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28 April 2011, Volume 27 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of Soft Tissue Crush Injury on Tensions of Thoracic Aortic Rings in Rats WANG HUI-YUN, YAN JUN, XIANG JIAN, ET AL 2011, 27(2): 81-86,90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.02.001 Abstract ( 1570 )   Objective To observe the effect of soft tissue crush injury on the tensions of thoracic aortic rings（TARs） in rats and to investigate the potential roles of nitric oxide in the change of the tensions. Methods Thirty adult SD rats were randomly divided into control group and crush injury （8 h and 16 h after injury） groups. Two kinds of TARs （one with endothelium and the other without endothelium） in vitro were prepared. In the TARs with endothelium, the tensions induced by phenylephrine（PE）, acetylcholine（Ach）, calcium ionophore A23187 and angiotensin Ⅱ（AngⅡ） were measured by the vascular tension detective technique. Then the TARs with endothelium were preincubated with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine（L-NNA） for 20 minutes, the tensions induced by PE and AngⅡ were measured again. In the TARs without endothelium, the tensions induced by PE and AngⅡ were measured by the same method. Results In the TARs with endothelium, the tension of relaxation induced by cumulative doses of Ach and A23187 decreased significantly in 8 h and 16 h groups. The tension of contraction induced by cumulative doses of PE and AngⅡ also decreased significantly（P<0.05）. The tension of contraction increased after the preincubation with L-NNA. In the TARs without endothelium, the tension of contraction induced by PE and AngⅡincreased comparing to that of TARs with endothelium. Conclusion The soft tissue crush injury can influence the tensions of TARs in rats and the vascular-derived NO can mediate the effects. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Expression of VCAM-1 in Organs of Rats Died of Anaphylactic Shock LI XIAO-JIE, GUO XIANG-JIE, GAO CAI-RONG 2011, 27(2): 87-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.02.002 Abstract ( 1536 )   Objective To investigate the effect and expression of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1（VCAM-1） in organs of rats died of anaphylactic shock. Methods The models of anaphylactic shock in rats were made and the immunohistochemisty of SABC was used to detect as follows： （1） The expression of VCAM-1 in rat lung, heart, brain, kidney, liver, spleen, stomach and intestine. （2） VCAM-1 levels in lungs at 10 min, 30 min after the allergic shock, and the time of death. （3） VCAM-1 levels in lungs of rats after the intervention of anti-VCAM-1. Results After the death, the expression VCAM-1 in lungs increased significantly relative to the control group and followed the extension of shock. In the rats which were injected with the anti-VCAM-1, the expression of VCAM-1 in lungs reduced. Conclusion （1） The expression of VCAM-1 shows difference in the various organs of rats after anaphylactic shock. The change of VCAM-1 is the most obvious in lungs and would increase followed the extension of anaphylactic shock. （2） After the anaphylactic shock, anti-VCAM-1 can inhibit the expression of VCAM-1 in rat lung. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of Pattern Reversal Visual Evoked Potentials P100 with Visual Acuity LI QIAN-QIAN, LIU XIAO-QIN, CHEN XI-PING 2011, 27(2): 91-93,101.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.02.003 Abstract ( 1689 )   Objective To explore pattern reversal visual evoked potential（PRVEP） P100 components in the patients with different visual acuity and the correlation of P100 components with visual acuity using different visual simulation angles. Methods PRVEPs were recorded at Oz point in the patients（100 eyes） with different visual acuity including 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 and induced by pattern reversal visual simulation with the different spatial frequencies（check sizes： 8°-7.5′）. The latency and amplitude of components P100 were analyzed and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software. Results The latency and amplitude of P100 wave showed a curvilinear relationship with check sizes. With check size 1° simulation in 0.2 visual acuity group, the P100 latency reached to the minimum and the P100 amplitude showed peak value. Other groups displayed the best value with check size 30′. The P100 latency and amplitude showed a linear correlation with visual acuity. With the increase of visual acuity, the P100 wave latency decreased and the amplitude increased gradually. Regression models between visual acuity and the P100 wave latency and amplitude were also established. Conclusion The regression functions can be an objective and accurate method to evaluate the visual acuity based on the better simulation angles using PRVEP examination. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between Best Corrected Visual Acuity and Refraction Parameters in Myopia LV YA-PING, XIA WEN-TAO, CHU REN-YUAN, ET AL 2011, 27(2): 94-97.