法医学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 176-185.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.320801
收稿日期:
2022-08-10
发布日期:
2023-06-06
出版日期:
2023-04-25
通讯作者:
刘伟
作者简介:
陈航(1988—),男,博士,副主任法医师,主要从事法医毒物分析研究;E-mail:chenh@ssfjd.cn基金资助:
Hang CHEN(), Jing HU(
), Zheng QIAO, Hong-xiao DENG, Min LÜ, Wei LIU(
)
Received:
2022-08-10
Online:
2023-06-06
Published:
2023-04-25
Contact:
Wei LIU
摘要:
生物基质标准物质是一类目标物与生物基质相结合的标准物质。生物基质标准物质与法医毒物领域所涉及的真实检材具有更高的一致性,其应用对提升检测结果的精确度具有积极作用。本文针对法医毒物领域常见的3种生物检材(血液、尿液和头发)对应的基质标准物质的研究进行综合阐述,重点介绍相应生物基质标准物质的制备工艺研究进展和部分现有产品及其参数评价,以期为法医毒物领域生物基质标准物质的研制及应用提供参考。
中图分类号:
陈航, 胡婧, 乔正, 邓虹霄, 吕敏, 刘伟. 法医毒物领域生物基质标准物质的研究进展[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(2): 176-185.
Hang CHEN, Jing HU, Zheng QIAO, Hong-xiao DENG, Min LÜ, Wei LIU. Research Progress on Biological Matrix Reference Materials in Forensic Toxicology[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2023, 39(2): 176-185.
1 | 国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 通用计量术语及定义: [S].2011. |
General Administration of Quality Supervision. Ge-neral terms in metrology and their definitions: [S]. 2011. | |
2 | 全浩,韩永志. 标准物质及其应用技术[M].2版.北京:中国标准出版社,2003:1-2. |
QUAN H, HAN Y Z. Reference materials and their application techniques[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: China Standards Publishing Press,2003:1-2. | |
3 | RIVIER L. Criteria for the identification of compounds by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-multiple mass spectrome-try in forensic toxicology and doping analysis[J]. Anal Chim Acta,2003,492(1/2):69-82. doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00889-4 . |
4 | 马颖,祁景琨,王冠杰,等. 标准物质特性分析和量值溯源中应注意的事项[J].中国药事,2012,26(11):1228-1231. doi:10.16153/j.1002-7777.2012.11.012 . |
MA Y, QI J K, WANG G J, et al. Notice in refe-rence materials analyzing and metrological tracing[J]. Zhongguo Yaoshi,2012,26(11):1228-1231. | |
5 | IHNAT M. Biological reference materials for quality control of elemental composition analytical data[J]. J Radioanal Nucl Chem,2000,245(1):65-72. doi:10 . |
1023/A:1006711315669. | |
6 | BRAGA F, PANTEGHINI M. Commutability of reference and control materials: An essential factor for assuring the quality of measurements in laboratory medicine[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med,2019,57(7):967-973. doi:10.1515/cclm-2019-0154 . |
7 | 张宁,翟晚枫,花锋,等. 中外法庭科学标准化研究现状比较与发展趋势[J].刑事技术,2021,46(1):73-81. doi:10.16467/j.1008-3650.2021.0014 . |
ZHANG N, ZHAI W F, HUA F, et al. Forensic science standardization research: Sino-overseas status comparison and development trend[J]. Xingshi Jishu,2021,46(1):73-81. | |
8 | 关颖雄. ISO/TC 272法庭科学国际标准化工作进展简析[J].标准科学,2018(11):165-168. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5698.2018.11.034 . |
GUAN Y X. Preliminary analysis on the progresses of forensic science international standardization by ISO/TC 272[J]. Biaozhun Kexue,2018(11):165-168. | |
9 | WISE S A, PHILLIPS M M. Evolution of reference materials for the determination of organic nutrients in food and dietary supplements-a critical review[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem,2019,411(1):97-127. doi:10.1007/s00216-018-1473-0 . |
10 | 刘素丽,王宏伟,赵梅,等. 食品中基体标准物质研究进展[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2019,10(1):8-13. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-0381.2019.01.002 . |
LIU S L, WANG H W, ZHAO M, et al. Research progress of matrix reference materials for food[J]. Shipin Anquan Zhiliang Jiance Xuebao,2019,10(1):8-13. | |
11 | QUEVAUVILLER P, BENNINK D, BØWADT S. Critical outlook and trends for environmental refe-rence materials at the Measurements & Testing Generic Activity (European Commission)[J]. Fresenius J Anal Chem,2001,370(1):11-15. doi:10.1007/s002160100766 . |
