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    28 August 2011, Volume 27 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    Establishment of Femoral 3D Finite Element Model and Validation of Injury Biomechanics
    ZOU DONG-HUA, LI ZHENG-DONG, HUANG PING, ET AL
    2011, 27(4): 241-245.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.04.001
    Abstract ( 2152 )  
    Objective To investigate the feasibility of creating an effective femoral finite element model from medical images of CT scan with Mimics software, and to provide a good model for femoral fracture biomechanics. Methods CT images of femur were obtained from 16-slice spiral CT, which were subsequently imported into Mimics software according to DICOM standard. The 3D femoral finite element model was developed, meshed and assigned with material properties. The feasibility of the model was tested and validated with LS-DYNA in different modes including vertical load of 1 000 N, 3-points bending and side impacts. Results Five hundred twenty-one scanning images were available and reconstructed to create a femoral finite element model consisting of 17 879 nodes and 106 834 tetrahedron elements. The average stress on the femoral neck nodes under vertical load was (3.209 7±1.373 5) MPa. Strain-deflection curve in 3-points bending test was consistent with Kennedy’s study results. The results of the side impact test were in accordance with the forensic anatomical findings. Conclusion The established model should be applicable to femoral collision biomechanics studies.
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    Time-dependent Recruitment and Differentiation of Fibrocytes in Mouse Skin Wound Healing
    FAN YAN-YAN, GUAN DA-WEI, WANG TAO, ET AL
    2011, 27(4): 246-249.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.04.002
    Abstract ( 1709 )  
    Objective To investigate the time-dependent recruitment and differentiation of fibrocytes in skin wound healing. Methods Fibrocytes (expressing CD45 and procollagen Ⅰ) and myofibroblasts (expressing CD45 and α-SMA) were co-localized by immunofluorescent staining. The number of fibrocytes and myofibroblasts was counted at different post-wounding interval. Results At 3 d after injury, fibrocytes started to recruit at the margin of the wounds. At 5 d after injury, myofibroblasts started to appear in new formed granulation tissue. The number of fibrocytes and myofibroblasts peaked at 7 d post-wounding. Conclusion During skin wound healing, myofibroblasts in granulation tissue originated at least partly from fibrocytic differentiation. The time-dependent recruitment and differentiation of fibrocytes may provide new information for wound age determination.
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    Expression of HSP70 mRNA in Hippocampus of Rats after Diffuse Axonal Injury
    WANG FENG, LI YONG-HONG
    2011, 27(4): 250-252.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.04.003
    Abstract ( 1591 )  
    Objective To explore the changes of expression of heat-shock proteins(HSP) 70 mRNA in hippocampus of rats after diffuse axonal injury(DAI). Methods RT-PCR products of HSP70 mRNA were tested by agarose gel electrophoresis after RT-PCR amplification. The changes of HSP70 mRNA expression were observed in rat hippocampus after DAI. Results The expression of HSP70 mRNA in the hippocampus could be detected 4 h after DAI. It reached maximum at 24 h and declined after 48 h. Conclusion HSP70 mRNA in hippocampus of rats could be useful for diagnosis of DAI.
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    Application of Quantitative Temperature Testing in Diagnosis of Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction
    WENG SHAO-ZHENG, WANG FEI-XIANG, DAI JI-CAN, ET AL
    2011, 27(4): 253-255.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.04.004
    Abstract ( 2028 )  
    Objective To explore the application of quantitative temperature testing(QTT) in forensic identification and clinical diagnosis of neurogenic erectile dysfunction(NED). Methods TSA-Ⅱ-NeuroSensory Analyzer was used to measure the thresholds of four kinds of sensory, including cold, cold pain, heat, heat pain, in 22 normal and 35 NED patients at dorsal glans(DG), left thigh interior(LTI) and left thenar(LT). To calculate the relative thresholds of the sensory mentioned above between DG and LTI(DG/LTI), and between DG and LT(DG/LT). Then to analyze those thresholds and the relative thresholds. Results NED group showed significant higher threshold than the normal group in DG-heat, DG-heat pain, LTI-heat, LTI-heat pain, DG/LTI-heat, DG/LT-heat, DG/LT-heat pain(P<0.05). Conclusion The threshold of QTT at dorsal glans could be used as an accessory indicator in forensic medicine and clinical diagnosis of NED.
