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28 June 2011, Volume 27 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Relationship between RNA Degradation and Postmortem Interval in Mice ZHU YI, DONG YING-CHUN, LIANG WEI-BO, ET AL 2011, 27(3): 161-163,177.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.03.001 Abstract ( 2244 )   Objective To investigate the degradation changes of β-actin mRNA and 18S rRNA in different time points and temperature after death, and to explore the relationship between the changes and postmortem interval（PMI） in the brain of mice. Methods Twenty-four health adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups（12 each group）. They were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and placed in chamber with two different temperature（4 ℃ and 37 ℃, humidity was 80%）. The mice brains were sampled at 6 different time points（immediately, 0.5 h, 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h）, and total brain RNA were extracted. Ct value of each sample was obtained using RT-PCR and real-time PCR technology, and β-actin mRNA and 18S rRNA content ratio was calculated. The correlation between the content ratio and PMI was expressed using statistical regression analysis. Results At 37 ℃, RNA degradation rate was faster than 4 ℃, which showed that there was correlation between temperature and RNA degradation. Comparing with the stability of β-actin mRNA, 18S rRNA was more stable. Conclusion The study on degradation of β-actin mRNA and 18S rRNA in mice brain using real time PCR technology could provide a new theoretical basis for estimation of PMI and would be supplementary to the traditional methods. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect and Mechanism of Intermedin in Acute Rat Cardiac Ischemic Injury DU QIU-XIANG, YUE WEI, WANG YING-YUAN 2011, 27(3): 164-168.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.03.002 Abstract ( 1801 )   Objective To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of intermedin（IMD） in acute cardiac ischemic injury and to provide a new approach for exploring mechanism of sudden cardiac death. Methods Seventy-two healthy male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups： control, ischemic and the IMD-treated group. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）, malondialdehyde（MDA） and superoxide dismutase（SOD）  in heart blood were tested by enzyme chemistry method. The mRNA changes of calcitonin receptor-like receptor（CRLR） and receptor activity-modifying proteins（RAMPs） in cardiac were measured by real-time PCR analysis. Myocardial cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP） content was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Apoptosis related factors Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Comparing with the control group, LDH and MDA activity of ischemic group in heart blood increased and SOD activity decreased. The concentration of cAMP increased in ventricular muscle, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins expression ratio level decreased. The intravenation of IMD decreased the level of increased activity of LDH and MDA, and lessened the level of decreased activity of SOD. The mRNA expression of CRLR and RAMPs obviously increased in ventricular muscle. Conclusion The protective effect of IMD against myocardial ischemic injury could be caused by decreasing the oxidative stress of ischemia and inhibiting the myocardial apoptosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Iron and Ferritin Changes in Multiple Organs Failure after Trauma WANG DIAN, YANG TIAN-TONG, YU WEN, ET AL 2011, 27(3): 169-173.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.03.003 Abstract ( 2056 )   Objective To investigate the changes of iron content in serum and liver, ferritin content in serum, percentage of myeloperoxidase（MPO） positive granulocyte in rabbits after different serious trauma and to explore the relationship between these changes and multiple organ failure（MOF）. Methods Rabbit trauma models were established. Iron content in serum and liver, ferritin content in serum and the percentage of MPO positive granulocyte were measured at different time after trauma. Results After trauma, iron content in serum decreased sharply in early period （12-36 h） and increased gradually to normal level in mild traumatic group after 60 h. Iron content in serum remained lower level in severe traumatic and death group 60 h after trauma. Iron content in liver obviously increased in death group. The changes of ferritin content in serum in mild traumatic were not obvious. Ferritin contents in serum in severe injury group and death group were slightly higher in early period and decreased in later period. The percentage of MPO positive granulocyte increased in early period after trauma. The percentage began to decrease 6 d after trauma and returned to normal level in mild traumatic group. The percentage obviously was significantly lower than normal levels in severe traumatic group and death group 6 d after trauma. Some rabbits died 60 h-6 d after severe trauma, and the pathological changes in the other organs were consistent with MOF. Conclusion Trauma can cause the serum iron, ferritin levels and percentage of MPO positive granulocyte changes. Severe trauma can cause uncompensated changes of these indicators, which could be the main mechanisms of MOF and death. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ultra-structural Pathological Study of Pulmonary Fat Embolism in Rabbits CHEN YANG, JIAO CHUAN-JUN 2011, 27(3): 174-177.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.03.004 Abstract ( 1657 )   Objective To explore ultra-structural changes of fat embolism syndrome（FES） in the lung. Methods Fat embolism animal model was developed by fat intravascular injection to the experimental rabbits. The rabbits were sacrificed after thrombosis immediately（0 h）, 3 h, 8 h and 1 d, 2 d, 7 d, 14 d after thrombosis, respectively. Rabbits were injected with the same dose of saline in the control group. All experimental procedures were same in experimental and control groups. The animal model of fat embolism was validated using HE and Sudan Ⅲ staining. Ultra-structural changes of lung were observed by using transmission electron microscopy. Results Ultra-structural changes in capillaries and small blood vessels were found in experimental group. Type Ⅱ alveolar cells, related cells and organelles showed time-dependent changes. Lipid drops and inflammatory cells were not found in control group. Lamellar body did not show emptying phenomenon and the amount of lamellar body was normal. Conclusion The study could provide the theoretical principle for fat embolism cases in forensic pathology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stature Estimation of Teenagers by Limb Long Bones with Computerized Radiography ZHENG TAO, HUANG YUN, ZHANG JIAN-BO, ET AL 2011, 27(3): 178-181,185.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.03.005 Abstract ( 1630 )   Objective Relative parameters of upper limb bones, tibia and fibula were measured with computed radiography and used to establish the mathematical models for stature estimation of teenagers （from 14 to 18 years old） of Han population in Sichuan Province. Methods The upper limb bones, tibia and fibula of 194 subjects were taken computerized radiography on normal position and were measured the lengths between relative landmarks. The body height of each subject was recorded. Linear regression equations for stature estimation between body height and the lengths of upper limb bones, tibia and fibula were established. Results Forty-two single linear regression equations and 4 multiple regression equations were obtained. The coefficients of correlation（r） were 0.689-0.917 and the standard errors of estimate（SE） were between 3.075 and 5.485 cm. All of the equations were statistically tested and diagnosed with good applicability. Conclusion These equations could be used to estimate the body height of Sichuan Han population aged from 14 to 18. The lengths of the upper limb bones, tibia and fibula measured on the CR films could be useful to stature estimation of the adolescence and the forensic personal identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Slow Vertex Response in Auditory Threshold Prediction for Subjects with Hearing Loss LIU HUI, ZHU GUANG-YOU, FAN LI-HUA, ET AL 2011, 27(3): 182-185.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.03.006 Abstract ( 1785 )   Objective To study the value of slow vertex response（SVR） in the evaluation of hearing loss by comparing the hearing thresholds acquired with SVR and pure tone audiometry（PTA）. Methods Twenty-five subjects（40 ears） with sensorineural hearing loss were tested by PTA and SVR. According to the thresholds of PTA, these ears were subdivided into mild, moderate and severe hearing loss groups, and rank sum test was performed on the thresholds of SVR and PTA for all the hearing loss groups. Then, the correlation between PTA thresholds and SVR thresholds was analyzed and the mathematical models were established for predicting behavioral thresholds by the thresholds of SVR. Results At four test frequencies（0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz）, the thresholds of SVR had high correlations with thresholds of PTA. Four liner regression equations were established, and the correlation coefficient（r） were 0.971, 0.976, 0.957 and 0.928, respectively（P＜0.05）. Back substitution test showed that the liner regression equations would be an easy method for estimating the behavior thresholds. Conclusion The behavioral threshold can be well judged and evaluated by the liner regression equations established with SVR thresholds. Related Articles | Metrics