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.02.004 Abstract ( 1770 )   Objective To explore the relationship between best corrected visual acuity（BCVA） and refraction parameters in myopia. Methods Two thousand two hundred and seventy-four patients （4 245 eyes） with different degrees of myopia were collected. Their BCVA, diopter of spherical （DS）, diopter of cylinder （DC）, astigmatism axis, axial length （AL） and corneal thickness were detected. The influence of those parameters on BCVA was studied and the mathematical model of the relationship between BCVA and other parameters including the age and gender of patients was established. Results The logistic regression analysis showed that there were correlations between the BCVA（y） and DS（x1）, DC（x2）, gender（x3）, AL（x4）, corneal thickness（x5）, astigmatism axis（x6） and age（x7） （P<0.05）： y=0.580 6-0.034 0 x1-0.046 8 x2+0.056 5 x3+0.016 5 x4+0.000 7 x5+0.000 2 x6-0.005 8 x7. Conclusion For people with myopia, age, gender and corneal thickness have small effect on BCVA, while the DS, DC, AL and astigmatism axis have significant effect on BCVA. The BCVA would decline following the extension of DS, DC and AL. It is helpful to assess the vision of myopia by analyzing the refraction parameters comprehensively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Evaluation Methods on Upper Limb Dysfunction Caused by Elbow Joint Injury ZHANG MIN, FAN LI-HUA, XIA QING, ET AL 2011, 27(2): 98-101.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.02.005 Abstract ( 1576 )   Objective To compare the degrees of upper limb impairment, which was caused by elbow movement dysfunction, evaluated by “Assessment for Body Impairment of the Injured in Road Traffic Accident”（ABIR） with that evaluated by “Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment（GEPI）”． Methods The impairment degrees of 70 persons with elbow joint movement dysfunction were evaluated by ABIR and GEPI, respectively. And the evaluation results were analyzed and compared． Results There was statistical difference between the results. When the elbow movement could not reach to the functional position, there was great difference between the results. When the elbow movement could reach to the functional position, the difference became smaller. The degrees of impairment, which were evaluated by ABIR, were the same when the elbow joint was rigidity with ankylosis in different positions. The degrees of the dysfunction evaluated by ABIR did not change, but the degrees evaluated by GEPI were V-shape change. Conclusion The difference of upper limb dysfunction degrees evaluated by ABIR and GEPI dependent on whether or not to consider the position of elbow joint rigidity． Related Articles | Metrics

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A Primary Study of Criterion for Source Identification of Gastrointestinal Tumor Sample with Identifiler Multiplex System ZHAO SHU-MIN, ZHANG SU-HUA, LI CHENG-TAO 2011, 27(2): 102-106.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.02.006 Abstract ( 1647 )   Objective To investigate the criterion for source identification of gastrointestinal tumor based on the number of identical allele（IAn） and the number of matched STR locus with 2 identical alleles（A2） in Identifiler system. Methods One hundred and five pairs of gastrointestinal tumor samples and homologous normal samples（TN group） were genotyped with Identifiler system. The numbers of STR locus with genotypic alteration（STRGA） in each tumor were determined by comparing the genotype of the matched STR loci in each pair of samples. According to the limited distribution of IAn and A2, 16 different values of IAn was substituted into the published discriminant functions to obtain the cut-off values of IAn and A2 for source identification of tumor sample. Indices including sensitivity（SEN）, specificity（SPE）, accuracy（AC）, positive predictive value（PPV） and negative predictive value（NPV） for distinguishing tumor from an unrelated individual or a full sibling of the patient were calculated. Concordance of the identification results based on the determined criteria and the definite facts were statistically tested with Kappa index. Results The total frequency of STRGA was 5.46%. There were 31.43% of the 105 tumor samples carried at least one STR locus with STRGA mutation. According to the Fisher discrimination rules, criteriaⅠ（IAn≥23 and A2≥8） and criteriaⅡ（IAn≥26 and A2≥11） meet the requirements of distinguishing tumor sample from an unrelated individual or a full sibling of the patient with tumor, respectively. SEN=0.971 0, PPV=1.000 0, PPV=0.891 9 and Kappa=0.923 5, when the criteria were used to determine the specified relatives. Conclusion CriteriaⅠ and criteriaⅡ were powerful for distinguishing tumor sample from an unrelated individual or a full sibling of the patient with tumor, respectively, when the Identifiler system was adopted for source identification of gastrointestinal tumor sample. