Journal of Forensic Medicine ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 261-268.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.350801
• Original Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
Mingjin YANG1(
), Meiyun HE2, Weian DU3, Pengfei MEI1, Xuelian CHENG2, Xin LIU1, Yuesen SHI1, Hao JIN1, Yiling HU1, Meixin HE1, Ling CHEN2, Chao LIU1,4(
)
Received:2025-08-04
Online:2026-09-09
Published:2026-06-25
Contact:
Chao LIU
CLC Number:
Mingjin YANG, Meiyun HE, Weian DU, Pengfei MEI, Xuelian CHENG, Xin LIU, Yuesen SHI, Hao JIN, Yiling HU, Meixin HE, Ling CHEN, Chao LIU. Enzyme Digestion LC-MS/MS Detection of Etomidate, Ketamine, Methamphe‑ tamine and Codeine in Hair[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2026, 42(3): 261-268.
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URL: http://www.fyxzz.cn/EN/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.350801
| 毒品 | 保留时间/min | 定量离子对 | 定性离子对 | 锥孔电压/V | 碰撞能量/eV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 依托咪酯 | 5.34 | 245.1/141.1 | 245.1/141.1 245.1/95.1 | 22 | 8,22 |
| 氯胺酮 | 3.43 | 238.1/207.1 | 238.1/207.1 238.1/125.1 | 30 | 25,10 |
| 甲基苯丙胺 | 2.97 | 150.1/119.1 | 150.1/119.1 150.1/91.1 | 30 | 15,8 |
| 可待因 | 2.37 | 300.1/215.1 | 300.1/215.1 300.1/165.1 | 24 | 20,50 |
Tab. 1 Mass spectrum parameters of the target compounds
| 毒品 | 保留时间/min | 定量离子对 | 定性离子对 | 锥孔电压/V | 碰撞能量/eV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 依托咪酯 | 5.34 | 245.1/141.1 | 245.1/141.1 245.1/95.1 | 22 | 8,22 |
| 氯胺酮 | 3.43 | 238.1/207.1 | 238.1/207.1 238.1/125.1 | 30 | 25,10 |
| 甲基苯丙胺 | 2.97 | 150.1/119.1 | 150.1/119.1 150.1/91.1 | 30 | 15,8 |
| 可待因 | 2.37 | 300.1/215.1 | 300.1/215.1 300.1/165.1 | 24 | 20,50 |
| DTT/(mg∙mL-1) | 依托咪酯 | 氯胺酮 | 甲基苯丙胺 | 可待因 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2.374±0.008 | 1.208±0.068 | 2.521±0.089 | 2.708±0.232 |
| 3 | 5.542±0.0821) | 3.648±0.4601) | 4.517±0.2781) | 8.601±0.4711) |
| 6 | 5.500±0.1251) | 4.011±0.4351) | 4.023±0.4871) | 8.321±0.1661) |
| 12 | 5.783±0.1521) | 3.589±0.9501) | 4.152±0.5851) | 7.865±0.6891) |
Tab. 2 Effect of DTT concentration on the extraction efficiency of the four target drugs
| DTT/(mg∙mL-1) | 依托咪酯 | 氯胺酮 | 甲基苯丙胺 | 可待因 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2.374±0.008 | 1.208±0.068 | 2.521±0.089 | 2.708±0.232 |
| 3 | 5.542±0.0821) | 3.648±0.4601) | 4.517±0.2781) | 8.601±0.4711) |
| 6 | 5.500±0.1251) | 4.011±0.4351) | 4.023±0.4871) | 8.321±0.1661) |
| 12 | 5.783±0.1521) | 3.589±0.9501) | 4.152±0.5851) | 7.865±0.6891) |
| 蛋白酶K/U∙mL-1 | 依托咪酯 | 氯胺酮 | 甲基苯丙胺 | 可待因 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2.439±0.157 | 2.381±0.110 | 0.400±0.002 | 0.584±0.027 |