12 | KVASKOFF D, HEATH A K, SIMILA H A, et al. Minimizing matrix effects for the accurate quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolites in dried blood spots by LC-MS/MS[J]. Clin Chem,2016,62(4):639-646. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2015.251538 . |
13 | CHARLIER B, COGLIANESE A, DE ROSA F, et al. The effect of plasma protein binding on the therapeutic monitoring of antiseizure medications[J]. Pharmaceutics,2021,13(8):1208. doi:10.3390/phar maceutics13081208 . |
14 | 严慧,史格非,沈敏. 基于文献计量学指标的法医毒物学研究状况分析[J].中国司法鉴定,2019(4):29-37. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2019.04.005 . |
YAN H, SHI G F, SHEN M. Analysis of forensic toxicology research status based on bibliometric indicators[J]. Zhongguo Sifa Jianding,2019(4):29-37. | |
15 | 常靖,王芳琳,张泽楠,等. 法医毒物检验中毒物的快速筛查与检测研究进展[J].中国法医学杂志,2015,30(1):49-51,55. doi:10.13618/j.issn.1001-5728.2015.01.014 . |
CHANG J, WANG F L, ZHANG Z N, et al. The development of quick scan and detection for toxic in forensic toxicology[J]. Zhongguo Fayixue Zazhi,2015,30(1):49-51,55. | |
16 | CZERWINSKA J, PARKIN M C, GEORGE C, et al. Pharmacokinetics of mephedrone and its metabolites in whole blood and plasma after controlled intranasal administration to healthy human volunteers[J]. J Anal Toxicol,2021,45(7):730-738. doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa134 . |
17 | LAFRENIERE N M, WATTERSON J H. Detection of acute fentanyl exposure in fresh and decomposed skeletal tissues part Ⅱ: The effect of dose-death interval[J]. Forensic Sci Int,2010,194(1/2/3):60-66. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.10.008 . |
18 | 冯晓杰,杜丽英,冯章英,等. LC-MS/MS法测定人血药浓度的基质效应研究进展[J].中国新药杂志,2015,24(13):1488-1492,1497. |
FENG X J, DU L Y, FENG Z Y, et al. Research progress of matrix effect in determining blood concentration by LC-MS/MS[J]. Zhongguo Xinyao Za-zhi,2015,24(13):1488-1492,1497. | |
19 | LEMPERS V J C, ALFFENAAR J W C, TOUW D J, et al. Five year results of an international proficiency testing programme for measurement of antifungal drug concentrations[J]. J Antimicrob Chemother,2014,69(11):2988-2994. doi:10.1093/jac/dku 242 . |
20 | 刘芳. 全蛋液中恩诺沙星药物残留基体标准物质的研制[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2018. |
LIU F. Development of the certified reference material of enrofloxacin residue in whole liquid egg[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2018. | |
21 | 赵秀峰,高孝礼,曹磊,等. 土壤界限含水率标准物质研制[J].岩矿测试,2021,40(4):583-592. doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202008280119 . |
ZHAO X F, GAO X L, CAO L, et al. Preparation of certified reference materials for soil limit water content[J]. Yankuang Ceshi,2021,40(4):583-592. | |
22 | MALM J, DANMYR P, NILSSON R, et al. Blood plasma reference material: A global resource for proteomic research[J]. J Proteome Res,2013,12(7):3087-3092. doi:10.1021/pr400131r . |
23 | LIU H, WONG L, YONG S, et al. Commutable whole blood reference materials for hemoglobin A1c validated on multiple clinical analyzers[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med,2019,57(5):648-658. doi:10.1515/cclm-2018-0861 . |
24 | TAI S S C, PRENDERGAST J L, SNIEGOSKI L T, et al. Certification of drugs of abuse in a human serum standard reference material: SRM 1959[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem,2010,397(2):501-509. doi:10.1007/s00216-010-3603-1 . |
25 | MURPHY K E, GUTHRIE W F, VETTER T W, et al. Comparison of clinical methods with isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrome-try for the new standard reference material 955c lead in caprine blood[J]. J Anal At Spectrom,2009,24(9):1170-1178. doi:10.1039/B903060C . |
26 | GANGNUS T, BURCKHARDT B B. Low-volume LC-MS/MS method for the pharmacokinetic investigation of carvedilol, enalapril and their metabolites in whole blood and plasma: Application to a pae-diatric clinical trial[J]. Drug Test Anal,2021,13(3):694-708. doi:10.1002/dta.2949 . |
27 | MONTENARH D, WERNET M P, HOPF M, et al. Quantification of 33 antidepressants by LC-MS/MS -- Comparative validation in whole blood, plas-ma, and serum[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem,2014,406(24):5939-5953. doi:10.1007/s00216-014-8019-x . |
28 | IHARA H, WATANABE T, HASHIZUME N, et al. Commutability of National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference material 1955 homocysteine and folate in frozen human serum for total folate with automated assays[J]. Ann Clin Biochem,2010,47(Pt 6):541-548. doi:10.1258/acb.2010. 010094 . |
29 | 王磊,王鲁霞,刘延平,等. 冻融对高效液相色谱-质谱联用法检测鸡蛋中氟苯尼考稳定性的影响[J].肉类工业,2020(10):48-53. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-5467.2020.10.011 . |
WANG L, WANG L X, LIU Y P, et al. Effect of freeze-thaw on the stability of florfenicol detected by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methodin eggs[J]. Roulei Gongye,2020(10):48-53. | |
30 | CHOQUETTE S J, DUEWER D L, SHARPLESS K E. NIST reference materials: Utility and future[J]. Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif),2020,13(1):453-474. doi:10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115314 . |
31 | YISHAI AVIRAM L, MAGEN M, CHAPMAN S, et al. Dry Blood Spot sample collection for post-exposure monitoring of chemical warfare agents - in vivo determination of phosphonic acids using LC-MS/MS[J]. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci,2018,1093/1094:60-65. doi:10.1016/j.jchro mb.2018.06.035 . |
32 | 刘伟,陈航,严慧,等. 一种人血液/尿液中有机毒物分析冻干质控品及其制备方法:2020109565027[P].2021-02-19. |
LIU W, CHEN H, YAN H, et al. A freeze-dried quality control substance for analysis of organic toxicants in human blood/urine and a preparation method thereof: 2020109565027[P]. 2021-02-19. | |
33 | REISFIELD G M, GOLDBERGER B A, BERTHOLF R L. Choosing the right laboratory: A review of clinical and forensic toxicology services for urine drug testing in pain management[J]. J Opioid Manag,2015,11(1):37-44. doi:10.5055/jom.2015.0250 . |
34 | CHUTIPONGTANATE S, THONGBOONKERD V. Systematic comparisons of artificial urine formulas for in vitro cellular study[J]. Anal Biochem,2010,402(1):110-112. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2010.03.031 . |
35 | OTAKE T, NAKAYAMA S F, ISOBE T, et al. Development of artificial urine certified reference material for quantification of neonicotinoid insecticides[J]. J AOAC Int,2020,103(6):1469-1477. doi:10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa061 . |
36 | MARCHI I, RUDAZ S, VEUTHEY J L. Sample preparation development and matrix effects evaluation for multianalyte determination in urine[J]. J Pharm Biomed Anal,2009,49(2):459-467. doi:10 . |
1016/j.jpba.2008.11.040. | |
37 | 唐云彪,武毅,王英武,等. 液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人体血浆和尿液中必特螺旋霉素时的基质效应[J].质谱学报,2003,24(S1):75-76,68. |
TANG Y B, WU Y, WANG Y W, et al. Matrix effects in the determination of bitespiramycin in human plasma and urine with LC-MS/MS[J]. Zhipu Xuebao,2003,24(S1):75-76,68. | |
38 | SANDER L C, BYRD G D. A cotinine in freeze-dried urine reference material[J]. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol,1989,94(5):305-309. doi:10.6028/jres. 094.028 . |
39 | 程雅婷,赵蓓蓓,李维,等. 一种空白尿液基质及其用途:201810947531.X[P].2019-01-11. |
CHENG Y T, ZHAO B B, LI W, et al. A blank urine matrix and its use: 201810947531.X[P]. 2019-01-11. | |
