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28 June 2010, Volume 26 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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DNA Degradation in Nucleolus of Skeletal Muscle, Heart, Liver, Kidney and Brain in Mice after Death ZHENG JI-LONG;LI XIAO-NA;ZHANG XIAO-DONG;NIU QING-SHAN(.SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA CRIMINAL POLICE UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 00;CHINA;.COLLEGE OF BASIC MEDICAL S 2010, 0(3): 161-164.  Abstract ( 2649 )   Objective To study the change of DNA degradation in nucleolus of mice organs and its relationship with the postmortem interval,and to investigate a new accurate method to estimate the postmortem interval.Methods Eight parameters of cell nuclei were chosen,including the head DNA level,the tail DNA level,the head radius,the tail length,the tail moment,the Olive moment,the head area and the tail area.The changes of DNA degradation were analyzed in skeletal muscle,myocardium,liver,kidney and brain in mice at different intervals(0-72 h postmortem) by using single-cell gel electrophoresis and fluorescent microscope connected with auto-analysis-image system.Results The tail DNA level,the tail length,the tail moment,the Olive moment and the tail area showed an increasing tendency.The head DNA level,the head radius and the head area showed a decreasing tendency within 72 h postmortem in mice.A quadratic regression equation(P<0.001) and multiple regression equation of DNA degradation tendency were established(P<0.000 1).Conclusion The regression equations established can be used as a new method for estimating postmortem interval in forensic practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of M_3 Subtype of Muscarinic Receptor during the Skin Incised Wound Healing in Mice WANG TAO;GUAN DA-WEI;FAN YAN-YAN;WU JING-JING;LIU WEI-WEI;ZHAO ZHEN-BIN;YU TIAN-SHUI;MA WEN-XIANG;HU GENG-YI(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY;SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF IMMUNOLOGY; 2010, 0(3): 165-168+.  Abstract ( 2822 )   Objective To investigate the expression of M3 subtype of muscarinic receptors(M3R) during the incised wound healing of the skin in mice and the characteristics of its time-dependent.Methods The change of M3R in skin incised wound was detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.Results M3R-positive cells were detected in epidermis,hair follicle,sebaceous glands,sweat glands,dermomuscular layer in normal mouse skin.Expression of M3R was mainly detectable in polymorphonuclear cells(PMNs) in the wound specimens aged from 6 h to 12 h after injury.Afterwards,the M3R-positive cells were mostly mononuclear cells(MNCs) and fibroblastic cells(FBCs) at 1 d to 3 d post-injury,whereas the M3R-positive cells were mostly FBCs aged from 5 d to 14 d.Morphometrically,the ratio of the M3R-positive cells increased aged from 6 h to 12 h after injury,with a peak at 12 h.The ratios kept a high relatively level aged from 1 d to 5 d,but significantly that lowered as compared with aged 12 h after injury.The ratio reached the peak at 7 d again after injury,and then decreased gradually.The M3R protein also revealed a time-dependent tendency with double peaks at 12 h and 7 d after injury as detected by Western blotting.Conclusion M3R is time-dependently expression in PMNs,MNCs and FBCs suggesting that it may play roles during the skin incised wound healing,and M3R may be used as a marker for wound age determination. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship between Eyeball Structure and Visual Acuity in High Myopia LIU YI-CHANG;XIA WEN-TAO;ZHU GUANG-YOU;ZHOU XING-TAO;FAN LI-HUA;LIU RUI-JUE;CHEN JIE-MIN(.MEDICAL COLLEGE OF NANTONG UNIVERSITY;NANTONG 00;CHINA;.SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE 2010, 0(3): 169-172.  Abstract ( 2870 )   Objective To explore the relationship between eyeball structure and visual acuity in high myopia.Methods Totally,152 people(283 eyeballs) with different levels of myopia were tested for visual acuity,axial length,and fundus.All cases were classified according to diopter,axial length,and fundus.The relationships between diopter,axial length,fundus and visual acuity were studied.The mathematical models were established for visual acuity and eyeball structure markers.Results The visual acuity showed a moderate correlation with fundus class,comus,axial length and diopter(|r|>0.4,P<0.000 1).The visual acuity in people with the axial length longer than 30.00 mm,diopter above-20.00 D and fundus in 4th class were mostly below 0.5.The mathematical models were established by visual acuity and eyeball structure markers.Conclusion The visual acuity should decline with axial length extension,diopter deepening and pathological deterioration of fundus.To detect the structure changes by combining different kinds of objective methods can help to assess and to judge the vision in high myopia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphological Classification of Frontal Sinuses on Digital X-ray Films and Its Forensic Identification Indexes HUANG YUN;XU ZHE;ZHANG JIAN-BO;ZHANG HONG-XIA;DENG ZHEN-HUA(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY;WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY;ZIGONG NO PEOPLE’S HOSPITAL;ZIGON 2010, 0(3): 173-176+.  