Discussion on the Optimization and Standardization of Routine Histological Preparation Techniques in Forensic Pathology

doi:10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.460105

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Kaifei Deng, Jianhua Zhang, Zhengdong Li, Ningguo Liu. Discussion on the Optimization and Standardization of Routine Histological Preparation Techniques in Forensic Pathology[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2026, 42(4): 378-381.

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References 11

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腐败程度分级	颜色	质地	气味
轻度腐败	保持原有色调，结构可辨	稍软，指压轻度凹陷，稍有弹性	轻度臭味
中度腐败	暗红、灰褐色，结构模糊	明显软化，指压不回弹，无弹性	明显恶臭
重度腐败	灰黑色，结构不清	泥浆状、液化，无原有形态	极度恶臭

腐败程度分级	颜色	质地	气味
轻度腐败	保持原有色调，结构可辨	稍软，指压轻度凹陷，稍有弹性	轻度臭味
中度腐败	暗红、灰褐色，结构模糊	明显软化，指压不回弹，无弹性	明显恶臭
重度腐败	灰黑色，结构不清	泥浆状、液化，无原有形态	极度恶臭

组织类型	常见组织	倾角范围	附加措施
软烂组织	腐败脑、肝	2°~4°	充分预冷，厚度增至4~5 μm
坚硬组织	钙化或瘢痕组织	8°~10°	充分预冷，使用锋利刀片，可先脱钙，厚度3~4 μm
韧性组织	子宫肌瘤	4°~6°	使用锋利刀片、匀速慢切，厚度3~4 μm
脆性组织	脾、淋巴结	5°~7°	不宜过冷，厚度2~3 μm
混合质地	肺门、电流斑皮肤	5°~7°	充分预冷，使用锋利刀片，厚度4~5 μm

组织类型	常见组织	倾角范围	附加措施
软烂组织	腐败脑、肝	2°~4°	充分预冷，厚度增至4~5 μm
坚硬组织	钙化或瘢痕组织	8°~10°	充分预冷，使用锋利刀片，可先脱钙，厚度3~4 μm
韧性组织	子宫肌瘤	4°~6°	使用锋利刀片、匀速慢切，厚度3~4 μm
脆性组织	脾、淋巴结	5°~7°	不宜过冷，厚度2~3 μm
混合质地	肺门、电流斑皮肤	5°~7°	充分预冷，使用锋利刀片，厚度4~5 μm

腐败程度	苏木精染色时间	伊红染色时间	乙醇分色时间
轻度	10~15 min	30~60 s	15~20 s
中度	15~20 min	30~45 s	5~10 s
重度	20~30 min	30~45 s	5~8 s

Discussion on the Optimization and Standardization of Routine Histological Preparation Techniques in Forensic Pathology

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试剂	正常状态	更换指征
甲醛	无色透明、无沉淀	黄褐色、浑浊、有沉淀物
低浓度乙醇	无色透明、体积稳定	淡红色、浑浊、体积增大
高浓度乙醇	无色透明	淡黄色、乳白色
二甲苯	无色透明、流动性好	淡黄色、黏稠
石蜡	无杂质、无刺鼻气味	有杂质、二甲苯气味、摊片碎裂
苏木精	无氧化膜、细胞核着色鲜明	表面有氧化膜、结晶析出、核淡染
伊红	液体鲜红、染色均匀	颜色寡淡、染色不均

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