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28 October 2010, Volume 26 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Suppression of c-fos in Neuron Apoptosis Induced by Heroin LU PEI-YAN, LI ZE-HONG, GUO YONG, ET AL 2010, 26(5): 321-324.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.05.001 Abstract ( 1708 )   Objective To explore the changes of c-fos in apoptosis of cerebellar granular neuron of neonatal SD rats induced by heroin and the mechanisms of neuronal injury caused by heroin. Methods Primary cerebellar granular neuron were cultured in vitro, the model of apoptosis induced by heroin was established. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） and Western blotting were adopted to investigate the changes of c-fos in cell models. Results Ten μg/mL of heroin was the optimal dose to induce the apoptosis of cerebellar granular neuron at 48 h. Both Western blotting and RT-PCR showed down regulation of c-fos expression. Conclusion Heroin could induce apoptosis of cerebellar granular neuron and down regulation of c-fos, which may be one of the apoptosis mechanisms. Related Articles | Metrics

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Immunohistochemical Expression of HO-1 in Traumatic Human Brain Tissue PENG XUE, JIN ZHAN-FENG, SHAO HONG-JIANG, ET AL 2010, 26(5): 325-327,331.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.05.002 Abstract ( 1738 )   Objective To investigate the expression of heme oxygenase-1（HO-1） at different intervals and to provide evidence for estimation on injury intervals after brain contusion in human. Methods Twenty-four patients died of serious brain injury were assigned as injury group and 4 patients died of non-brain injury were served as control group. HO-1 expression was analyzed in brain tissue at different time intervals（3 h, 6-9 h, 12-24 h, 36 h-3 d, 5-8 d, 17-20 d） by immunohistochemistry and auto-image analysis system. Results The level of HO-1 expression started to increase in 3 h after brain contusion compared to the control group（P<0.05）. The level of HO-1 expression highest level in 12-24 h group, and maintained high level in 36 h-3 d, then decreased gradually. Conclusion The expression of HO-1 might be a strong evidence for human brain contusion time estimation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of CAR in Myocardial of Viral Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy XU HONG-FEI, CHEN JIAN-LEI, DA XU-PING, ET AL 2010, 26(5): 328-331.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.05.003 Abstract ( 1527 )   Objective In order to improve accuracy and reliability of forensic diagnosis of sudden cardiac death, pathogenesis and relationship between the viral myocarditis（VMC） and dilated cardiomyopathy（DCM） were investigated. Methods Improved immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of the CAR in myocardium samples， including 22 deceased with VMC, 20 deceased with DCM and 16 control deceased. Results The brown staining on the cell membrane of myocardium showed positive result. There was a prominent CAR expression in VMC group and DCM group , which were statistically significant difference compared with control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The CAR expression showed significantly higher in VMC and DCM groups. The viral infection can result in myocardial necrosis and impaired cardiac functions. These abnormalities can trigger a cascade of events that contributed to the progress of VMC to DCM. Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimation Time of Death by Necrophagous Flies Life Cycle CHEN LU-SHI, XU QING, SHI FENG 2010, 26(5): 332-335.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.05.004 Abstract ( 1641 )   Objective To study the nature of necrophagous flies, their developmental cycle and seasonal variation. Methods Animal corpse was used to be baiting. Eight kinds of necrophagous flies on their developmental cycle and the pattern of seasonal variation were analyzed. Results The community of necrophagous flies at high temperature in summer were more abundant than at low temperature in winter. Eight necrophagous flies through longer time at high temperature during every state than at low temperature. Conclusion  The life cycle and seasonal variation pattern of necrophagous flies could be used to estimate the time of death in practical cases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of mtDNA Extraction from Different Parts of Sarcosaphagous Insects GUO YA-DONG, CAI JI-FENG, SU RI-NA, ET AL 2010, 26(5): 336-339.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.05.005 Abstract ( 1637 )   Objective To explore mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） extraction effects of different parts from sarcosaphagous insects using improved cetyltriethylammnonium bromide（CTAB） method. Methods Thirteen Lucilia sericata（Meigen） and 13 Nicrophorus fossor（Erichson） were collected from the corpses of rabbits placed on the outdoor lawn in Huhehot district. Four parts （head, chest muscle, legs and wings） of insect were collected, and the mtDNA of all samples were extracted using CTAB method. The purity and concentration were tested using protein and nucleic acid spectrophotometry. The integrity of the extracted mtDNA and PCR products were checked by agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR products were sequenced and the obtained sequences were imputed into GenBank for comparison. Results mtDNA were successfully extracted from 10 head samples, 6 legs samples, 4 wing samples and 13 chest muscle samples of the Lucilia sericata（Meigen）. Also, mtDNA were successfully extracted from 5 head samples, 8 legs samples, 3 wing samples and 13 chest muscle samples of the Nicrophorus fossor（Erichson）. Conclusion mtDNA can be obtained from chest muscle and other parts of sarcosaphagous insects using the improved CTAB method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Bloodstain Formation Time by RNA Analysis XU YAN, JIANG WEI, PING YUAN, ET AL 2010, 26(5): 340-342.