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Proteins in Serum and Hippocampus after Closed Brain Injury in Rats SHU QING-MING, LI ZHI-QIANG, LI LING-ZHI, ET AL 2011, 27(2): 107-111.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.02.007 Abstract ( 1665 )   Objective To explore the difference of expression of proteins between the serum and hippocampus after brain injury in rats. Methods Male SD rats were used to establish brain injury model. The changes of proteins expression profile in serum and hippocampus at different time after brain injury were analyzed using weak cationic exchanger （WCX2） chips and immobilized metal affinity capture arrays-Cu （IMAC-Cu） chips by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results A total of 436 protein peaks were detected in serum and 346 protein peaks were detected in hippocampus using WCX2 chips. A total of 229 protein peaks were detected in serum and 345 protein peaks were detected in hippocampus using IMAC-Cu chips. The same 10 protein peaks were respectively detected in serum and hippocampus using WCX2 chips. The same 13 protein peaks were respectively detected in serum and hippocampus using IMAC-Cu chips. Conclusion The changes of protein expression profile in serum and hippocampus are obvious after closed brain injury and show a significant difference. The different proteins detected in serum and hippocampus using the same chip could be biochemical markers for determining brain injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Differentiation and Patterns of Gene Flow of Ten Minorities in Yunnan Province KUANG WEN-JIAN, HUANG PING, TUO YA, ET AL 2011, 27(2): 112-116.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.02.008 Abstract ( 1719 )   Objective To explore the features of genetic differentiation and gene flow of ten minorities in Yunnan province according to nine CODIS short tandem repeat（STR） loci （CSF1PO, FGA, TH01, TPOX, vWA, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820 and D13S317）. Methods Heterozygosity and parameters of population differentiation such as F, θ, f and Gst at each locus were calculated. DA genetic distance and fixation index Fst were calculated by Phylip 3.6 and Arlequin 3.0 software, respectively. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by Mega 3.0, and the patterns of gene flow were analyzed by R-matrix model. Results It showed that average genetic heterogeneity in ten minorities was above 0.7. Significant difference was found for most of the loci in genetic differentiation. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the ten minorities were divided into two clusters. The results of the R-matrix analysis showed that the gene flow of Yi and Dai minorities were higher than that of other minorities, while the pattern of gene flow of Dulong minority demonstrated some of the isolation. Conclusion Nine STR loci commonly used in forensic identification show a high polymorphism. Heterozygosity can be used for investigating genetic differentiation and gene flow of minority. The ten minorities in Yunnan are independent populations, while the level of differentiation is not high. The relationship in evolution is not far from each other and shows a widely gene flow among the minorities. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability of Estazolam in Dog Tissues Preserved in Formaldehyde Solution YUAN JIU-XI, WANG YU-JIN, YUN KE-MING 2011, 27(2): 117-119,124.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.02.009 Abstract ( 2111 )   Objective To investigate the stability of estazolam in biological samples preserved in formaldehyde solution. Methods The dog was given intragastric administration of estazolam with a dose of 37.6 mg/kg and killed 2 h later. Heart, liver, kidney and brain of the dog were cut up into 1 g and preserved in 4％ formaldehyde solution respectively. The content of estazolam in biological samples and formaldehyde solution were analyzed by HPLC at different times. Results The content of estazolam in heart, liver, kidney and brain or in formaldehyde solution reduced gradually followed with the extention of preservation time. At the 63 th day, estazolam content in four tissues were 0.8％, 1.7％, 1.0％ and 2.2％ of the original content respectively. Conclusion Estazolam in tissues can diffuse into formaldehyde solution and decomposed quickly, so biological samples contained estazolam should not be preserved in formaldehyde solution. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between the Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Docosahexaenoic Acid and the Aggressive Behavior in Mice LIU CHAO, CAI WEI-XIONG 2011, 27(2): 120-124.