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28 August 2010, Volume 26 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Expression of Cannabinoid ReceptorⅠ during Mice Skin Incised Wound Healing Course ZHAO ZHEN-BIN, GUAN DA-WEI, LIU WEI-WEI, ET AL 2010, 26(4): 241-245.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.001 Abstract ( 1753 )   Objective To investigate the expression of cannabinoid receptor Ⅰ（CB1R） during mice skin incised wound healing course and time-dependent changes of CB1R in wound age determination. Methods The changes of CB1R expression in skin incised wound were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results The control group showed a low expression of CB1R detected mainly in epidermis, hair follicles, sebaceous gland and dermomuscular layer. CB1R expression was undetectable in neutrophils in the wound specimens from 6 h to 12 h post-injury. CB1R positive cells were mostly mononuclear cells（MNCs） and fibroblastic cells（FBCs） from 1 d to 5 d post-injury. CB1R positive cells were mostly FBCs from 7 d to 14 d post-injury. The ratio of the CB1R positive cells increased gradually in the wound specimens from 6 h to 3 d post-injury, reached peak level at 5 d, and then decreased gradually from 7 d to 14 d post-injury. The positive bands of CB1R were observed in all time points of the wound healing course by Western blotting. The expression peak showed at 5 d post-injury. Conclusion CB1R is activated during the wound healing course. The expression of CB1R is found in mononuclear cells, which could be involved in inflammation reaction. CB1R is observed in fibroblastic cells, which could participate in the wound healing. CB1R may be a potentially useful marker for determination of wound healing age. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Microtubule Associated Protein-2 mRNA after Cerebral Contusion LIANG XIN-HUA, FU JIE, SUN JUN-HONG, ET AL 2010, 26(4): 246-249.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.002 Abstract ( 1495 )   Objective To explore the mRNA expression of microtubule associated protein-2（MAP-2） after cerebral contusion, and to investigate its relationship with post-injury interval in a rat model of cerebral contusion. Methods Based on Feeney’s model of cerebral contusion, the time-dependent changes of MAP-2 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR method in different groups. Results MAP-2 mRNA showed a lower expression in the brain of the control group. The expression of MAP-2 mRNA decreased 1 h post-injury, and reached the lowest level at 6 h, and the expression of MAP-2 mRNA gradually increased in the focus of the cerebral contusion from 12 h to 14 d after contusion, which kept a high level up to 14 d post-injury. Conclusion The time-dependent changes of MAP-2 mRNA expression may be a new method for estimating the wound age of cerebral contusion in forensic practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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DNA Degradation of Porcine Retinal Cells for Estimation of Postmortem Interval FANG CHAO, LIN XIAO-HONG, JING HUA-LAN 2010, 26(4): 250-252.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.003 Abstract ( 1743 )   Objective To investigate DNA degradation of porcine retinal cells by single cell gel electrophoresis（SCGE） for estimation of postmortem interval（PMI）. Methods Degradation of retinal cells was observed by SCGE at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 h after death respectively, under the environmental conditions of being kept in dark place as well as a controlled temperature of （15±2） ℃ and humidity of （50±5）%. The comet pictures were captured by fluorescence microscope and analyzed by single cell gel electrophoresis（IMI 1.0）. Results From 2 h to 24 h postmortem, the degree of degradation of retinal DNA increased with the prolongation of PMI. The postmortem regression functions of head DNA%, LT/LH, IT/IH were y=92.227-5.188 x+0.019 x2+0.001 x3（R2=0.971）, y=0.035e0.191 x（R2=0.947）, y=0.099e0.264 x（R2=0.955）, respectively. Conclusion The examination of retinal cell DNA degradation by SCGE is useful for estimating PMI. Related Articles | Metrics

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Succession of Sarcosaphagous Insects at Summer and Autumn in Shijiazhuang Area YANG LING, CAI JI-FENG, LAN LING-MEI, ET AL 2010, 26(4): 253-256.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.004 Abstract ( 1594 )   Objective To study the succession of sarcosaphagous insects and their regular activity on carcass in Shijiazhuang area. Methods Nine rabbits were sacrificed and placed at the same site during June to September in 2007-2009. The common species of sarcosaphagous insects were observed. Results Nine main species could be identified belonging to 3 families and 4 genera from Diptera, including Musca domestica（Linnaeus）, Muscina stabulans（Fallén）, Hydrotaea（Ophyra） capensis（Wiedemann）, Hydrotaea（Ophyra） spinigera（Stein）, Lucilia sericata（Meigen）, Chrysomya megacephala（Fabricius）, Boerttcherisca Peregrina（Robineau-Desvoidy）, Parasarcophaga crassipalpi（Macquart） and Helicophagella melanura（Meigen）. Eleven main species belonging to 4 families from Coleoptera include Nicrophorus concolor（Kraatz）, Silpha carinata（Herbst）, Nicrophorus fossor（Eneshas）, Ptomascopus morio（Kraatz）, Eusilpha bicolor（Fairmaire）, Scarabaeus rugosus（Hausmann）, Harpalus rufipes（DeGeer）, Dolichus halensis（Schaller）, Goncephalum pusillum（Fabricius）, Cafius seminitens（Horn） and Aleochara pacifica（Casey）. Two main species from 2 families were Tetramorium caespitum（Linnaeus） and Vespa velutina（Lepeletier）. Conclusion It is evident that the succession of sarcosaphagous flies in Shijiazhuang with its unique geographical features. It may be used for estimating postmortem interval in Shijiazhuang area. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Acid-resistant Silicic Particles in Lung by Micro-XRF and Its Application in Diagnosis of Drowning HU SUN-LIN, WEN JIN-FENG, LAI WEN-BIN, ET AL 2010, 26(4): 257-259.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.005 Abstract ( 1605 )   Objective Using microbeam X-ray fluorescence（Micro-XRF） analyzer for determination of acid-resistant silicic particles in lung, and to explore its potential application in diagnosis of drowning. Methods Thirty two white rabbits were divided randomly into drowning group（n=12）, post-mortem immersion group （n=10） and control group （n=10）. Lungs and water sample were collected for determination of area concentration of acid-resistant silicic particles using Micro-XRF method. Results The area concentration of acid-resistant silicic particles for the drowning water sample was 4.4 mm2/mL. For the lungs of drowning group, the post-mortem immersion group and the control group, the determined average values were （25.30±10.95） mm2/g, （1.68±0.63） mm2/g and （1.65±0.85） mm2/g, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the drowning group and the other two groups. Conclusion The area concentration of acid-resistant silicic particles in lungs may be used as an indicator of drowning. The method is highly sensitive and rapid. It provides a potential application in drowning diagnosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Triptolide on Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis of Rats ZHU JIAN-HUA, HU YONG-LIANG, ZHANG WU, ET AL 2010, 26(4): 260-265.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.006 Abstract ( 1813 )   Objective To observe the effects of triptolide on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis（HPAA）of rats in light of morphological and functional changes. Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley（SD） male rats were randomized into 3 groups and given 2％ propylene glycol, mixture of propylene glycol and prednisone acetate or compounds of propylene glycol and triptolide by gavage, respectively, for consecutive 7 weeks. Determination in the 3 groups was conducted concerning the contents of blood plasma cortisol（COR）, adrenocorticotropic hormone（ACTH）and corticotropin-releasing hormone（CRH） besides measurement of the rats’ body weight, coefficient of the adrenal gland and observation of the histopathological changes in fascicular zone of adrenal cortex. Immunohistochemical staining technique was used to detect the expression of ACTH in pituitary in the 3 groups. Results （1） The content of COR in the groups of triptolide and prednisone acetate appeared lower and serum ACTH showed no significant difference, but CRH in the group of triptolide was augmented as compared with the control group（P<0.05）. （2） The rats’ weight in the groups of triptolide and prednisone acetate was declined, and yet, the coefficient of the adrenal gland remained no significant change in comparison with the controls. HE staining and electron microscopy examination revealed thinned and constricted zona fasciculata in adrenal gland in the rats of triptolide and prednisone acetate, with hypofunction. ACTH expression in the group of triptolide was higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Morphologically and functionally, the findings suggest that long-term use of triptolide may result in atrophied cortex and hypofunction of the adrenal gland, leading to augmented production and secretion of CRH and ACTH from respective hypothalamic and pituitary. Related Articles | Metrics

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Decomposition Kinetics of Bupivacaine in Biological Specimens LI YUN, DU TONG－DAN, YUN KE-MING 2010, 26(4): 266-268.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.007 Abstract ( 1640 )   Objective To study on the decomposition kinetics of bupivacaine in brain, blood and urine,which were collected from dogs executed by bupivacaine and stored in different conditions. Methods Dogs were given arachnoid cavity anesthesia with bupivacaine. Then the brain, blood and urine were collected and divided equally to three groups stored in 20, 4 and -20 ℃ respectively. The concentrations of bupivacaine at different days were determined by the GC. The equation and half-time period of decomposition kinetics were imitated and calculated with WinNolin program. Results The decomposition kinetics of bupivacaine in the dogs’ brain, blood and urine were fit to the first order kinetics. The common equation was lgC=lgCo-kt/2.303 and k was the decomposition constant of first order reaction. Conclusion Bupivacaine in the brain, blood and urine specimens were found to be decomposed at various environments for storage. The higher temperature for storage, the faster of decomposition reaction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Ethyl Glucuronide in Blood and Urine by LC-MS/MS ZHAO HUI, ZHUO XIAN-YI, YAN HUI, ET AL 2010, 26(4): 269-272.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.008 Abstract ( 1691 )   Objective To develop a method for determining ethyl glucuronide（EtG） in blood and urine by liquid chromatograph coupled with tandem mass spectrometer（LC-MS/MS）. Methods After blood and urine de-proteined by acetonitrile, the supernate obtained from a centrifuge was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Results Determination limit of EtG in both blood and urine was 0.05 μg/mL, with a linear range of 0.10-5.00 μg/mL（r>0.999）. Accuracy in both matrixes was 95%-109%. Inter-and intra-day RSD were less than 12%. The method showed an excellent performance when it was used to analyze authentic blood and urine samples for EtG. Conclusion The method is capable for blood and urine EtG analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Disability Evaluation of 204 Cases of Children with Brain Injury in Road Traffic Accidents LIU KUAN-LIN, ZHANG XIAN-GUO, KONG BIN, ET AL 2010, 26(4): 273-275.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.010 Abstract ( 1853 )   Objective To study the types, characteristics and common complications as well as disability assessment for the children with craniocerebral injury in the road traffic accidents. Methods Data from 204 cases of children with cranio-injury in road traffic accidents were collected and were statistically analyzed according to the location injured, complication, the type of complication and the severity of disability． Results There were 64 cases of simple diffuse primary craniocerebral injury, 80 cases of simple local primary cranio-injury, 24 cases of diffuse secondary craniocerebral injury and 36 cases of local secondary cranio-injury. The main complications included traumatic epilepsy（14, 6.9％）, traumatic cerebral infarction（9, 4.4％）, traumatic hydrocephalus（7, 3.4％） and traumatic mental disorder（5, 2.5％）. Conclusion Among the children with cranio-injury due to road traffic accidents, simple primary cranio-injury was the most common result, whereas the traumatic epilepsy and traumatic cerebral infarction were the major types of complications. The assessment criteria for body impairment of the children with craniocerebral injury in the road traffic accidents should be broadened accordingly, with addition of certain specific items for children. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 51 Cases of Medical Disputes in Death after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention KONG SU-LI, LIU ZHEN-SHAN, ZHANG WEN-ZHONG, ET AL 2010, 26(4): 276-278.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.011 Abstract ( 1523 )   Objective To investigate the causes and features of medical disputes in percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI） in the cardiology and to provide references for forensic expert testimony and medical disputes prevention. Methods Fifty one disputed fatal cases in PCI were analyzed in terms of the cause of death, informed consent and medical operations retrospectively. Results Thirty five cases were due to medical negligence, 28 due to defect technical operation, 2 due to mistake medical management and 5 due to both defect technical operation and mistake medical management. Conclusion The causes of PCI medical negligence are defect medical operation, violate medical disciplines and insufficiency of informed consent. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Multiple Polymorphism Genetic Markers in Determination of Half Sibling Sharing a Same Mother QUE TING-ZHI, ZHAO SHU-MIN, LI CHENG-TAO 2010, 26(4): 279-281,300.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.012 Abstract ( 1470 )   Objective Determination strategies for half sibling sharing a same mother were investigated through the detection of autosomal and X-chromosomal STR（X-STR） loci and polymorphisms on hypervariable（HV） region of mitochondrial DNA（mtDNA）. Methods Genomic DNA were extracted from blood stain samples of the 3 full siblings and one dubious half sibling sharing the same mother with them. Fifteen autosomal STR loci were genotyped by SinofilerTM kit, and 19 X-STR loci were genotyped by Mentype Argus X-8 kit and 16 plex in-house system. Polymorphisms of mtDNA HV-Ⅰ and HV-Ⅱ were also detected with sequencing technology. Results Full sibling relationship between the dubious half sibling and each of the 3 full siblings were excluded based on the results of autosomal STR genotyping and calculation of full sibling index（FSI） and half sibling index（HIS）. Results of sequencing for mtDNA HV-Ⅰ and HV-Ⅱ showed that all of the 4 samples came from a same maternal line. X-STR genotyping results determined that the dubious half sibling shared a same mother with the 3 full siblings. Conclusion It is reliable to combine three different genotyping technologies including autosomal STR, X-STR and sequencing of mtDNA HV-Ⅰ and HV-Ⅱ for determination of half sibling sharing a same mother. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and Application of Fluorescence Labeled Multiplex Typing System for 3 New miniSTR Loci DU BING, JIANG JI-PING, DU HONG, ET AL 2010, 26(4): 282-284.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.013 Abstract ( 1409 )   Objective To establish a miniSTR multiplex set including three STR loci unlinked from the CODIS loci： D1S1676, D6S1274 and D17S1299, to generate amplified fragment less than 115 bp in size and to study the genotype of degraded DNA samples. Methods After amplification with different fluorescence labeled primers, the amplified products from 100 unrelated individual and  2 highly degraded specimens were analyzed by 310 Genetic Analyzer. Results Three miniSTR loci were determined by fluorescence-labeled multiplex-PCR technique. Each locus was successfully genotyped in all 100 samples. In D1S1676, D6S1274 and D17S1299 loci, 9, 9, 7 alleles and 27, 23, 18 genotypes were observed respectively. The distribution of genotype for three miniSTR loci in Chengdu Han population was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The combined exclusion probability and the combined discrimination power of the three STR loci in Chengdu Han population were 0.999 1 and 0.916 0  respectively. Conclusion This miniSTR multiplex set could be used in individual identification and paternity test.  It also provides a new method in the analysis of degraded DNA sample. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Direct Amplification with PowerPlex 16 HS System for Detection of DNA in Conventional Evidence Materials ZHOU MI, TANG TAO, WEI FAN, ET AL 2010, 26(4): 285-286.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.014 Abstract ( 1527 )   Objective To study the effectiveness of direct amplification with PowerPlex 16 HS system for DNA detection in three conventional materials: fresh blood, oral swab, and cigarette butt. Methods The genetic data of 11 samples of fresh blood, 10 samples of oral swab and 10 samples of cigarette butts were analyzed with PowerPlex 16 HS kit. The result was statistically analyzed. Results Success rate of whole genetic map test in fresh blood and oral swab samples was 100%. Success rate in cigarette butt samples was 90%. Conclusion Direct amplification with PowerPlex 16 HS system is effective method to three types of conventional evidence material including fresh blood, oral swab and cigarette butt. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances on Study of Lucilia Species in Estimating Postmortem Interval in Forensic Medicine ZHANG LU, CAI JI-FENG 2010, 26(4): 287-289.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.015 Abstract ( 1633 )   Sarcosaphagous insects are very important to investigate some criminal cases. They are significant useful in estimating post-mortem interval（PMI） and corpse transfer post-mortem. Lucilia are very common sarcosaphagous insects. They like sunshine and are usually the earliest to touch the cadaver. These characteristics and others such as the stages of their larvae development can offer good evidences for criminal case investigation. This paper summarizes details of their application for estimating postmortem interval in recent years and reviews the methods to identify species and to determine the age of adult Lucilia with molecular biology and entomological morphology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Appraisal of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage CAO ZHE, GUO ZHONG-YUN, ZHU BAO-LI 2010, 26(4): 290-293.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.016 Abstract ( 1725 )   Subarachnoid hemorrhage（SAH） can be classified as traumatic SAH or spontaneous SAH based on etiology. The traumatic SAH is the common manifestation of head injury and difficult to make a diagnosis in forensic investigation. Based on practical experiences of forensic investigation and relevant references, the main points（SAH identification, examination, death mechanism） were summarized in this article. For the understanding, we try to classify the traumatic SAH into three subtypes: brain injury associated SAH, traumatic rupture of basal cerebral vessels SAH and traumatic focal SAH. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advancement of Methanol Poisoning Mechanism Research CHEN JIE-MIN, WANG LI－XIN, XIA WEN-TAO 2010, 26(4): 294-296.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2010.04.017 Abstract ( 1809 )   The methanol poisoning by oral intake or skin contact occurs occasionally, which may have serious consequences including blindness and/or death. Methanol and its metabolites, formaldehyde and formic acid, are associated with metabolic acidosis, visual dysfunction and neurological symptoms. At present, the mechanism of methanol poisoning primarily focuses on the cell hypoxia, the alteration of structure and biological activity induced by free radical and lactic acid. Meanwhile, methanol poisoning causes changes in the balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant capacity and in the proteases-protease inhibitors system, which lead to a series of disturbances. Related Articles | Metrics