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    Comparison between Different Calculation Methods of Limbs Joints Function
    CHEN QING-MU, LI WEI, WANG YE-QIONG
    2011, 27(4): 256-259.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.04.005
    Abstract ( 1727 )  
    Objective To analyze and compare different methods for assessment of the limbs joints function and to discuss the rationality of the methods. Methods Eight hundred and six cases were collected from the Fujian Minzhong Forensic Appraisal Center from 2007 to 2010. These cases included injuries of large limbs joints with or without peripheral nerve injury. The loss of joint function was calculated according to the simple joint mobility method or the table method introduced in the book “Forensic Clinical Judicial Authentication Practice”. The results of disability evaluation with different methods were analyzed and compared between different joints and injury patterns. Results In 642 cases of simple joint injuries without peripheral nerve injury, the results of disability evaluation based on simple joint mobility were the same as that based on the table. In 118 cases of joint injuries with peripheral nerve injury, all of them could be classified as disability, 33 cases (28.00%) had higher degree based on the table method than based on the simple joint mobility method. While 21 cases (17.80%) did not be evaluated as disabled based on the simple joint mobility method. Conclusion The evaluation for loss of limb function would be easier, more scientific and reasonable by the direct table method than the simple joint mobility method.
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    Differences of DNA Methylation Profiles in Monozygotic Twins’ Blood Samples
    ZHAO SHU-MIN, ZHANG SU-HUA, CHEN JIN-ZHONG, ET AL
    2011, 27(4): 260-264.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.04.006
    Abstract ( 2227 )  
    Objective To evaluate the potential usefulness of DNA methylation in individual discrimination of monozygotic twins by investigating the differences of DNA methylation profiles in monozygotic twins’ blood samples. Methods Blood samples from 22 pairs of monozygotic twins were obtained with informed consent. Genomic DNA extracts were bisulfite treated followed by detection with Infinium?誖HumanMethylation27 BeadChip Assays(Illumina, USA). Epigenetic distances between each pair of monozygotic twins and each pair of unrelated individuals of same gender were calculated with Euclidean distance algorithms. Distribution of epigenetic distance in monozygotic twin group was statistically compared with that in unrelated individuals. Results Difference of epigenetic distance between male and female pairs was not statistically significant in unrelated individual group or in monozygotic twin group(P=0.069 5 and 0.482 5, respectively). Epigenetic distance of monozygotic twins was significantly lower than that of unrelated individual pair of same gender(Median: 6.02 vs 7.20, P=0.000 2). However, all the epigenetic distance in monozygotic twin group or in unrelated individuals were significantly higher than 4.00(P<0.000 1). Conclusion DNA methylation profiles of monozygotic twin’s blood samples were significantly different with each other, which was similar to that in unrelated individuals of same gender. These results indicated that DNA methylation was a useful biomarker in individual discrimination of monozygotic twins.
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    Comparison of mtDNA Extracting Methods for Common Sarcosaphagous Insects
    CHEN YAO-QING, GUO YA-DONG, LI MAO-ZHI, ET AL
    2011, 27(4): 265-270.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.04.007
    Abstract ( 1812 )  
    Objective To compare effects of three different methods for mtDNA extraction from common sarcosaphagous insects including cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method, sodium dodecyl sulfate-potassium acetate (SDS-KAc) method and sodium dodecyl sulfate-proteinase K (SDS-PK) method. Methods Seventy-two insects from four species [Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1784), Eusilpha bicolor (Fairmaire, 1896), Paraeutrichopus pecoudi (Mateu, 1954), Vespa velutina (Lepeletier, 1836)] were collected from the corpses of the rabbits in Changsha district. The total DNA of above samples was extracted by CTAB, SDS-Kac and SDS-PK methods. The purity and concentration of DNA were examined by protein-nucleic acid spectrophotometry, and mtDNA were amplified by specific primers and PCR products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Then PCR products were sequenced and subsequently uploaded to GenBank. Results mtDNA was successfully extracted with three methods from most of the samples. The SDS-PK method was better in DNA purity compared to other methods and the CTAB method was superior in extracting DNA from old samples, while SDS-KAc method showed no significant difference for extraction effects of different samples. Conclusion The most appropriate method should be chosen depending on different situations. SDS-PK method is expected to obtain high-quality DNA, while CTAB method is preferred in extracting obsolete samples. SDS-KAc method is low cost and can be used in various kinds of preliminary experiments.
