 
    法医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 168-175.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.340104
        
               		袁宇浩1( ), 余仲昊1, 张佳欣1, 马龙达1, 赵枢泉1, 刘宁国2, 吴荣奇3, 张飚4, 廖信彪5, 陈新3(
), 余仲昊1, 张佳欣1, 马龙达1, 赵枢泉1, 刘宁国2, 吴荣奇3, 张飚4, 廖信彪5, 陈新3( ), 何光龙6(
), 何光龙6( ), 周亦武1(
), 周亦武1( )
)
                  
        
        
        
        
    
收稿日期:2024-01-25
									
				
									
				
									
				
											发布日期:2025-08-11
									
				
											出版日期:2025-04-25
									
			通讯作者:
					陈新,何光龙,周亦武
							作者简介:袁宇浩(1995—),男,博士研究生,主要从事神经退行性疾病研究;E-mail:362736952@qq.com
				
							
        
               		Yu-hao YUAN1( ), Zhong-hao YU1, Jia-xin ZHANG1, Long-da MA1, Shu-quan ZHAO1, Ning-guo LIU2, Rong-qi WU3, Biao ZHANG4, Xin-biao LIAO5, Xin CHEN3(
), Zhong-hao YU1, Jia-xin ZHANG1, Long-da MA1, Shu-quan ZHAO1, Ning-guo LIU2, Rong-qi WU3, Biao ZHANG4, Xin-biao LIAO5, Xin CHEN3( ), Guang-long HE6(
), Guang-long HE6( ), Yi-wu ZHOU1(
), Yi-wu ZHOU1( )
)
			  
			
			
			
                
        
    
Received:2024-01-25
									
				
									
				
									
				
											Online:2025-08-11
									
				
											Published:2025-04-25
									
			Contact:
					Xin CHEN, Guang-long HE, Yi-wu ZHOU   
							摘要:
胰岛素是一种重要的蛋白质类激素,参与多种合成代谢途径。生物合成人胰岛素已广泛应用于1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病的治疗。目前,国内外报道的胰岛素中毒案件逐渐增多,胰岛素他杀也不再是“杀人无痕”的手段。现今,国内法医学领域对于胰岛素中毒尚无系统的鉴定方案。本文介绍了胰岛素中毒的原因、毒理特性、法医学检验以及实验室检验方法与指标的参考范围,根据鉴定实践及研究结果,参考国内外胰岛素中毒相关研究,旨在为胰岛素中毒案件法医学鉴定指南的制定提供建议和参考。
中图分类号:
袁宇浩, 余仲昊, 张佳欣, 马龙达, 赵枢泉, 刘宁国, 吴荣奇, 张飚, 廖信彪, 陈新, 何光龙, 周亦武. 胰岛素中毒的法医学鉴定指南建议[J]. 法医学杂志, 2025, 41(2): 168-175.
Yu-hao YUAN, Zhong-hao YU, Jia-xin ZHANG, Long-da MA, Shu-quan ZHAO, Ning-guo LIU, Rong-qi WU, Biao ZHANG, Xin-biao LIAO, Xin CHEN, Guang-long HE, Yi-wu ZHOU. Recommendation for Forensic Identification Guidelines on Insulin Overdoes[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2025, 41(2): 168-175.
| 检材 | 常温 | 4 ℃ | -20 ℃ | -80 ℃ | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 注射部位 | / | >2周[ | / | / | 
| 血清 | 24 h[ | / | 4周[ | 40周[ | 
| 尿液 | / | / | 8周[ | / | 
| 玻璃体液 | 24 h[ | 2周[ | 4周[ | / | 
表1 不同环境温度下各生物检材中胰岛素的保存时间
Tab. 1 Preservation time of insulin in various biological samples under different environmental temperatures
| 检材 | 常温 | 4 ℃ | -20 ℃ | -80 ℃ | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 注射部位 | / | >2周[ | / | / | 
| 血清 | 24 h[ | / | 4周[ | 40周[ | 
| 尿液 | / | / | 8周[ | / | 
| 玻璃体液 | 24 h[ | 2周[ | 4周[ | / | 
| 检材 | 健康人群 | 胰岛素治疗人群 | 胰岛素过量致死案例 | 
|---|---|---|---|
| 血清 | 禁食后:2~35 μU/mL[ 进食后:<200 μU/mL[ | 26~71 μU/mL[ | 0.2~18 015 μU/mL,中位数338 μU/mL[ | 
| 注射部位 | / | / | 15.9~200 000 μU/g[ | 
| 尿液 | <0.2 μU/mL[ | / | 28.4~118 μU/mL[ | 
| 玻璃体液 | <0.2 μU/mL[ | 2.2 μU/mL[ | 6.3~103 μU/mL[ | 
| 胆汁 | 低于血清[ | / | 0.57~768 μU/mL[ | 
| 脑脊液 | 远低于血清[ | / | 2.3~63 μU/mL[ | 
表2 各生物检材中胰岛素浓度的参考范围
Tab. 2 Reference ranges of insulin concentration in various biological samples
| 检材 | 健康人群 | 胰岛素治疗人群 | 胰岛素过量致死案例 | 
|---|---|---|---|
| 血清 | 禁食后:2~35 μU/mL[ 进食后:<200 μU/mL[ | 26~71 μU/mL[ | 0.2~18 015 μU/mL,中位数338 μU/mL[ | 
| 注射部位 | / | / | 15.9~200 000 μU/g[ | 
| 尿液 | <0.2 μU/mL[ | / | 28.4~118 μU/mL[ | 
| 玻璃体液 | <0.2 μU/mL[ | 2.2 μU/mL[ | 6.3~103 μU/mL[ | 
| 胆汁 | 低于血清[ | / | 0.57~768 μU/mL[ | 
| 脑脊液 | 远低于血清[ | / | 2.3~63 μU/mL[ | 
| 检测时间 | 健康人群 | 胰岛素过量致死案例 | 
|---|---|---|
| 生前 | 0.120(禁食后)~0.470(进食后)[ | >1[ | 
| 死后 | 0.387(24 h内)~0.660(24 h以上)[ | >1,平均值为6[ | 
表3 血清中胰岛素与C肽的浓度比值参考范围
Tab. 3 Reference ranges of the concentration ratio of insulin to C-peptide in serum
| 检测时间 | 健康人群 | 胰岛素过量致死案例 | 
|---|---|---|
| 生前 | 0.120(禁食后)~0.470(进食后)[ | >1[ | 
| 死后 | 0.387(24 h内)~0.660(24 h以上)[ | >1,平均值为6[ | 
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