40 | CRAFT N E, BYRD G D, HILPERT L R. Preparation and certification of standard reference material 1507: 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in freeze-dried urine[J]. Anal Chem,1989,61(6):540-544. doi:10.1021/ac00181a008 . |
41 | YU L L, JARRETT J M, DAVIS W C, et al. Charac-terization of perchlorate in a new frozen human urine standard reference material[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem,2012,404(6/7):1877-1886. doi:10.1007/s00216- 012-6263-5 . |
42 | SPERLINGOVÁ I, DABROWSKÁ L, STRÁNSKÝ V, et al. Human urine certified reference material CZ 6009: Creatinine, styrene metabolites (mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid)[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem,2004,378(5):1208-1212. doi:10.1007/s00216-003-2222-5 . |
43 | SPERLINGOVÁ I, DABROWSKÁ L, STRÁNSKÝ V, et al. Human urine certified reference material CZ 6010: Creatinine and toluene metabolites (hippuric acid and o-cresol) and a benzene metabolite (phenol)[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem,2007,387(7):2419-2424. doi:10.1007/s00216-006-0708-7 . |
44 | MUNTON E, MURBY J, HIBBERT D B, et al. Systematic comparison of δ13C measurements of testosterone and derivative steroids in a freeze-dried urine candidate reference material for sports drug testing by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry and uncertainty evaluation using four different metrological approaches[J]. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom,2011,25(11):1641-1651. doi:10.1002/rcm.4983 . |
45 | 余建忠. 一种适用于活性海产品提取物的冷冻干燥装置:2020204269130[P].2020-10-27. |
YU J Z. A freeze-drying device suitable for active seafood extracts: 2020204269130[P]. 2020-10-27. | |
46 | 张凡,吕铮,王海玲,等. 一种含毒死蜱的黄瓜冻干粉基质标准物质的研制[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2021,12(1):262-268. doi:10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.2021.01.051 . |
ZHANG F, LÜ Z, WANG H L, et al. Development of a standard substance for freeze-dried cucumber powder matrix containing chlorpyrifos[J]. Shipin Anquan Zhiliang Jiance Xuebao,2021,12(1):262-268. | |
47 | SHEENA U, PARTHIBAN K G, SELVAKUMAR R. Lyophilized injection: A modern approach of injectable dosage form[J]. J Drug Deliv Ther,2018,8(5):10-18. doi:10.22270/jDDT.v8i5.1829 . |
48 | 周振宇,安卫东,赵亚荣,等. 尿沉渣白细胞标准物质研制[J].化学分析计量,2019,28(6):6-10. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-6145.2019.06.002 . |
ZHOU Z Y, AN W D, ZHAO Y R, et al. Development of reference materials for white blood cell in urine sediment[J]. Huaxue Fenxi Jiliang,2019,28(6):6-10. | |
49 | HABIBAGAHI A, SIDDIQUE S, HARRIS S A, et al. Challenges associated with quantification of selected urinary biomarkers of exposure to tobacco products[J]. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci,2021,1162:122490. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122490 . |
50 | CHEN Y, LIU H, LOH T P, et al. Measurement of urine albumin by liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry and its application to value assignment of external quality assessment samples and certification of reference materials[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med,2020,59(4):711-720. doi:10.1515/cclm-2020-0969 . |
51 | KROTULSKI A J, MOHR A L A, PAPSUN D M, et al. Metabolism of novel opioid agonists U-47700 and U-49900 using human liver microsomes with confirmation in authentic urine specimens from drug users[J]. Drug Test Anal,2018,10(1):127-136. doi:10.1002/dta.2228 . |
52 | ŠULÁKOVÁ A, NYKODEMOVÁ J, PALIVEC P, et al. 25CN-NBOMe metabolites in rat urine, human liver microsomes and C. elegans -- Structure determination and synthesis of the most abundant metabolites[J]. Metabolites,2021,11(4):212. doi:10.3390/metabo11040212 . |
