法医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 120-126.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440404

• 综述中毒的法医学鉴定专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

阿霉素心脏毒性机制研究及法医学应用

张帅(), 许弘飞, 张志湘, 王盈, 朱少华()   

  1. 苏州大学基础医学院法医学系,江苏 苏州 215123
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-12 发布日期:2025-08-11 出版日期:2025-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 朱少华
  • 作者简介:张帅(1994—),男,博士研究生,主要从事法医病理学和法医毒理学研究;E-mail:15225377016@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82171871)

Research on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity Mechanism and Its Forensic Application

Shuai ZHANG(), Hong-fei XU, Zhi-xiang ZHANG, Ying WANG, Shao-hua ZHU()   

  1. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiang-su Province, China
  • Received:2024-04-12 Online:2025-08-11 Published:2025-04-25
  • Contact: Shao-hua ZHU

摘要:

阿霉素是常用的一种抗肿瘤药物,用于治疗多种癌症,但严重的心脏毒性限制了其在临床上的广泛应用。目前,根据阿霉素的作用剂量和持续时间,其诱导的心脏毒性主要分为急性和慢性,最终可能会导致心力衰竭。阿霉素心脏毒性发病机制涉及氧化应激、线粒体损伤、钙超载、自噬失调和细胞凋亡。法医学实践中关于阿霉素引起的中毒甚至心脏性死亡的案例,经常规法医病理学检验显示心脏无明显形态学改变。本文旨在总结近年来阿霉素诱导心脏毒性作用机制的研究,分析讨论阿霉素可能引起心肌细胞损伤的途径,为阿霉素致心脏毒性的作用机制研究和法医学应用提供参考。

关键词: 法医病理学, 法医毒理学, 阿霉素, 心脏毒性, 药物作用机制, 综述

Abstract:

Doxorubicin is a commonly used antitumor drug for the treatment of various cancers. However, its clinical application is greatly restricted by its severe cardiotoxicity. At present, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is categorized into acute and chronic forms, depending on the dosage and duration of exposure, which may eventually lead to the occurrence of heart failure. The pathogenesis of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, calcium overload, dysregulation of autophagy, and apoptosis. In forensic medical practice, cases of poisoning or even cardiac death caused by doxorubicin showed no obvious changes in cardiac morphology through routine forensic pathological examinations. The paper aims to summarize the research on the mechanisms of action of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in recent years, analyze and discuss the possible pathways of cardiomyocyte injury caused by doxorubicin, and provide references for research on the mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and forensic application.

Key words: forensic pathology, forensic toxicology, doxorubicin, cardiotoxicity, mechanism of drug action, review

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