法医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 237-243.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.540404

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

牙线来源的生物样本采集、DNA提取及STR分型

李泽琴(), 原芳, 刘娜, 严江伟, 张更谦()   

  1. 山西医科大学法医学院 法医学山西省重点实验室,山西 晋中 030619
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-16 发布日期:2025-06-06 出版日期:2025-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 张更谦
  • 作者简介:李泽琴(1988—),女,博士,副教授,主要从事法医遗传学研究;E-mail:zqli@sxmu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划子课题(2023YFF0614601-1);山西省基础研究计划资助项目(20210302123313)

Dental Floss-derived Biological Sample Collection, DNA Extraction and STR Typing

Ze-qin LI(), Fang YUAN, Na LIU, Jiang-wei YAN, Geng-qian ZHANG()   

  1. School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2024-04-16 Online:2025-06-06 Published:2025-06-25
  • Contact: Geng-qian ZHANG

摘要:

目的 通过分析牙线样本采集方式、DNA提取方法、保存条件及取样部位对样本STR分型成功率的影响,评估使用过的牙线作为个体识别生物学证据来源的法医学应用价值。 方法 分别采用直接剪取法、棉签擦拭法和植绒拭子擦拭法采集牙线样本,应用Chelex法、过柱法和磁珠法提取DNA,使用Qubit试剂盒和人类DNA分型试剂盒(白金)进行DNA定量以及STR分型。对保存环境(温湿度、紫外辐射)和取样部位(线部、柄部)DNA浓度以及STR分型进行评估。 结果 通过对平均DNA质量浓度、基因座检出率和STR分型准确率3项关键指标进行统计分析,直接剪取法采集效能最高、棉签擦拭法次之、植绒拭子擦拭法效能最低,通过直接剪取法获得的样本平均DNA质量浓度大于(4.94±1.87) ng/μL,基因座检出率和STR分型准确率达到100%。无论采用直接剪取法、棉签擦拭法或植绒拭子擦拭法采集的样本,通过磁珠法提取DNA,其3项关键指标的检测结果均优于过柱法和Chelex法。环境条件对样本DNA分析有较大影响,尤其是55 ℃/50%RH放置35 d的样本STR分型准确率下降至(81.82±12.31)%,暴露于紫外辐射12 h的样本STR分型准确率下降至(55.46±34.31)%。从牙线柄部所提取DNA的平均浓度极低,STR分型准确率仅为(30.91±27.35)%。 结论 选用棉签擦拭或直接剪取牙线样本线部,并配合磁珠法提取DNA,能最大程度保证DNA浓度与质量。此外,检材需避光保存于低温低湿环境并避免紫外辐射。

关键词: 法医遗传学, STR分型, 样本采集, DNA提取, 牙线

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the forensic application value of used dental floss as a source of biological evidence for individual identification by analyzing the effects of dental floss sample collection methods, DNA extraction methods, preservation conditions, and sampling sites on the success rate of STR typing. Methods Dental floss samples were collected using three techniques: direct cutting, cotton swab wiping, and flocked swab wiping, respectively. DNA was extracted respectively by the Chelex, spin column-based and magnetic bead-based methods. DNA quantification and STR typing were performed using the Qubit kit and FGI HumDNA Typing kit (Platinum), respectively. Storage environments (temperature and humidity, ultraviolet radiation) and sampling locations (the floss part, the handle part) on DNA quantity and STR typing were evaluated. Results Through conducting a statistical analysis of three key indicators of average DNA mass concentration, STR locus detection rate, and typing accuracy rate, the direct cutting method demonstrated the highest efficacy, followed by cotton swab wiping mothed, and the flocked swab wiping method had the lowest efficacy. Direct cutting yielded an average DNA mass concentration greater than (4.94±1.87) ng/μL, with STR locus detection and accuracy rates of 100%. Bead-based DNA extraction method produced superior DNA concentration and quality compared to spin column-based and Chelex methods, regardless of whether the sampling technique used. Preservation conditions had a significant impact on the DNA analysis of samples. Particularly, the STR typing accuracy of samples preserved at 55 ℃/50%RH for 35 days dropped to (81.82±12.31)%, and that of samples exposed to ultraviolet radiation for 12 h dropped to (55.46±34.31)%. DNA concentration from the handle part of dental floss was extremely low, with an STR typing accuracy of only (30.91±27.35)%. Conclusion Using cotton swabs to wipe or directly cutting the thread of dental floss samples, and combining this approach with the magnetic bead method for DNA extraction, can best guarantee the concentration and quality of DNA. In addition, samples should be stored in low-temperature, low-humidity environment, protected from light and ultraviolet radiation.

Key words: forensic genetics, STR typing, sample collection, DNA extraction, dental floss

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