53 | FLOROU D, BOUMBA V A. Hair analysis for new psychoactive substances (NPS): Still far from becoming the tool to study NPS spread in the community?[J]. Toxicol Rep,2021,8:1699-1720. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.09.003 . |
54 | PARK E, LEE J, LEE J, et al. Method for the simultaneous analysis of 300 pesticide residues in hair by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS, and its application to biomonitoring of agricultural workers[J]. Chemosphere,2021,277:130215. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130215 . |
55 | SALOMONE A, TSANACLIS L, AGIUS R, et al. European guidelines for workplace drug and alcohol testing in hair: Version 2.0[K/OL]. (2022-11-06)[2023-02-09]. . |
56 | HART E D, VIKINGSSON S, WINECKER R E, et al. Performance of hair testing for cocaine use-comparison of five laboratories using blind reference specimens[J]. J Anal Toxicol,2023,47(2):154-161. doi:10.1093/jat/bkac066 . |
57 | DEVEAUX M, KINTZ P, GOULLÉ J P, et al. The hair analysis proficiency testing program of the French Society of Analytical Toxicology[J]. Forensic Sci Int,2000,107(1/2/3):389-394. doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(99)00181-4 . |
58 | BECKER R, LÔ I, SPORKERT F, et al. The determination of ethyl glucuronide in hair: Experiences from nine consecutive interlaboratory comparison rounds[J]. Forensic Sci Int,2018,288:67-71. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.04.025 . |
59 | CUYPERS E, FLANAGAN R J. The interpretation of hair analysis for drugs and drug metabolites[J]. Clin Toxicol (Phila),2018,56(2):90-100. doi:10.1080/15563650.2017.1379603 . |
60 | YARITA T, INAGAKI S, MIYAMOTO A, et al. Characterization of scallop midgut gland certified reference material for quantification of diarrhetic shellfish toxins[J]. Food Chem,2019,298:125011. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125011 . |
61 | LEE S, PARK Y, YANG W, et al. Development of a reference material using methamphetamine abusers’ hair samples for the determination of methampheta-mine and amphetamine in hair[J]. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci,2008,865(1/2):33-39. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.01.039 . |
62 | LEE S, PARK Y, HAN E, et al. Preparation and application of a fortified hair reference material for the determination of methamphetamine and ampheta-mine[J]. Forensic Sci Int,2008,178(2/3):207-212. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.04.005 . |
63 | 向平,沈保华,严慧,等. 药物辅助性犯罪案件中新型苯二氮䓬类策划药2-氯地西泮的鉴定[J].法医学杂志,2018,34(3):248-252. doi:10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.03.006 . |
XIANG P, SHEN B H, YAN H, et al. Identification of new designer benzodiazepine diclazepam in drug facilitated sexual assault[J]. Fayixue Zazhi,2018,34(3):248-252. | |
64 | EDDER P, STAUB C, VEUTHEY J L, et al. Subcritical fluid extraction of opiates in hair of drug addicts[J]. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl,1994,658(1):75-86. doi:10.1016/0378-4347(94)00220-7 . |
65 | WELCH M J, SNIEGOSKI L T, TAI S. Two new standard reference materials for the determination of drugs of abuse in human hair[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem,2003,376(8):1205-1211. doi:10.1007/s00216-003-2061-4 . |
66 | NIELSEN M K K, JOHANSEN S S. Internal quality control samples for hair testing[J]. J Pharm Biomed Anal,2020,188:113459. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113459 . |