Abstract ( 2067 )   Objective To explore morphological classification of the Caldwell view of frontal sinuses in computer radiography(CR) for forensic identification and to construct a forensic identification system with digital X-ray films with assistance of identification indexes coding.Methods Four hundred CR films of the Caldwell view of frontal sinus were selected from Sichuan Han ethnic Chinese.The frontal sinuses were classified according to the relationship between the tangential line above the upper edge of the bilateral orbits and the location of the frontal sinus.Then to code the identification indexes for the frontal sinus.Results The Caldwell view of frontal sinuses were classified into 6 categories.Eight identification indexes for the frontal sinus were identified,including degree of asymmetry,superiority of side,ratio of the left frontal sinus area and orbit area(ALFS/ALOR),ratio of the right frontal sinus area and orbit area(ARFS/AROR),outline of the left upper border,outline of the right upper border,occurrence of partial septa and location of frontal median margin.Conclusion Initial identification by the Caldwell view classification of frontal sinuses followed with coding the frontal sinuses with 8 indexes is likely a novel approach for forensic identification of the frontal sinuses in CR. Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement of Intracranial Hematoma Using the Improved Cubature Formula LU XIAO;LU WEN(.SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS;SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS;SHANGHAI NORMAL UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 00;CHINA 2010, 0(3): 177-180.  Abstract ( 3121 )   Objective The more accurate calculate method was investigated according to the improved formula of intracranial hematoma using segment deducing.Methods The improved formula was deduced to calculate the intracranial hematoma using the volume formula of the solid geometry.The volume of intracranial hematoma was measured as a related accurate standards using software.The volumes of intracranial hematoma calculated by the improved formula,Tada’s formula and the software were compared.Results The measure accuracy of the improved formula was higher than that of Tada’s formula,and showed a similarity with that by using software method.Conclusion The improved formula method shows a more accurate result than Tada’s formula,and can be used in forensic practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison among Three Standards of TW2 to Skeletal Age Determination in Children with Central Precocious Puberty BAI WAN-JING;NING GANG;QU HAI-BO;SUN XIAO-MEI;XIANG CHENG-FA;WU KANG-MIN;LIU GUAN-JIAN(.WEST CHINA SECOND HOSPITAL;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA;.WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA) 2010, 0(3): 181-184.  Abstract ( 2658 )   Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of English,Chinese and Japanese standards of TW2 to skeletal age assessment of children with central precocious puberty(CPP),then to confirm the normal thresholds.Methods Sixty one children as patient group were definitely assured CPP.The control group had 67 children.Among them,61 were normal children,another 6 children as a special control group.Left hand-wrist X-ray radiographs were retrospectively analyzed by two doctors separately and their skeletal ages were assessed with the three standards of TW2 method.The differences between skeletal age and chronological age were analyzed with ROC in SPSS 13.0.Results(1) The skeletal age results showed κ value is 0.776 deduced by two clinical doctors(u=16.128,P<0.05).(2) There were no statistic differences for the areas under ROC curves among three methods.(3) d≥1.15 years in TW2,d≥1.25 years in TW2-CHN and d≥0.65 years in TW2-JP were more susceptive and specific points.Conclusion TW2,TW2-CHN and TW2-JP provided a higher value for the diagnosis of skeletal age in unhealthy children,and TW2-CHN is highest value for Chinese children. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Sibling Sisters Using STR and SNP ZHANG SU-HUA;ZHAO SHU-MIN;LI LI(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU;CHINA;.SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHI 2010, 0(3): 185-187.  