法医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 34-42.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.450906

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

尸体腐败阶段分期方法体系的法医学研究进展

贾琼1,2(), 靳开钧3, 刘诗琪3, 张祎萌4, 孟运乐2, 聂昊2, 胡胜2, 杨帆2, 赵兴春1,2(), 叶健1,2()   

  1. 1.中国人民公安大学,北京 100038
    2.公安部鉴定中心,北京 100038
    3.山西医科大学法医学院,山西 晋中 030001
    4.河北医科大学法医学院,河北 石家庄 050017
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2026-04-28 出版日期:2026-02-25
  • 通讯作者: 赵兴春,叶健
  • 作者简介:贾琼(1995—),女,博士研究生,主要从事法医物证学研究;E-mail:jiaqiong913@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82471922);公安部技术研究计划资助项目(2023JSYJC11);公安部科技强警基础工作专项资助项目(2023JC17)

Research Progress on the Methodological System for Decomposition Stage Classification in Forensic Medicine

Qiong JIA1,2(), Kai-jun JIN3, Shi-qi LIU3, Yi-meng ZHANG4, Yun-le MENG2, Hao NIE2, Sheng HU2, Fan YANG2, Xing-chun ZHAO1,2(), Jian YE1,2()   

  1. 1.People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
    2.Institute of Forensic Science of China, Beijing 100038, China
    3.School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030001, Shanxi Province, China
    4.College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
  • Received:2025-09-15 Online:2026-04-28 Published:2026-02-25
  • Contact: Xing-chun ZHAO, Jian YE

摘要:

准确划分尸体腐败阶段有利于死亡时间推断与初始腐败环境的溯源。尸体腐败阶段分期方法体系的研究正逐步从经验判断转向基于多维量化指标的建立。本文聚焦于“宏观形态演变”与“微观分子演替”两条路径,系统综述地表暴露、埋葬与水体三类典型环境介质中尸体腐败分期体系的演化规律与适用特征,梳理总结利用微生物组学与代谢组学特征构建分期判别模型的研究进展,重点探讨腐败特征量化技术、多组学数据整合以及机器学习算法在腐败分析体系中的融合应用,并分析其在构建标准化、可实战化腐败分期体系中的应用前景与挑战,以期为建立精度高、环境适应性强的尸体腐败分期体系提供理论支撑。

关键词: 法医病理学, 尸体腐败, 死亡后变化, 死亡时间推断, 腐败阶段分期, 综述

Abstract:

Accurate classification of postmortem decomposition stages is a critical step in estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) and tracing the initial decomposition environment. Research on the decomposition staging methodological system is gradually shifting from empirical observation to the establishment of systems based on multidimensional quantitative indicators. This paper focuses on two key pathways, “macroscopic morphological evolution” and “microscopic molecular succession”, and systema-tically reviews the evolutionary patterns and applicability of the decomposition staging system in three typical environmental media: surface exposure, burial, and aquatic systems. It also summarizes research progress in constructing stage classification models utilizing microbiome and metabolomic features. Furthermore, it highlights the integrated application of decomposition characteristic quantification techniques, multi-omics data integration, and machine learning algorithms in decomposition analysis systems. It analyzes the prospects and challenges of applying these approaches to build a standardized and practical decomposition staging system, aiming to provide theoretical support for establishing a decomposition staging system with high accuracy and strong adaptability to different environments.

Key words: forensic pathology, decomposition, postmortem changes, postmortem interval estimation, decomposition staging, review

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