67 | JI J J, YAN H, XIANG P, et al. The distribution of quetiapine and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in guinea pig hair roots and shafts after repeated administration: Exploration of the mechanism of drug entry and retention in hair[J]. J Anal Toxicol,2021,45(9):1042-1051. doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa151 . |
68 | 王岩松,李兴权,王冬妍,等. 鸡肉冻干粉中恩诺沙星质控样品的制备与评价[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2021,12(3):1235-1239. doi:10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.2021.03.071 . |
WANG Y S, LI X Q, WANG D Y, et al. Preparation and evaluation of quality control samples of enrofloxacin residue in chicken freeze-dried powder[J]. Shipin Anquan Zhiliang Jiance Xuebao,2021,12(3):1235-1239. | |
69 | 董喆,曹进,胡越,等. 猪肉冻干粉中克伦特罗标准物质的制备[J].化学分析计量,2022,31(4):1-6. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-6145.2022.04.001 . |
DONG Z, CAO J, HU Y, et al. Preparation for reference material of clenbuterol in pork freeze-dried powder[J]. Huaxue Fenxi Jiliang,2022,31(4):1-6. | |
70 | MANIA M, REBENIAK M, SZYNAL T, et al. Total and inorganic arsenic in fish, seafood and seaweeds -- Exposure assessment[J]. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig,2015,66(3):203-210. |
71 | POURKHORSANDI H, DEBAILLE V, DE JONG J, et al. Cerium stable isotope analysis of synthetic and terrestrial rock reference materials by MC-ICPMS[J]. Talanta,2021,224:121877. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121877 . |
72 | HAN E, YANG W, LEE S, et al. Establishment of the measurement uncertainty of 11-nor-D9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in hair[J]. Forensic Sci Int,2011,206(1/2/3):e85-e92. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.11.028 . |
73 | MANETTI F, CHERICONI S, MARROCCO A, et al. Cannabis and driving: Developing guidelines for safety policies[J]. Curr Pharm Biotechnol,2023,24(6):719-727. doi:10.2174/1389201023666220616160459 . |
[1] | 贾鹏, 孙宏杰, 沈景如, 吴建国, 孙健, 冼绍文, 杨博文, 黄培军, 李宇宏, 吴准, 易旭夫. 脾实质内假性动脉瘤损伤程度鉴定1例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(3): 297-299. |
[2] | 李强, 黄效宇. 利用CT图像后处理技术及3D打印技术鉴定肋骨骨折1例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(3): 303-305. |
[3] | 刘晋廷, 周莉英, 相佳宏, 李子怡, 谢婉婷, 贠克明, 施妍. 哌嗪类新精神活性物质体内检测研究进展[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(3): 276-283. |
[4] | 季萌萌, 张昇, 徐红平. 跖骨部分缺失残疾等级评定1例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(3): 305-307. |
[5] | 方伟, 郑吉龙, 付奕铭, 刘轶. 利用犬类嗅觉搜索人体遗骸研究进展[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(3): 269-275. |
[6] | 杜珊珊, 陈焕. 交通事故后主动脉瓣穿孔法医学鉴定1例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(3): 293-296. |
[7] | 马陈骏, 谭勇, 张清华. 日本法医学专业人才培养模式及其借鉴[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(3): 284-290. |
[8] | 袁盼盼, 郑瓯翔, 沈寒坚. 胰腺破裂损伤程度及因果关系鉴定1例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(3): 300-302. |
[9] | 吴鹏, 剪宏伟, 王泽宇, 高学慧. 股骨颈纤维结构不良并骨折伤病关系及残疾等级评定1例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(3): 308-310. |
[10] | 杨泽人, 高东, 夏晴, 冉聃, 盛延良, 夏文涛. 不同测试体位对屈腕、屈指肌群定量肌力的影响及其标准化[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(3): 237-244,253. |
[11] | 董黄勇, 张恒, 王伟, 鲍斌, 耿斌, 巩昌强, 徐振中, 沈基骏, 胡于军, 原帅, 乔正. 1,4-丁二醇中毒死亡的法医学鉴定1例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(3): 311-313. |
[12] | 陈念念, 余娇芳, 吴鹏, 罗丽, 白雅琴, 王利凯, 李晓倩, 李展鹏, 高彩荣, 郭相杰. 基于代谢组学分析急性心肌梗死大鼠尿液代谢物变化[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(3): 227-236. |
[13] | 黄瑞亭, 陈新山. 宋慈精神与时代价值——纪念宋慈《洗冤集录》问世777周年[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(2): 192-195. |
[14] | 施蕾, 薛冶, 邱丽蓉, 鲁婷, 范飞, 周宇驰, 邓振华. 基于磁共振成像技术的牙龄推断研究进展[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(2): 112-117. |
[15] | 陈宁, 吴响, 沈寒坚. 肾破裂损伤程度及因果关系鉴定1例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(2): 221-223. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||