Abstract ( 2679 )   Objective The methods for identification of sibling sisters were explored with detection of genetic markers on autochromosome and X-chromosome.Methods Genomic DNA of the sibling sisters were extracted,and 15 STRs on autochromosome and 17 STRs on X-chromosome were genotyped by SinofilerTM kit,Mentype Argus X-8 kit and in-house kit of X-STRs,respectively.11 X-SNPs were genotyped with TaqMan technology.Results Full sibling relationship of the test samples were confirmed by calculating full sibling index of STRs in autochromosome,which were also supported by the detection of 1-2 same alleles at each locus on X-chromosome.Conclusion In identification of full sibling sister,not only STRs on autochromosome but also polymorphism genetic markers in X-chromosome can be utilized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Simultaneous Determination of Opioid Compounds in Human Urine by UPLC-MS/MS ZHAN CHANG-SHU;SHEN BAO-HUA;ZHUO XIAN-YI(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU;CHINA;.SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 2010, 0(3): 188-191.  Abstract ( 4378 )   Objective To propose a method for simultaneous determination of codeine(COD),6-monoacetyl-morphine(6-MAM),morphine(MOR),morphine-3-glucuronide(M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide(M6G) in human urine by ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).Methods After precipitation of protein by acetonitrile,the urine samples,with added the morphine-d3(MOR-d3) and morphine-3-Glucuronide-d3(M3G-d3) as internal standards,were pre-treated by SiroccoTM protein precipitation plate,and then analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS.Results The limit of detection was 0.2 ng/mL for both COD and MAM,the limit of quantitation was 0.5 ng/mL for both COD and MAM.The limit of detection was 0.5 ng/mL for MOR,M3G and M6G,the limit of quantitation was 1 ng/mL for them.The linear correlation coefficients were not less than 0.999 7,both the inter-day and intra-day precisions were less than 10%,the recoveries were in the range of 70.0% to 98.3%,the matrix effects were about 50.5% to 99.0%.Conclusion This proposed method is simple,rapid and accurate,it could be applied in forensic toxicological analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Analysis of 74 Tumor Related Medical Malpractice Cases GUO YA-DONG;CAI JI-FENG;CHANG YUN-FENG;GUAN PENG;WEN JI-FANG(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SCHOOL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCE;CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY;CHANGSHA 00;CHINA;.WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY; 2010, 0(3): 192-195.  Abstract ( 2706 )   Objective To analyze the causes of medical malpractice in patients with tumor,to determine the medical responsibility,and to recommend the related preventions.Methods Seventy four medical malpractice cases,which were involved in tumor and collected from 2000 to 2009 in medicolegal expertise center of west China,were analyzed retrospectively.Results The medical malpractice cases in the patients with tumor showed an increasing tendency in recent years.The main causes are missed diagnosis,misdiagnosis,improper chemotherapy and neglect of complications.The causes of medical malpractice were different in the different levels of medical services.The occurrence of medical malpractice in surgery and OB-GYN showed more frequent than the others.Conclusion Forensic pathology autopsy is important to resolve medical malpractice of tumor patients by finding out the cause of death and clarifying the medical responsibility.The occurrence of medical malpractice could be reduced by the clinical doctors through improving serve consciousness,obtaining the patients’ trust,improving the medical treatment,following related laws and rules,fulfiling duty of medical careness. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Identification and Analysis of Cleaver Traces on Human Bone JIA ZI-SHU;ZHAO CHUN-MEI;LIU LI(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANXI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;TAIYUAN 0000;CHINA;.FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION AND IDENTIFICATION CENTER OF BEIJING PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;BEIJING 00;CHINA) 2010, 0(3): 196-197.  Abstract ( 3005 )   Objective The injury instruments were identified and studied according to the cleaver traces on bone.Methods The bone and fresh shrub branches were cut with the same part of the same cleaver respectively.To visualize the traces on the bone by histological processing and to match the traces on bone and branch by the comparison microscope.Then to analyze the character of traces on the bone.Results Cutting-line traces made by cleaver on the bone can be fully matched with those in the shrub branch sample.Conclusion Cleaver traces on the bone can be displayed clearly and shown at micro level.It will provide a new method for the identification of suspected weapon. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on Estimation of Postmortem Interval Using FTIR Spectroscopy HUANG PING;TUO YA;WANG ZHEN-YUAN(.SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY;XI’AN 0 2010, 0(3): 198-201.  Abstract ( 2610 )   Estimation of the postmortem interval(PMI) is a practical task in daily forensic casework.Researches on PMI is an important practical project in forensic field.Estimation of the time since death is influenced by internal and external,antemortem and postmortem factors,thus the old methods have limitations.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy has been applied to study the pure protein,nucleic acid and carbohydrate and to detect the changes in complex cells and tissues.At present because the powerful software has could be used to achieve the spectrum transformation,smoothing,baseline correction and normalization,it is possible to analyze the samples quantitatively with the FTIR which has been applied in the biology and clinical medicine.This paper has reviewed the mechanism of FTIR and its application in biomedicine.The postmortem FTIR spectral changes were also discussed,which showed its potential for estimating PMI. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Analysis of Pericardial Fluid in Forensic Practice MAO RUI-MING;ZHENG PING-PING;ZHU CHENG-RUI;ZHU BAO-LI;(.SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF LEGAL MEDICINE;OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL;OSAKA -;JAPAN) 2010, 0(3): 202-205.  Abstract ( 2650 )   Pericardial fluid is a kind of serous fluid in pericardial cavity.Because blood undergoes postmortem changes such as autolysis and putrefaction,vitreous humor is limited,cerebrospinal fluid is easily mixed with blood,pericardial fluid,on the other hand,exists in a closed cavity and can be hardly contaminated by postmortem changes,and also is easily obtained.Pericardial fluid not only plays an important role in clinic practice,but also is widely applicable in forensic practice.This paper briefly presented the properties of pericardial fluid and its clinical significance.It reviewed biochemical changes in decedents died of heart diseases,drowning and asphyxia,and explored the significance in medico-legal investigation.Moreover,application of pericardial fluid in forensic serology,forensic toxicological analysis and other fields were also discussed.Pericardial fluid analysis may provide important information for determination of the cause of death with further investigation concerning forensic applicability of pericardial fluid. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advance of Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction Therapy by Stem Cells SHEN HAN-JIAN;ZHU GUANG-YOU(SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2010, 0(3): 206-209.  Abstract ( 2478 )   Neurogenic erectile dysfunction(NED) commonly results from erectile nerve damage.Recent researches have focused on the preclinical study of stem cell-based therapies targeted at repairing and protecting nervi erigentes.In this paper,researches of NESCs,MDSCs,ASCs and MSCs in NED are reviewed.Early studies have demonstrated that stem cells and gene modified stem cells were effective to the therapy of ED,even likely to cure ED.Stem cells are expected to be applied in the clinical therapy of NED.Stem cells as a new therapy technique will bring up a new challenge in forensic clinical medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Evaluation Tools for Criminal Responsibility in Forensic Psychiatric Expertise FU PEI-XIN;WANG JING;SHI TIAN-TAO;HU JI-NIAN;ZHU MING-XIA(.BEIJING ANKANG HOSPITAL;BEIJING 000;CHINA;.EVIDENCE SCIENCE INSTITUTE;CHINA UNIVERSITY OF PO-LITICAL SCIENCE AND LAW;BEIJING 000;CHINA) 2010, 0(3): 210-213.  Abstract ( 3036 )   Criminal responsibility is divided into three types: full criminal responsibility,diminished criminal responsibility and criminal irresponsibility in China.In forensic psychiatric expertise,doctors often have different opinions about the responsibility in a given case because of lacking objective criteria.The evaluation of criminal responsibility is always unresolved problem in forensic psychiatric expertise.Application of these evaluation tools in forensic psychiatric expertise were reviewed in this article.The value of the tools were still controversial in the reliability and validity,but it is clear that these tools have the positive roles in ensuring the standardization and the uniformity of the forensic investigation. Related Articles | Metrics