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    Simultaneous Determination of Trihexyphenidyl, Chlorpromazine and Clozapine in Blood by GC-MS
    ZHENG SHUI-QING, WANG WEI, LIANG CHEN, ET AL
    2011, 27(4): 271-273.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.04.008
    Abstract ( 1741 )  
    Objective To develop a method to measure trihexyphenidyl, chlorpromazine and clozapine in human blood with GC-MS. Methods The specimens were alkalized(pH>10) and extracted with V(benzene)∶V(ethyl acetate)=1∶1, and qualitatively analyzed using GC-MS-Full Scan with internal standard SKF525A. The specimens were alkalized(pH>10) and extracted with V(benzene)∶V(ethyl acetate)=1∶1, and quantitatively analyzed using GC-MS-SIM with internal standard diazepam-d5. Results The lowest detection limits of trihexyphenidyl, chlorpromazine and clozapine were 0.3, 0.3 and 0.7 ng/mL(S/N≥3) respectively. The calibration curve in 20-10 000 ng/mL showed a good linear distribution. The recovery rate was 79.9% to 85.5%. The RSDs of intraday and interday were less than 5.1%. Conclusion The established method was simple, sensitive and accurate for simultaneous determination of trihexyphenidyl, chlorpromazine and clozapine in human blood, and can be applied in forensic toxicological cases.
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    Identification of Fresh and Old Vertebral Compression Fractures by MRI
    JIN ZHONG-GAO, SHEN SHI-MING, GAO JIAN-XUN, ET AL
    2011, 27(4): 274-276.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.04.009
    Abstract ( 3192 )  
    Objective To analyze and explore the value of MRI in distinguishing fresh from old vertebral compression fractures. Methods The features of MRI in 43 cases with compression fractures of thoracic or lumbar vertebral bodies were analyzed. MRI sequences included T1WI, T2WI and STIR. Results Fifty-five vertebral bodies in total were found compression fractures in 43 cases. Forty-six vertebral bodies, which showed low signals or low signals mixing a few high signals on T1WI, high signals on T2WI and significantly high signals on STIR, were identified as fresh compression fractures. Nine vertebral bodies were identified as old compression fractures, because they showed the same signals as normal vertebral bodies on T1WI, T2WI and STIR. Conclusion MRI could accurately distinguish fresh and old vertebral compression fractures, so it is valuable for the distinguishment in forensic identification.
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    Analysis of Forensic Identification of Traumatic Macular Hole in 16 Cases
    XU XIAO-MING, ZHENG CHUAN-FEI, LIU XING-BEN, ET AL
    2011, 27(4): 277-278.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.04.010
    Abstract ( 1994 )  
    Objective To analyze and summarize the characteristics of traumatic macular hole and to discuss the key points and matters need attention in forensic identification. Methods Sixteen cases of traumatic macular hole were collected from Forensic Science Identification Center of China Medical University from 2004 to 2009 and analyzed. Results All of the 16 cases resulted from closed ocular contusion. Traumatic macular hole was more common in young men and may occur immediately after injury or after a certain interval. Six months after injury, there was a spontaneous closure of macular hole in 2 cases and the vision of the injured in 12 cases improved to different degrees. According to the degree of vision dysfunction, 12 cases were identified as slight injury, 4 cases were identified as severe injury. Conclusion Traumatic macular hole has its characteristics. Its injury degree is all slight or severe injury. The time of identification should be within 3-6 months.