| 2.5 | 2.705±0.124 | 2.701±0.0301) | 0.492±0.0461) | 0.719±0.070 |
| 5 | 3.139±0.2651) | 3.383±0.0521)2) | 0.600±0.0351)2) | 0.800±0.0351) |
| 10 | 3.025±0.2321) | 3.400±0.0721) | 0.581±0.0261) | 0.797±0.0811) |
Tab. 3 Effect of proteinase K concentration on the extraction efficiency of the four target drugs
| 蛋白酶K/U∙mL-1 | 依托咪酯 | 氯胺酮 | 甲基苯丙胺 | 可待因 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2.439±0.157 | 2.381±0.110 | 0.400±0.002 | 0.584±0.027 |
| 2.5 | 2.705±0.124 | 2.701±0.0301) | 0.492±0.0461) | 0.719±0.070 |
| 5 | 3.139±0.2651) | 3.383±0.0521)2) | 0.600±0.0351)2) | 0.800±0.0351) |
| 10 | 3.025±0.2321) | 3.400±0.0721) | 0.581±0.0261) | 0.797±0.0811) |
| 温度/℃ | 依托咪酯 | 氯胺酮 | 甲基苯丙胺 | 可待因 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 室温 | 1.793±0.331 | 1.038±0.056 | 0.466±0.021 | 0.247±0.010 |
| 37 | 2.449±0.2591) | 1.328±0.0381) | 1.372±0.0551) | 0.673±0.1791) |
| 48 | 3.486±0.2711)2) | 1.334±0.0401) | 1.360±0.0191) | 0.975±0.1371)2) |
| 58 | 3.657±0.4901)2) | 1.465±0.0161) | 1.812±0.1211)2) | 0.975±0.0731)2) |
| 68 | 3.497±0.2101)2) | 1.345±0.1281) | 1.624±0.1721)2)3) | 0.758±0.0221) |
Tab. 4 Effect of temperature on the extraction efficiency of the four target drugs
| 温度/℃ | 依托咪酯 | 氯胺酮 | 甲基苯丙胺 | 可待因 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 室温 | 1.793±0.331 | 1.038±0.056 | 0.466±0.021 | 0.247±0.010 |
| 37 | 2.449±0.2591) | 1.328±0.0381) | 1.372±0.0551) | 0.673±0.1791) |
| 48 | 3.486±0.2711)2) | 1.334±0.0401) | 1.360±0.0191) | 0.975±0.1371)2) |
| 58 | 3.657±0.4901)2) | 1.465±0.0161) | 1.812±0.1211)2) | 0.975±0.0731)2) |
| 68 | 3.497±0.2101)2) | 1.345±0.1281) | 1.624±0.1721)2)3) | 0.758±0.0221) |
| 酶解时间/min | 依托咪酯 | 氯胺酮 | 甲基苯丙胺 | 可待因 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 1.485±0.074 | 1.009±0.078 | 2.038±0.132 | 0.597±0.050 |
| 15 | 2.925±0.2361) | 2.395±0.3481) | 4.106±0.5641) | 1.216±0.2791) |
| 30 | 5.922±0.4691)2) | 3.208±0.1541)2) | 5.977±0.4711)2) | 2.124±0.2301)2) |
| 45 | 6.313±0.2211)2) | 3.555±0.1831)2) | 6.132±0.3481)2) | 2.555±0.0991)2) |
| 60 | 6.334±0.1081)2) | 3.593±0.2861)2) | 6.313±0.3421)2) | 2.843±0.2121)2)3) |
| 120 | 6.584±0.1291)2) | 3.610±0.2571)2) | 6.271±0.4031)2) | 2.915±0.2141)2)3) |
Tab. 5 Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis time on the extraction efficiency of the four target drugs
| 酶解时间/min | 依托咪酯 | 氯胺酮 | 甲基苯丙胺 | 可待因 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 1.485±0.074 | 1.009±0.078 | 2.038±0.132 | 0.597±0.050 |
| 15 | 2.925±0.2361) | 2.395±0.3481) | 4.106±0.5641) | 1.216±0.2791) |
