Abstract: Sudden infant death syndrome is known as sudden death in 12 months postnatal without obvious cause,the cause of death and differential diagnosis of still couldn′t be indefinite so far.In this paper,the recent studies on the SIDS neuropathology using immunohisto- chemical technology were reviewed in order to suggest the lethal patho-physiologic derangement or mechanism in SIDS involves dysfunction of sleep-related cardio-respiratory homeostatic controls or failure to arouse. Thus the main cause of SIDS lies in central nerve system,but not unique cause.

Key words: SIDS, neuropathology, immunohistochemistry