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Polymorphism Study of Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide N Gene rs220030 by DGGE ZHAO YUN, XU HONG-MEI, ZHAO ZI-QIN 2011, 27(3): 186-188.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.03.007 Abstract ( 1772 )   Objective To analyze the polymorphism of rs220030, a SNP which is located in the promoter region of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N （SNRPN） gene in the Chinese Han population and to obtain the data of population genetics. Methods The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） method was applied to detect the polymorphism of rs220030 in 100 unrelated and healthy individuals from the Shanghai Han population. The genotyping result of this SNP was confirmed by TaqMan assay in some typical samples. Results DGGE results showed 4 bands for CT heterozygote, and 1 band for CC or TT homozygote, and those results were confirmed by The TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. Genotyping results showed 34 individuals with CC, 41 with CT and 25 with TT of rs220030. The allele frequencies for C and T were 0.545 and 0.455, respectively. H was 0.500, PIC was 0.373, DP was 0.654, and PE was 0.186. The distribution of genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Conclusion DGGE is a quick and effective method in the analysis of SNP polymorphism in small population. Statistical parameters of rs220030 for forensic evaluation meet the requirements for forensic identification and paternity testing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of WAIS-RC Short Forms and Adult Intelligence Disability Scale in Mental Impairment Assessment PANG YAN-XIA, ZHANG JIAN, YANG CHENG-LONG, ET AL 2011, 27(3): 189-192.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.03.008 Abstract ( 1860 )   Objective Study on the application of WAIS-RC short forms and adult intelligence disability scale in mental impairment assessment. Methods Mental impairment assessment cases between July 2009 and March 2011 in judicial appraisal institute of Taizhou University were collected. Assessment results obtained with the WAIS-RC short forms and adult intelligence disability scale were compared with the experts assessing conclusions and analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software. Results Assessment results with the two scales did not fully comply with the expert’s conclusions, with reliability coefficient were 0.785 and 0.940 respectively, correlation coefficient were 0.850 and 0.922 respectively. Conclusion The intelligence assessment was influenced by many factors. When the appraised individuals had nerve dysfunction and mild intelligence disability or mental disorders, the two scales should be used together. When the appraised individuals had moderate intelligence disability or mental disorders, adult intelligence disability scale had advantage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Hg in Biological Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry MA DONG, ZHANG DAN, ZHUO XIAN-YI, ET AL 2011, 27(3): 193-195.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.03.010 Abstract ( 1805 )   Objective To establish an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） method for determination of Hg in biological samples. Methods The samples were digested with microwave digestion instrument. ICP-MS was applied to detect Hg in blood, urine and hair specimens by using 115In as an internal marker. The ability of gold to eliminate the memory effect of mercury was investigated with the gold amalgamate produced by gold and mercury. Results The limits of detection were in the 0.01 µg/L, and the accuracy of the method ranged from 97.0% to 107.1%. The concentration of gold was 10 µg/L and the memory effect of mercury was resolved. Conclusion The method is accurate, rapid, sensitive and suitable for the cases of mercury poisoning and the clinical diagnosis and monitoring for patients with mercury poisoning. Related Articles | Metrics

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Criminological Characteristics of Female Violent Criminal Suspects SHEN DAN-LIN, LIU JIAN-MEI, HU JUN-MEI 2011, 27(3): 196-199.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.03.011 Abstract ( 1702 )   Objective To study criminological characteristics of female violent criminal suspects who accepted forensic psychiatry assessment. Methods Information of the suspects involved in judicial appraisal between 2000 and 2009 were collected and analyzed according to our self-made scale. Results The age of 259 suspects were between 16 and 81 years old. There were 205（79.2%） suspects who were younger than 45 years old. There were 225（86.9%） suspects who were married. There were 14 different appraisal results： schizophrenia 47.1%, without psychosis 15.4%, depression 10.4% and others 27.1%. Irresponsibility involved with 59.5%, partial responsibility 18.5% and full responsibility 22.0%. Murder were 85.7%, arson 10.4%, inflicted injury 1.9% and robbery 1.9%. A total of 191 cases resulted in death, accounting for 82.3% of all cases. In 34.9% of all cases, the victims were male spouse of the suspects. Main weapons used in the crime were cutters and other working related tools（36.3%）. There were 66.8% of all cases were with pathological motivation, 29.7% with reality motivation and 3.5% cases were with unknown motivation. Conclusion Female violent suspects in our cases often suffered from various kinds of mental diseases. Their motivations were pathological primarily. Most cases were intentional killing with family members as victim mainly. Major weapons used were daily working related tools. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Analysis of 607 Autopsy Cases of Poisoning Death LIANG MAN, ZHENG NA, ZHOU LAN, ET AL 2011, 27(3): 200-204.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.03.012 Abstract ( 1789 )   Objective To provide references for forensic expertise by investigating the kinds of toxicant, routes of exposure and manners of poisoning deaths, etc. Methods Six hundred and seven autopsy cases of poisoning deaths from 1957 to 2008 in Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College（Tongji Forensic Science Identification Center of Hubei）, were comparatively reviewed. Results In 218 cases from 1999 to 2008, more than 50% of decedents were male in the ages of 30-49. The toxicants are usually taken orally and the most common manner of death was accidental. The common substances involved in poisoning death were rodenticide, poisoning gas and insecticide. Compared to the data of 1983-1998 and 1957-1982, the common toxic agents had changed significantly. The number of cases involving insecticide and cyanide poisoning decreased in recent years, and the number of cases of rodenticide, poisoning gas, alcohols poisoning displayed an increase tendency, especially for drugs abuse. Conclusion Poisoning deaths of pesticides remain a major public health problem for a long time and the awareness of prevention need to be raised, especially for the prevention of deaths from multiple poisons. Related Articles | Metrics

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Polymorphic Analysis of 5 Y-SNP Loci in Han Population of Jinan HAN SHU-YI, GAO HONG-MEI, ZHANG MAO-XIU, ET AL 2011, 27(3): 205-207,210.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.03.013 Abstract ( 1959 )   Objective To investigate polymorphism distribution of the 5 Y-SNP loci in Jinan Han population, and evaluate their potential in forensic application. Methods Genotyping of 5 Y-SNP loci（M89, M9, M122, M134, M95） were executed in the sample of 103 unrelated Chinese male individuals in Jinan Han population by using fragment length discrepant allele specific PCR（FLDAS-PCR）. Results In 5 Y-SNP loci, genetic polymorphism were identified in Jinan Han population, and the ranges of gene diversity（GD） were 0.093 3-0.491 2. Twenty different haplotypes were observed and the haplotypes diversity（HD） was 0.867 9. Six different haplogroups were detected according to international association of Y chromosome nomenclature. Conclusion Five Y-SNP loci and their haplogroups in Jinan Han population are highly polymorphic, which can provide more information for the genetic structure analysis and forensic genetics research in the region. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Best Corrected Presenting Distance Visual Acuity in Forensic Medicine LIU RUI-JUE 2011, 27(3): 208-210.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.03.014 Abstract ( 3524 )   At present the sight impairment evaluation in forensic medicine of China is based on the international classification of disease by WHO in 1973. The main measured indicator is “best corrected visual acuity”. It is different from “presenting distance visual acuity” in some situations. In the new blindness and vision loss classification made by WHO in 2003, “presenting distance visual acuity” took the place of the “best corrected visual acuity”. In the practice of forensic medicine, “presenting distance visual acuity” can not reflect the real visual acuity duo to the exaggeration or disguise of the wounded. We suggest to use “the best corrected presenting distance visual acuity” instead of “presenting distance visual acuity” in order to avoid the influences of the exaggeration or disguise of the wounded. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Progress in the Study on Auditory Evoked Potentials CHEN FANG, YANG XIAO-PING, FAN LI-HUA 2011, 27(3): 211-215.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.03.015 Abstract ( 1797 )   Auditory evoked potential（AEP） is the electric activities originating from auditory systems evoked by sound stimulus. AEP include cortical electric response audiometry（CERA）, auditory brainstem evoked response（ABR）, 40 Hz auditory event related potentials （40 Hz AERP）, auditory steady-state response（ASSR）, etc. For the subjects who cannot provide reliable or accurate behavioral hearing threshold, those techniques have been explored to evaluate the behavioral hearing threshold objectively. These techniques are reviewed in this article and are found that they could reflect the behavioral hearing threshold very well. CERA is difficult to operate because it is affected by the subject’s wakefulness. ABR is the most widely used method currently and is not affected by the subject’s consciousness, but it only reflects high frequencies. 40 Hz AERP has good sensitivity, while its results highly depend on the subject’s consciousness. ASSR can be operated by using multiple frequency stimuli simultaneously to both ears and the test time is short. It is still a very difficult task to combine different techniques according to their characteristics in forensic audiology. Related Articles | Metrics