法医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 127-135.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.341002

• 综述中毒的法医学鉴定专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

氯胺酮的分子生物学机制及毒性效应

左雨蒙1,2,3(), 韩卫1,2,3(), 张建波1,2,3, 李涛1,2,3()   

  1. 1.西安交通大学法医学院,陕西 西安 710061
    2.西安交通大学生物证据研究院 法医损伤研究所,陕西 西安 710061
    3.西安交通大学卫健委重点实验室,陕西 西安 710061
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-19 发布日期:2025-08-11 出版日期:2025-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 韩卫,李涛
  • 作者简介:左雨蒙(1999—),女,硕士,主要从事法医学研究;E-mail:Zymzxw@stu.xjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82072112);陕西省中药管理局资助项目(2021-ZZ-JC037)

Molecular Mechanisms and Toxic Effects of Ketamine

Yu-meng ZUO1,2,3(), Wei HAN1,2,3(), Jian-bo ZHANG1,2,3, Tao LI1,2,3()   

  1. 1.College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    2.Institute of Forensic Injury, Bio-evidence Sciences Academy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    3.Key Laboratory of National Health Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
  • Received:2024-10-19 Online:2025-08-11 Published:2025-04-25
  • Contact: Wei HAN, Tao LI

摘要:

氯胺酮是一种解离性麻醉剂,临床上作为手术麻醉剂或麻醉诱导剂,具有一定精神依赖性,滥用可导致神经损伤、不良情绪反应等毒副作用。氯胺酮发挥药理作用的主要机制为阻滞N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体,此外,也通过α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异噁唑丙酸受体、阿片受体、γ-氨基丁酸受体、单胺能受体、胆碱能受体、超极化激活的环核苷酸门控通道、电压门控钠通道和L型电压依赖性钙通道等途径发挥作用。本文对氯胺酮发挥药理学作用的分子生物学机制及毒性效应进行总结,以期为鉴别氯胺酮毒性效应的症状表型和滥用氯胺酮的鉴定等法医学应用提供依据。

关键词: 法医病理学, 法医毒理学, 氯胺酮, 分子生物学机制, 毒性效应, 综述

Abstract:

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic. It is clinically used as a surgical anesthetic or anesthetic inducer and has a certain degree of mental dependence. Its abuse can lead to nerve damage, adverse emotional reactions and other toxic side effects. The primary mechanism by which ketamine exerts its pharmacological effects is to block N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR). It also functions through pathways such as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isox-azolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR), opioid receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, monoaminergic receptors, cholinergic receptors, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, voltage-gated sodium channels, and L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC). This article summarizes the molecular mechanism and toxic effects of ketamine’s pharmacological functions, in order to provide a basis for forensic applications such as the identification of symptomatic phenotypes of ketamine toxic effects and the identification of ketamine abuse.

Key words: forensic pathology, forensic toxicology, ketamine, molecular mechanism, toxic effect, review

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