| 30 | 5.922±0.4691)2) | 3.208±0.1541)2) | 5.977±0.4711)2) | 2.124±0.2301)2) |
| 45 | 6.313±0.2211)2) | 3.555±0.1831)2) | 6.132±0.3481)2) | 2.555±0.0991)2) |
| 60 | 6.334±0.1081)2) | 3.593±0.2861)2) | 6.313±0.3421)2) | 2.843±0.2121)2)3) |
| 120 | 6.584±0.1291)2) | 3.610±0.2571)2) | 6.271±0.4031)2) | 2.915±0.2141)2)3) |
| 毒品 | 线性范围 | 线性方程 | R2 | LOD | LOQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 依托咪酯 | 0.02~4.00 | y=324 691x-53 316.9 | 0.998 0 | 0.005 | 0.02 |
| 甲基苯丙胺 | 0.02~4.00 | y=711 422x-21 020.8 | 0.999 5 | 0.005 | 0.02 |
| 氯胺酮 | 0.02~4.00 | y=459 057x+85 405.8 | 0.998 0 | 0.005 | 0.02 |
| 可待因 | 0.04~4.00 | y=32 690x-2 631.6 | 0.999 8 | 0.010 | 0.04 |
Tab. 6 Linear ranges, regression equations, LOD and LOQ for the four target drugs
| 毒品 | 线性范围 | 线性方程 | R2 | LOD | LOQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 依托咪酯 | 0.02~4.00 | y=324 691x-53 316.9 | 0.998 0 | 0.005 | 0.02 |
| 甲基苯丙胺 | 0.02~4.00 | y=711 422x-21 020.8 | 0.999 5 | 0.005 | 0.02 |
| 氯胺酮 | 0.02~4.00 | y=459 057x+85 405.8 | 0.998 0 | 0.005 | 0.02 |
| 可待因 | 0.04~4.00 | y=32 690x-2 631.6 | 0.999 8 | 0.010 | 0.04 |
| 毒品 | 质量浓度/(ng∙mL-1) | 基质效应 | RSD | 平均回收率 | 日内RSD | 日间RSD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 依托咪酯 | 0.5 | -12.09 | 5.76 | 92.26 | 3.66 | 6.13 |
| 5 | -9.09 | 9.57 | 99.59 | 10.37 | 10.95 | |
| 50 | -1.03 | 5.33 | 91.38 | 6.77 | 7.90 | |
| 甲基苯丙胺 | 0.5 | -1.80 | 12.58 | 96.76 | 7.44 | 10.89 |
| 5 | -10.79 | 8.61 | 99.96 | 4.49 | 12.14 | |
| 50 | 2.69 | 9.30 | 100.32 | 3.55 | 9.53 | |
| 氯胺酮 | 0.5 | -2.88 | 9.15 | 100.40 | 9.05 | 11.29 |
| 5 | -7.44 | 8.07 | 95.20 | 5.32 | 5.50 | |
| 50 | 2.83 | 7.16 | 88.97 | 2.56 | 7.22 | |
| 可待因 | 0.5 | 4.62 | 8.19 | 104.05 | 7.29 | 15.11 |
| 5 | 5.36 | 11.28 | 100.24 | 8.44 | 10.36 | |
| 50 | 8.23 | 7.30 | 95.45 | 8.58 | 8.54 |
Tab. 7 Matrix effect, recoveries and precision data for the four target drugs
| 毒品 | 质量浓度/(ng∙mL-1) | 基质效应 | RSD | 平均回收率 | 日内RSD | 日间RSD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 依托咪酯 | 0.5 | -12.09 | 5.76 | 92.26 | 3.66 | 6.13 |
| 5 | -9.09 | 9.57 | 99.59 | 10.37 | 10.95 | |
| 50 | -1.03 | 5.33 | 91.38 | 6.77 | 7.90 | |
| 甲基苯丙胺 | 0.5 | -1.80 | 12.58 | 96.76 | 7.44 | 10.89 |
| 5 | -10.79 | 8.61 | 99.96 | 4.49 | 12.14 | |
| 50 | 2.69 | 9.30 | 100.32 | 3.55 | 9.53 | |
| 氯胺酮 | 0.5 | -2.88 | 9.15 | 100.40 | 9.05 | 11.29 |
| 5 | -7.44 | 8.07 | 95.20 | 5.32 | 5.50 | |
| 50 | 2.83 | 7.16 | 88.97 | 2.56 | 7.22 | |
| 可待因 | 0.5 | 4.62 | 8.19 | 104.05 | 7.29 | 15.11 |
| 5 | 5.36 | 11.28 | 100.24 | 8.44 | 10.36 | |
| 50 | 8.23 | 7.30 | 95.45 | 8.58 | 8.54 |
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