聚合酶链反应-毛细管电泳检测法, 实时荧光定量PCR, 微波消解-真空抽滤-自动扫描电子显微镜法, 浮游生物

Abstract:

Objective To compare the application effects of plankton multiplex polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis (PCR-CE), SYBR Green Ⅰ real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and microwave digestion-vacuum filtration-automated scanning electron microscopy (MD-VF-Auto SEM) in the diagnosis of drowning. Methods Lung, liver and kidney tissues from 212 drowned corpses and 30 non-drowned corpses were examined respectively by the three drowning-related plankton testing methods, and the detection rates of plankton in each tissue by three methods were compared. Results In drowned corpses, the total detection rates of PCR-CE, qPCR, and MD-VF-Auto SEM were 93.9%, 96.2%, and 95.3%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The detection rate of lung tissue by MD-VF-Auto SEM (100%) was higher than those of PCR-CE and qPCR (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the detection rates of the three methods in liver or kidney tissues (P>0.05). In non-drowning corpses, a small number of diatoms (less than 10 cells/10 g) were detected by MD-VF-Auto SEM method, only in liver and kidney tissues, while the other two methods yielded negative results for all tissues. Conclusion All three methods have good efficacy in the examination of drowned corpses. The MD-VF-Auto SEM method directly observes diatom morphological characteristics through scanning electron microscopy, and the qualitative and quantitative analyses are intuitive and accurate. It has great advantages in the examination of difficult degradation samples. The PCR-CE method and qPCR method have a low sample demand (0.5 g), are easy to operate and have short detection time (4-7 h). They are easy to be applied in the grassroots departments and are suitable for the rapid determination of drowned corpses in routin cases. The combination of the two DNA methods with the MD-VF-Auto SEM method can increase the detection rate of plankton, ensuring the reliability of examination results. This combined use is of significant importance in the application of drowning diagnosis.

Key words: forensic pathology, drowning, polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis (PCR-CE), real-time quantitative PCR, microwave digestion-vacuum filtration-automated scanning electron microscopy (MD-VF-Auto SEM), plankton

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