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28 June 2012, Volume 28 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Relationship between PMI and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectral Changes in Muscle of Rats after Death Caused by Mechanical Asphyxial LI SHI-YING, SHAO YU, LI ZHENG-DONG, ET AL 2012, 28(3): 161-166.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2012.03.001 Abstract ( 1663 )   Objective To observe the postmortem degradation process in rat myocardium and skeletal muscle using Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectroscopy and to provide a new method for estimating postmortem interval（PMI）. Methods Left ventricle and skeletal muscles of rats dying of mechanical asphyxiated were sampled at different PMIs. The changes of different chemical functional group in the myocardium and skeletal muscle samples were measured by FTIR spectroscopy. The different absorbance（A） ratios of peaks were calculated and the curve estimation analysis between absorbance ratios（x） and PMI（y） were performed to establish six mathematical models. Results FTIR spectral absorption peak of rat myocardium and skeletal muscle showed three changes: increase, decrease and stable. The cubic model function showed the strongest correlation coefficient. The A1 080/A1 396 ratio of skeletal muscle showed the strongest correlation coefficient （r=0.832） with more accurate determination of PMI. Conclusion FTIR spectroscopy can be potentially used as an effective method for estimating PMI in forensic practice using myocardium and skeletal muscle. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Serum Total IgE, Tryptase and Chymase in the Identification of Death Caused by Drug Anaphylactic Shock WANG HONG-JIE, SONG WEI-PING, YANG YU, ET AL 2012, 28(3): 167-171.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2012.03.002 Abstract ( 1738 )   Objective To explore the application value of serum total IgE, tryptase and chymase in the identification of death caused by drug anaphylactic shock. Methods The general information from 235 cases of non-drug anaphylactic shock and 32 cases of drug anaphylactic shock were analyzed. The serum IgE level had been detected in the cases. Ten cases caused by coronary disease and 10 cases caused by sudden manhood death syndrome were selected from non-drug anaphylactic shock cases for the control group. Expressions of tryptase and chymase in the lung and heart were detected using immunohistochemistry method. The number and IOD of positive mast cells were counted. Results In the drug anaphylactic shock group, the IgE value of 18 samples（56.25%） was significantly higher than the normal upper limit of 120 IU/mL. In the non-drug anaphylactic shock group, the IgE value of 67 samples（28.51%） was higher than 120 IU/mL. The expressions of tryptase and chymase were significantly increased in lung and myocardial tissue in drug anaphylactic shock group（P＜0.05）. Conclusion Tryptase and chymase are more superior than that of the serum total IgE in the diagnosis of death caused by drug anaphylactic shock, and are more suitable in forensic practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Basophil CD63 Expression in the Blood of the Anaphylactic Shock Rat JING LI-XIA, GUO XIANG-JIE, JIN QIAN-QIAN, ET AL 2012, 28(3): 172-174，178.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2012.03.003 Abstract ( 1701 )   Objective To explore the value of flow cytometry in anaphylactic shock diagnosis by CD63 expression being detected using flow cytometry to conform the activation of basophils. Methods Sixteen rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group and anaphylactic shock group. The model of anaphylactic shock rat with ovalbumin injection was established. CD63, CD45 and CD203c antibody combination, flow cytometry was employed to detected blood basophil CD63 expression. Immunofluorescence method was employed to observe the CD63 immunofluorescence staining in the rat lung tissue. Results （1） Pure basophils were obtained by CD45 and CD203c gating. （2） The percentages of basophils CD63 were （17.34±2.04）% and （1.52±0.35）% in the experimental and control group, respectively. The differences between two groups were statistically significant（P<0.01）. （3） Compared with the control group, the expression of CD63 in basophils increased in anaphylactic shock lung tissue. Conclusion The detection of CD63 by flow cytometry could be the supplement of vivo allergic reactions and have good clinical value. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of Prostaglandin D2，Carboxypeptidase A3 and Platelet Activating Factor in Guinea Pig in Anaphylactic Shock YANG KAI, GUO XIANG-JIE, YAN XUE-BIN, ET AL 2012, 28(3): 175-178.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2012.03.004 Abstract ( 1650 )   Objective To detect the changes of leukotriene E4（LTE4）, prostaglandin D2（PGD2）, carboxypeptidase A3（CPA3） and platelet activating factor（PAF） in guinea pigs died from anaphylactic shock. Methods Guinea pigs were used for establishing anaphylactic shock models. The levels of LTE4, PGD2 and CPA3, and PAF were detected in urine, plasma, and brain tissues with ELISA kit, respectively. The significant biomarkers were selected comparing with control group. The changes of PGD2, CPA3 and PAF in the guinea pigs at time zero, 12 and 24 hours after death were observed and compared respectively. The effect of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase（PAF-AH） to PAF in guinea pig brain was examined and compared. Results There were no statistically differences of LTE4 levels in urine observed between experimental group and control group. The levels of CPA3, PGD2 and PAF in the experimental group were significantly higher than that in the control group at 0 h. The levels of PAF at 12 and 24 hours after anaphylactic shock were significantly higher than that in the control group. The levels of PAF decreased significantly after pretreatment with PAF-AH. Conclusion LTE4 in urine cannot be selected as a biomarker to determine the anaphylactic shock. PGD2 and CPA3 in plasma, and PAF in brain tissue may be used as biomarkers to determine the anaphylactic shock. PAF-AH may be potentially useful for clinical treatment of anaphylactic shock. Related Articles | Metrics