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.02.010 Abstract ( 2073 )   Objective To explore the correlation between the eicosapentaenoic acid（EPA）, docosahexaenoic acid（DHA） and the aggressive behavior in mice. Methods Seventy-two male Kunming mice were divided into control group, fish oil group, simvastatin group and aggressive reference group randomly. The control group, fish oil group and simvastatin group were given normal saline, fish oil and simvastatin by irrigation respectively for 3 months consecutively, each mouse was raised isolatedly. The latent period of assault, the frequencies of tail swing and assault, and the cumulative time of assault were recorded at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Finally, the EPA and DHA in brain were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. The aggressive reference group was raised without intervention and was evaluated as aggressive reference only. Results （1） Before intervention, the latent period of assault, the frequencies of tail swing, the frequencies of assault, and the cumulative time of assault were not significantly different from each other group. After intervention, the differences were significant（P<0.05）. （2） After the intervention, the content of EPA and DHA in mice brain was the most in the fish oil group, and the least in the simvastatin group. （3） The content of EPA was negatively related with the four indexes（P<0.05） before and after the intervention. The content of DHA was negatively related with the frequencies of tail swing and assault（P<0.05）. Conclusion There is a correlation between the EPA, DHA and aggressive behavior in mice under stress. Related Articles | Metrics

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Twenty Autopsy Cases of Anaphylactic Shock Induced by Cephalosporins DU ZHONG-BO, ZHU YU, TAN HONG, ET AL 2011, 27(2): 125-128.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.02.011 Abstract ( 1901 )   Objective To explore the characteristics of autopsy cases of anaphylactic shock induced by cephalosporins and provide the evidences in forensic medicine. Methods Twenty cases of anaphylactic shock induced by cephalosporins were collected from April 2005 to August 2009 in judicial expertise center of China Medical University, and the characteristics of the cases were analyzed retrospectively. Results The age of decedents ranged from 40 to 60 years. Ninety percent of cases were from local medical centers and private clinics. The symptoms of the shock appeared 30 s-150 min after the administration of the drug, and death occurred 10 min-210 min after the appearance of the shock symptoms. In all cases, various degrees of eosinophil infiltration were observed in trachea and the lungs. Serum IgE detected by ELISA method was normal value in 14 cases. Conclusion In fatal anaphylactic cases, little specific findings are detected during postmortem and microscope examination. For this reason, the determination of cause of death in these cases requires comprehensive analysis combined with clinic information and excludes other diseases leading to the sudden death. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Prediction and Assessment of Youth Violence ZHANG LU-LU, XIE BIN 2011, 27(2): 129-132,138.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.02.012 Abstract ( 1569 )   Youth violence is a public health and social issue of global concern. It will be helpful to reduce the incidence of youth violence if the risk factors and prediction methods can be fully comprehended. This paper summarized the risk factors of youth violence in the aspects of the individual factors, the social psychological factors and the biological factors. Meanwhile, the status of prediction and assessment of youth violence are reviewed, with expectation to reduce youth violence and contribute to further research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of mtDNA Polymorphism in Species Identification of Sarcosaphagous Insects LI XIANG, CAI JI-FENG 2011, 27(2): 133-138.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.02.013 Abstract ( 1766 )   Species identification of sarcosaphagous insects is one of the important steps in forensic research based on the knowledge of entomology. Recent studies reveal that the application of molecular biology, especially the mtDNA sequences analysis, works well in the species identification of sarcosaphagous insects. The molecular biology characteristics, structures, polymorphism of mtDNA of sarcosaphagous insects, and the recent studies in species identification of sarcosaphagous insects are reviewed in this article. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Motor Evoked Potential and Its Forensic Application CAO LEI, CHEN WEI-ZHONG, ZHANG LING-LI 2011, 27(2): 139-141.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.02.014 Abstract ( 1637 )   Transcranial magnetic stimulation-motor evoked potential（TMS-MEP） test is one of the electrophysiological examination methods to evaluate the function of central nervous system. The value of the TMS-MEP has been recognized by some clinical forensic workers recently. This article reviews the principle and advantages of TMS-MEP and its application in functional evaluation of central nervous system and clinical treatment. The value of TMS-MEP in forensic medicine, especially in objective assessment of muscle strength after injury of central nervous system is also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics