法医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 160-167.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.340303

• 案例分析中毒的法医学鉴定专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

美沙酮相关中毒案例分析

李泽绮1(), 邢蕾1, 张慧鸽1, 何丽柔1, 张佳奕1, 汪佳琪1, 刘世豪1, 杨卫红2()   

  1. 1.郑州大学第一临床医学院临床医学系,河南 郑州 450001
    2.郑州大学基础医学院法医学系,河南 郑州 450001
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-03 发布日期:2025-08-11 出版日期:2025-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 杨卫红
  • 作者简介:李泽绮(2004—),女,主要从事临床医学研究;E-mail:2944964976@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技厅项目(222102310186);郑州大学课程思政教育教学改革示范课程重点项目(2022ZZUKCSZ044)

Analysis of Methadone-Related Poisoning Cases

Ze-qi LI1(), Lei XING1, Hui-ge ZHANG1, Li-rou HE1, Jia-yi ZHANG1, Jia-qi WANG1, Shi-hao LIU1, Wei-hong YANG2()   

  1. 1.Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
    2.Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
  • Received:2024-03-03 Online:2025-08-11 Published:2025-04-25
  • Contact: Wei-hong YANG

摘要:

目的 分析美沙酮相关中毒案例的特点,为法医学鉴定提供参考。 方法 在PubMed、万方、中国知网等数据库检索到1998—2023年报道的国内美沙酮相关中毒案例共71例,2013—2018年意大利美沙酮相关死亡案例26例,统计其一般信息以及法医病理学和毒理学特征。 结果 在国内71例美沙酮相关中毒案例中,中毒未死亡54例(76.06%),中毒死亡17例(23.94%)。男性54例(76.06%),年龄19~39岁者51例(71.83%)。单纯美沙酮中毒35例(49.30%);美沙酮合用海洛因、苯二氮卓类药物等毒品或药物致中毒32例(45.07%)。大多数中毒者表现为昏迷、呼吸抑制及瞳孔缩小。尸体检验多见一般的窒息征象。6例死亡者血液中美沙酮质量浓度范围为0.112~3.000 mg/L。在意大利26例美沙酮相关死亡案例中,男性22例(84.62%)。单纯美沙酮中毒死亡6例(23.08%),美沙酮合用其他毒品或药物死亡20例(76.92%),血液中美沙酮质量浓度范围为0.181~4.059 mg/L。 结论 国内单纯美沙酮中毒者和美沙酮合用其他药物或毒品致中毒者比例相当。绝大部分中毒死亡者表现出典型的昏迷、呼吸抑制及瞳孔缩小三联征,这有助于确定美沙酮相关死亡原因。此外,鉴定实践中需提高死者体内美沙酮及其合用药物或毒品质量浓度检测的普遍性,为相关案件的结果解释积累数据。

关键词: 法医病理学, 法医毒理学, 美沙酮, 中毒, 死因分析, 案例分析

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the characteristics of methadone-related poisoning cases and provide a reference for forensic identification. Methods A total of 71 cases of methadone-related poisoning reported from 1998 to 2023 in China and 26 cases of methadone-related deaths reported from 2013 to 2018 in Italy were retrieved from databases including PubMed, Wanfang and CNKI. The general information, forensic pathological and toxicological characteristics were analyzed. Results Among the 71 methadone-related poisoning cases in China, there were 54 cases (76.06%) of poisoning without death and 17 cases (23.94%) of death from poisoning. There were 54 male cases (76.06%), and 51 cases (71.83%) aged 19 to 39 years old. There were 35 cases (49.30%) of poisoning caused by methadone alone, and 32 cases (45.07%) were poisoning caused by methadone combined with other substances or drugs including heroin and benzodiazepines. Most of the poisoned showed coma, respiratory depression and miosis. Signs of asphyxia were often found by autopsy. The mass concentration of methadone detected in the blood of 6 deceased ranged from 0.112 to 3.000 mg/L. Among the 26 methadone-related deaths in Italy, 22 cases were male (84.62%). There were 6 cases (23.08%) caused by methadone alone, and 20 cases (76.92%) died from methadone combined with other substances or drugs. The mass concentration of methadone in blood ranged from 0.181 to 4.059 mg/L. Conclusion The proportions of poisoning cases caused by methadone alone and methadone combined with other substances or drugs are comparable in China. The majority of deceased caused by methadone poisoning shows typical triad of coma, respiratory depression and miosis, which helps forensic experts determine the cause of death related to methadone. Additionally, it is necessary to increase the routine testing of the concentration of methadone and its combined substances or drugs in deceased, and collect data for the interpretation of the results of related cases.

Key words: forensic pathology, forensic toxicology, methadone, poisoning, analysis of death cause, cases analysis

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