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Time-Dependent Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor after Acute Myocardial Ischemia in Rats MAO RUI-MING, DU ZHONG-BO, GAO WEI-MIN, ET AL 2012, 28(3): 179-184.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2012.03.005 Abstract ( 1429 )   Objective To investigate the immunohistochemical distributions and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） in the model of rat myocardial ischemia. Methods The model of myocardial ischemia was established by ligating the left anterior descending（LAD） coronary artery of rats. The changes of VEGF expression were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot at time points after myocardial ischemia. The electrocardiographic changes were evaluated uninterruptedly. Results The expression of VEGF was not be found in control group. Fifteen minutes after LAD ligation, weak positive expression of VEGF were found in the ischemic myocardium. The expression of VEGF reached the peak at 3 hours after ligation. The VEGF distribution was mainly localized in the ischemic and peri-ischemic regions. Six hours after LAD ligation, the expression of VEGF decreased comparing with 3 hours and showed a relatively higher level. Fatal arrhythmia was found in nine rats by the electrocardiograph. Conclusion The immunohistochemical staining of VEGF could be helpful for investigating the location and severity of acute myocardial ischemia. Fatal arrhythmia may be secondary to myocardial ischemia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inspection of Left Metal Particles on Skin Impacted by the Steel Hammers WANG YANG, ZHAO CHUN-MEI, WANG QI, ET AL 2012, 28(3): 185-187.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2012.03.006 Abstract ( 1508 )   Objective To establish a new method to estimate injury-tool by analyzing the components of left metal particles from hammers impact on pig skin and filter paper using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （SEM-EDX）. Methods The pig skin and filter paper were stricken by two steel hammers. The left metal particles were examined by SEM-EDX and the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 13.0. Results The characteristics of left particles showed stable by several impacts using one steel hammer. The left particles showed no statistical difference for impact on pig skin and filter paper. The left particles displayed a statistical difference using two hammer with different components. Conclusion SEM-EDX can be used to detect the left metal particles from the steel hammer and can provide a method for estimating injury-tool. Related Articles | Metrics

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MSCT Optimal Examination Time for Unconspicuous Rib Fracture ZHANG MING-GUI, KONG JIANG-MING, ZHENG YONG, ET AL 2012, 28(3): 188-189，194.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2012.03.007 Abstract ( 1541 )   Objective To explore MSCT optimal examination time for patients with unconspicuous rib fracture. Methods Sixty-three patients with thoracic trauma from January 2009 to June 2011 were collected. They were examined by MSCT in the first week after trauma and re-examined during eighth weeks after trauma. The number of rib which had been found fractured in the first examination was compared to that in re-examinations. Results Patients with fine rib fracture often have different diagnostic results at different examination time after trauma. There was statistical difference between the number in the first week and the third week to the fifth week. Conclusion MSCT could show the pathophysiological changes of rib fracture objectively in the stage between the third week and the fifth week after trauma, which is optimal examination time for the fine rib fracture. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Sibling Brothers Using STR and Y-biallelic Markers TANG MEI-YUN, HUANG JIAN, CAI JIN-HONG, ET AL 2012, 28(3): 190-194.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2012.03.008 Abstract ( 1902 )   Objective To explore the methods for identification of sibling brothers with Y-STR locus mutation by detection of genetic markers on autosome and Y-biallelic. Methods Goldeneye 20A and 18NC kit were used to genotyped the 35 STRs on autosome from two men. PowerPlex® Y kit and Yfiler kit were used to genotyped the 16 STRs on Y chromosome full sibling index was calculated by ITO method. Twenty Y-biallelic markers were genotyped by fragment length discrepant allele specific PCR or general PCR. Results Relationship of sibling brothers was found to have mutation of 2 loci on 16 Y-STR and the identical genetype of 20 Y-biallelic markers as well as a cumulative full sibling index of 4.314 9×106 from 35 STRs on autosome. Conclusion In identification of paternal linage of Y-STR mutation, more genetic information can be acquired by detection of Y-biallelic markers including SNP and InDel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Polymorphisms of rs4906902 and rs8179184 Loci in the Promoter of the GABRB3 Gene and Their Relevance with Schizophrenia SUN XUE-FEI, DING MEI, SUN YING, ET AL 2012, 28(3): 195-197.