法医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 111-119.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440206

• 综述中毒的法医学鉴定专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

米酵菌酸中毒的法医学研究进展

陈轩龙1(), 袁强2, 孙勇3, 张碟1, 伏建斌4, 李立亮1()   

  1. 1.复旦大学基础医学院法医学系,上海 200032
    2.安吉县公安局刑事科学技术室,浙江 湖州 313302
    3.上海市公安局宝山分局刑事科学技术研究所,上海 201999
    4.银川市公安局物证鉴定所,宁夏 银川 750011
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-26 发布日期:2025-08-11 出版日期:2025-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 李立亮
  • 作者简介:陈轩龙(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事法医病理学研究;E-mail:1109629472@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82470265);国家自然科学基金资助项目(82322033)

Forensic Research Progress on Bongkrekic Acid Poisoning

Xuan-long CHEN1(), Qiang YUAN2, Yong SUN3, Die ZHANG1, Jian-bin FU4, Li-liang LI1()   

  1. 1.Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    2.Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Anji Public Security Bureau, Huzhou 313302, Zhejiang Province, China
    3.Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Baoshan Branch of Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai 201999, China
    4.Institute of Forensic Science, Yinchuan Municipal Public Security Bureau, Yinchuan 750011, China
  • Received:2024-02-26 Online:2025-08-11 Published:2025-04-25
  • Contact: Li-liang LI

摘要:

米酵菌酸是一种性质稳定、无特殊气味的毒素,存在于食用谷物的发酵制品,薯类制品,变质的银耳、木耳以及泡发时间过久的木耳等食物中,容易引起食源性中毒。目前尚缺乏完善的米酵菌酸检测方法,且尚无特效解毒剂,因此米酵菌酸中毒容易被误诊、漏诊,致死率高。近年来,有研究提示了米酵菌酸的毒性机制,发现米酵菌酸能使部分含有硫醇基(-SH)的酶失活、抑制腺苷三磷酸(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)的合成与转运,导致肝、肾、脑等实质器官损害。本文梳理了国内外米酵菌酸中毒死亡的解剖学案例和文献,系统总结米酵菌酸中毒的概况、临床表现、病理学改变、毒理机制、检测方法、鉴定要点及挑战,以期为相关案件的法医学鉴定提供参考。

关键词: 法医病理学, 法医毒理学, 米酵菌酸, 中毒, 综述

Abstract:

Bongkrekic acid (BA) is a toxin with stable properties and no distinctive smell. It exists in common foods such as fermented edible grain products, potato products, spoiled tremella fuciformis and auricularia polytricha, as well as auricularia polytricha that has been soaked too long. It can easily cause food poisoning. At present, there is still a lack of complete method to detect BA, and no specific antidote of BA has been found. Therefore, BA poisoning is easy to be misdiagnosed or missed diagnosed, and its mortality rate remains high. In recent years, studies have revealed the toxic mechanism of BA and found that BA can inactivate some enzymes containing thiol groups (-SH) and inhibit the synthesis and transport of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), causing damage to liver, kidney, brain and other parenchymal organs. This article reviews the autopsy cases and literature of deaths caused by BA poisoning at home and abroad, systematically summarizes the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathological changes, toxicological mechanisms, detection methods, forensic diagnostic key points and challenges of BA in forensic medicine, with the aim of providing a reference for forensic identification of related cases.

Key words: forensic pathology, forensic toxicology, bongkrekic acid, poisoning, review

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