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.05.006 Abstract ( 1701 )   Objective To investigate the expression of 18S rRNA and β-actin mRNA in bloodstain between 8 and 15 days after death and extrapolate the time of bloodstain formation. Methods RNA in dried bloodstain at different times was extracted, then quantified for 18S rRNA and β-actin mRNA by real-time RT-PCR.  The bloodstain formation time was deduced based on the changes of the ratio of 18S rRNA to β-actin mRNA at different time points. Results The ratio of 18S rRNA to β-actin mRNA increased gradually with time, indicating that rRNA and mRNA degraded  in different rate with time. Conclusion The ratio of 18S rRNA to β-actin mRNA could be used for estimating the time of bloodstain formation in some period. Related Articles | Metrics

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InDel_typer30: A Multiplex PCR System for DNA Identification among Five Chinese Populations ZHAO SHU-MIN, ZHANG SU-HUA, LI CHENG-TAO 2010, 26(5): 343-348,356.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.05.007 Abstract ( 2050 )   Objective To develop a multiplex PCR system, using insertion/deletion（InDel） polymorphism markers, for forensic DNA identification among Han, Hui, Uighur, Mongolian and Tibetan populations in China. Methods Highly polymorphic InDel markers from human autosomes were selected using the Human Genome Browser in Galaxy system and dbSNP database. Multiplex PCR primer pairs of selected InDel markers were designed using Primer 3 software. The multiplex PCR system was developed using a five fluorescence dye labeling system. Genetic polymorphisms of selected InDel markers were investigated using the multiplex PCR system among five populations in China. Results A new multiplex genotyping system, named InDel_typer30, was successfully developed and validated in this study. The InDel_typer30 system consisted of 30 highly polymorphic InDel markers and 1 Amelogenin gender marker. The average expected heterozygosity of the 30 InDel markers was 0.464, 0.460, 0.453, 0.466 and 0.469 for the Han, Hui, Uighur, Mongolian and Tibetan populations, respectively. The average discrimination power was 0.595, 0.585, 0.586, 0.589 and 0.595 for the Han, Hui, Uighur, Mongolian and Tibetan populations, respectively. The cumulative discrimination power（CDP） were all above 0.999 999 999 996 for the 5 populations. Conclusion InDel_typer30 was a useful forensic DNA identification tool for human identification among Han, Hui, Uighur, Mongolian and Tibetan populations in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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STR Profiling of Genomic DNA from HE Stained Tissue Sections LIU YAN, ZHAO ZHEN-MIN, LI LI, ET AL 2010, 26(5): 349-352.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.05.008 Abstract ( 1831 )   Objective To develop a STR analysis method for analyzing DNA from stained tissue sections and to evaluate the capability of this protocol in forensic application. Methods Eight kinds of HE stained human tissue, for example heart, liver, lung and intestine, were collected from two autopsy cases. The genomic DNA from those tissues was extracted using a QIAgen kit. DNA quantitation was performed using the TaqMan PCR method. The concentration of DNA isolated was determined based on Ct values. Internal positive controls （IPC） were used to monitor inhibitors. DNA amplifications were performed using Identifiler PCR Amplification kit. PCR products were analyzed on 3100-Avant Genetic Analyzer. Results The concentrations of DNA obtained from all samples were greater than 1 ng/μL. PCR inhibition was not observed. However, DNA degradation, potentially due to the effect of residual formalin fixative, was observed among tissue samples stored for long periods of time. Conclusion Sufficient amounts of DNA were extracted from HE stained tissue sections. STR profiles were successfully generated. The number of genotype alleles detected decreased as sample storage time increased. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary Study on Civil Capacity Rating Scale for Mental Disabled Patients ZHANG QIN-TING, PANG YAN-XIA, CAI WEI-XIONG, ET AL 2010, 26(5): 353-356.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.05.009 Abstract ( 2342 )   Objective To create civil capacity rating scale for mentally disabled patients, and explore its feasibility during the forensic psychiatric expertise. Methods The civil capacity-related items were determined after discussion and consultation. The civil capacity rating scale for mentally disabled patients was established and the manual was created according to the logistic sequence of the assessment. The rating scale was used during the civil assessment in four institutes. Results There were 14 items in civil capacity rating scale for mentally disabled patients. Two hundred and two subjects were recruited and divided into three groups according to the experts’ opinion on their civil capacities: full civil capacity, partial civil capacity and no civil capacity. The mean score of the three groups were 2.32±2.45, 11.62±4.01 and 25.02±3.90， respectively, and there was statistical differences among the groups. The Cronbach α of the rating scale was 0.972 4, and during the split-reliability test, the two-splited part of the rating scale were highly correlated（r=0.972 9, P=0.000）. The Spearman correlative coefficient between each item and the score of the rating scale was from 0.643 to 0.882（P=0.000）. There was good correlation between the conclusion according to the rating scale and the experts’ opinion（k=0.841, P=0.000）. When the discriminate analysis was used, 7 items were included into the discrimination equation, and 92.6% subjects were identified as the correct groups using the equation. Conclusion There is satisfied reliability and validity on civil capacity rating scale for mentally disabled patients. The rating scale can be used as effective tools to grade their civil capacity during the forensic expertise. Related Articles | Metrics