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2012.03.009 Abstract ( 1627 )   Objective To investigate the polymorphisms of rs4906902 and rs8179184 loci in the promoter of the gamma-aminobutyric acid（GABA） receptor A, β3 subunit gene（GABRB3）， and their relevance with schizophrenia. Methods PCR and DNA sequencing were used to detect the polymorphisms of rs4906902 and rs8179184 loci in 210 healthy individuals（control group） and 206 schizophrenic patients（case group） of the Han population in northern China. The χ2 test was used to identify Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of the genotype distribution in the control group followed by comparing differences in genotype and haplotype frequency distributions between two groups. Results Distributions of the genotype frequencies fit the law of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control group. rs4906902 and rs8179184 loci were in linkage disequilibrium and showed two haplotypes which were T-G and C-A. The differences of genotypic frequencies and haplotype frequencies were statistically significant between the two groups（P<0.05）. The frequency of haplotype C-A in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group. Genotypic and haplotype frequencies in the maternal line and paternal line were statistically significant in the case group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The haplotype of C-A in rs4906902 and rs8179184 loci in the promoter of GABRB3 gene may be maternally inherited and positively associated with schizophrenia and may be a useful tool in the forensic identification of schizophrenia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Postmortem Distribution of Tetrodotoxin in Tissues and Body Fluids of Guinea Pigs LIU WEI, DA QING, SHEN MIN 2012, 28(3): 198-200.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2012.03.010 Abstract ( 1703 )   Objective To investigate the postmortem distribution of tetrodotoxin in tissues and body fluids of guinea pig, and to provide method and evidence for forensic identification and clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Guinea pigs were intragastric administrated with 100, 50, 15 μg/kg tetrodotoxin, respectively. The poisoning symptoms were observed. The samples of heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, stomach, intestines, bile, heart blood and urine were collected. The concentrations of tetrodotoxin in tissues and body fluids were measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS）. Results After administrated with tetrodotoxin, all guinea pigs came out poisoning signs including tachypnea, weary and dead finally. Tetrodotoxin concentrations in lung, stomach, intestines and urine were higher, followed by blood, heart and brain. The concentration in bile was the lowest. Conclusion Postmortem distribution of tetrodotoxin in guinea pig is uneven. The concentration in the lung, stomach, intestines, urine and heart blood are higher, those tissues could be used for diagnosis of tetrodotoxin poisoning. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 12 Death Cases of Medical Tangles after Trauma ZHANG YUN-LOU, CHEN YI-MIN, WANG LI-XIN, ET AL 2012, 28(3): 201-203.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2012.03.011 Abstract ( 1542 )   Objective To explore the main problems and ideas in the death cases of medical tangles after trauma. Methods Twelve death cases of medical tangles after trauma were selected from a forensic science institute during recent six years. Traumatic conditions, medical malpractices and contribute degree of malpractice were estimated and analyzed. Results The reasons of trauma included accidents and intentional injury. Among these cases, there were 10 involved in malpractice, of which 7 cases played secondary role. Conclusion Diagnosis, symptom observation and emergency therapy are the important keys for determining the responsibility in death cases of medical tangles after trauma. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Diagnosis of Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction WANG FEI-XIANG, ZHU GUANG-YOU 2012, 28(3): 204-206，210.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2012.03.012 Abstract ( 1460 )   Recently, with application of evoked potentials technology in the test of somatic and autonomic nerves, quantitative sensory testing in the detection of small nerve fiber function, and functional magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of senior central function, the detection of neural function has become more accurate. This article reviews the progress and application of diagnostic methods about neurogenic erectile dysfunction in order to provide a reference for forensic diagnosis and research in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging and 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Diagnosis of Traumatic Brain Injury ZHAO ZHAO, YU JIAN-YUN, WU KUN-HUA, ET AL 2012, 28(3): 207-210.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2012.03.013 Abstract ( 1582 )   Mild traumatic brain injury （mTBI） is a common type of brain disorders among young adults. The dysfunction of the brain is often exacerbated due to diffuse axonal injury（DAI） which based on the injury of white matter fibers and axons. Since mild and moderate brain injury or DAI are diffuse and subtle, conventional CT and MRI are difficult to make a positive diagnosis. Recent clinical study indicated that functional magnetic resonance imaging has a high detection rate in the diagnosis of acute mild and moderate brain injury, especially the diffusion tensor imaging（DTI） and 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H-MRS）. This paper has reviewed the principles and characteristics of DTI and 1H-MRS, and recent research in the clinical and animal experiments on brain injury. Related Articles | Metrics