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    Forensic Identification of Cervical Spinal Cord Injury without Fracture or Dislocation in 25 Cases
    GU XIAO-FENG
    2011, 27(4): 279-281,285.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.04.011
    Abstract ( 1637 )  
    Objective To explore forensic identification of causality between injury and the consequence in cases of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation. Methods Twenty-five cases of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation were collected. The age, mode of injury, imaging reports, cervical vertebral degeneration, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and injury consequences were summarized. The causality between injury and its consequence were classified as direct cause, main cause, same cause, minor cause and no cause. Results Age, mode of injury, cervical vertebral degeneration and spinal stenosis were important factors in the analysis of causality. In the injured younger than 8-year-old trauma was generally the direct cause to the damage. While in other injured, it was needed to analyze the various factors comprehensively. Conclusion Comprehensive analysis of age, mode of injury, cervical vertebral degeneration, spinal stenosis and other factors would contribute to accurate identification of the causality between the injury and the consequences in cases of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation.
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    Analysis of 12 Cases of Fetal Malformation in Forensic Medical Malpractice
    LI YING, ZHUANG HONG-SHENG, GUO SHU-JIA
    2011, 27(4): 282-285.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.04.012
    Abstract ( 1954 )  
    Objective To explore the main reasons of medical malpractice of fetal abnormalities and to analyze the key points and the ideas in judicial appraisal. Methods According to the related laws, regulations and clinical practice guidelines, the medical faults and the contribution degree in 12 medical malpractice cases about fetal abnormalities were analyzed. Results There were medical faults in five cases. Among them, the doctors did not fulfill the duty of inform in 2 cases, did not analyze the abnormal results comprehensively in 2 cases, did not have qualified medical conditions and normative reports in 1 case. The hospitals needed to take the minor responsibility in 2 cases and slight responsibility in 2 cases. Conclusion The key points in the judicial appraisal are whether the doctors abide by the related laws, regulations and clinical practice guidelines in prenatal examination, screen and diagnosis, and whether the doctors realize the limitations of ultrasonic testing and fulfill the obligation of inform.
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    Advance in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury
    LI SHANG-XUN, WANG BO-WEI, LIU DAN, ET AL
    2011, 27(4): 286-289,294.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.04.013
    Abstract ( 2097 )  
    Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is a highly complex multi-factorial disorder. Animal models of TBI are used to elucidate primary and secondary injury mechanisms and pathophysiological changes and to provide the diagnostic and therapeutical basis for TBI. The choices of animal models depend upon the research objectives. However, various animal models have limitations. The models only can duplicate the pivotal injury mechanisms or a certain important pathophysiological course. The characteristics of human TBI can not fully be reflected by using these models. In the review, animal models of traumatic brain injury are classified as dynamic direct brain injury, indirect dynamic brain injury and combined neuro-traumatic models. Several common models are described for consideration.
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    Progress on the Evaluation of Limbs Muscle Function
    XIA QING, WANG LI-XIN, FAN LI-HUA
    2011, 27(4): 290-294.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.04.014
    Abstract ( 2128 )  
    Evaluation of limbs muscle function is one of the difficult tasks in forensic clinical medicine. Recently, there are more and more cases needed to be evaluated on the limbs muscle function in forensic clinical appraisal. Thus the assessment methods for muscle function have been concerned increasingly. This paper introduces the classification of muscle function and the type of muscle contraction, reviews the assessment methods for muscle function and their application value, such as manual muscle test, simple instrumental muscle test, isokinetic muscle test and electrophysiological test. It has also proposed to evaluate the muscle function with multiple methods comprehensively.
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    The Significance of Contribution Degree of Hurting Factors in Mental Injury and the Research Progress
    TANG YU-BING, GAO BEI-LING, LIU XIAO-LIN, ET AL
    2011, 27(4): 295-299.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.04.015
    Abstract ( 1430 )  
    In forensic psychiatric evaluation, experts frequently need to assess the contribution degree of hurting factors to the victims. The contribution degree reflects the extent of hurt caused by the injurer and is the quantitative index of the responsibility which should be undertaken by the injurer. It is also important evidence for the judgement. Presently, there is no accepted and practicable quantitative tool to reflect the objective contribution degree. This article reviews domestic and international researches on the contribution degree of hurting factors in mental injury, including the concept, connotation, related assessment methods, problems in assessment and its future study trend.
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