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Toxicokinetics of Ketamine in Rabbits LIU LING, WEI ZHI-WEN, JIA JUAN, ET AL 2010, 26(5): 357-360.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.05.010 Abstract ( 1604 )   Objective To investigate the toxicokinetics profiles of ketamine and its main metabolite norketamine in rabbits. Methods The rabbits were administered orally the hydrochloride of ketamine with a dose of 0.15 g/kg. The serum and urine samples were collected before administration and at different time points after drug administration. The concentrations of ketamine and norketamine were determined by GC-NPD and GC-MS. Compartment model and toxicokinetics parameters were simulated and calculated by WinNorLin program. Changes of important vital signs of rabbits were recorded during the experiment. Results The mean serum concentration-time profile of ketamine and norketamine were fitted to a two-compartment open model with first order kinetics. The kinetic equation of ketamine and norketamine were pt=121.760 e-0.025 t+0.980 e-0.002 t+4.579 e-0.021 t and pt=640.919 e-0.03 t+1.023 e-0.001 t+9.784 e-0.031 t, respectively. The peak time and the peak concentration of ketamine in serum were （40.950±12.098） min and （9.015±1.344）ug/mL， respectively. The elimination half-time of ketamine in rabbits was （430.370±28.436） min. The serum and urine showed a middle relation in concentrations of ketamine during 30-240 min after drug administration. After oral administration ketamine to rabbits, the toxic symptom on the rabbits occurred at 30 min and disappeared after 120 min. Conclusion The toxicokinetics parameters and kinetic equation of ketamine and norketamine in rabbits may provide the theoretical basis for forensic identification of reasonable specimen collection and inferring the time of oral administration ketamine from the ketamine concentration in serum. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Analysis of LCN DNA Using Sample Concentration Methods Followed by miniSTR Genotyping GU LI-HUA, DONG YAN, ZHANG CHEN, ET AL 2010, 26(5): 361-363.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.05.011 Abstract ( 1762 )   Objective To optimize low copy number（LCN） DNA analysis methods for forensic STR genotyping. Methods Two groups of DNA sample, extracted using either Magnetic bead method or Chelex-100 methods, were previously amplified with a Identifiler PCR Amplification kit, but no genotype was detected. The DNA samples were concentrated using either a drying method or the Microcon-100 method, then amplified using an miniFilerTM PCR Amplification kit and genotyped. Results Among the 127 DNA samples, 47 samples, previously extracted using the Magnetic bead method, were genotyped with 36% success rate. Eighty samples, previously extracted using the Chelex-100 method, were genotyped with 30% success rate. Conclusion The application of sample concentration methods and miniFilerTM kit can improve the success rate of LCN STR analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Investigation of Event-related Brain Potentials in Malingered Neurocognitive Deficit GUO LEI, CHENG ZAO-HUO, LIU XIN-MIN 2010, 26(5): 364-366,373.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.05.012 Abstract ( 1563 )   In the fields of judicial psychiatric identification, about 40%-60% of the people maybe exaggerate their injury for personal profit. Though some psychological tests are effective in identification, they are limited in cunning liars. This article summarizes previous experimental mode, results and effects of event-related potential （ERP） in detecting cognitive malingering. ERP technology can be highly sensitive and specific. It is a kind of objective physiological index and is a promising technology in detecting cognitive malingering. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Present Study Situation and Application Prospect of Nail Analysis for Abused Drugs CHEN HANG, XIANG PING, SHEN MIN 2010, 26(5): 367-373.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.05.013 Abstract ( 1753 )   In forensic toxicology analysis, various types of biological samples have their own special characteristics and scope of applications. In this article, the physiological structure of nails, methods for collecting and pre-processing samples, and for analyzing some poisons and drugs in the nails are reviewed with details. This paper introduces the influence factors of drug abuse of the nails. The prospects of its further applications are concluded based on the research results. Nails， as an unconventional bio-sample without general application, show great potential and advantages in forensic toxicology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Metabonomics and Its Perspective on Forensic Medicine ZHANG GAO-QIN, WANG MEI, ZHANG DA-MING, ET AL 2010, 26(5): 374-380.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.05.014 Abstract ( 1885 )   Metabolomics is a new study， which use chromatography, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR）, capillary electrophoresis（CE） techniques on the cells, organs and other body fluids and metabolites in samples were isolated, purified and testing, re-use bioinformatics tools on the obtained data are analyzed to obtain one or a set of biomarker information.Based on analysis of the literatures in recent years, metabolomics was summarized from history, concept, advantage, methods, application, difficulties and challenges, journals and books, websites, and its application in forensic medicine was forecasted. As a new branch of global system biology, metabonomics developed rapidly, and its perspective on forensic medicine was feasible and very optimistic. Related Articles | Metrics