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28 February 2014, Volume 30 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Relationship between PMI and Relative Expression of Myocardial Various RNAs in Rats Died of Different Causes Lü YE-HUI, ZHANG HENG, PAN HUI, ET AL. 2014, 30(1): 7-12.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.01.002 Abstract ( 1550 )   Objective To observe the changes of relative expression of myocardial various RNAs in rats died of different causes and their relationship with PMI. Methods The rat models were established in which the rats were sacrificed by broken neck, asphyxia, and hemorrhagic shock. Total RNAs were extracted from myocardium. The quantitative real time PCR was used to calculate threshold cycle values of RNAs including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH）, β-actin, inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 （HIF-1）, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, and U6 small nuclear RNA （U6 snRNA） and to study the changes of the relative expressions of various indexes with PMI. Results U6 snRNA with stable expression level could be used as appropriate internal control. In the early PMI, the relative expression of GAPDH, HIF-1, iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 more characteristically increased in groups of asphyxia and hemorrhagic shock than in group of broken neck, but the quantity of β-actin decreased in all groups. In the late PMI, all the relative expressions significantly declined in correlation with the degradation of RNA. Conclusion The characteristic changes of each RNA expression can be used as references to estimate PMI in deaths by different causes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Apoptosis in Rat Hepatocyte JI YING-LEI, YAN JUN, WANG YAN-SHA, ET AL. 2014, 30(1): 13-18.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.01.003 Abstract ( 1808 )   Objective To investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS） in lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Methods Cells of the rat hepatocyte line BRL were cultured. The hepatocytes were treated with LPS, ERS inducer thapsigargin （TG）, and ERS inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid （4-PBA）, respectively or in their different combination. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The cyto-nuclear morphological changes of apoptosis cells were detected by the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258. The apoptosis rate was assessed by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining. Expressions of GRP78 as ERS marker protein, CHOP, caspase-12 and cleaved-caspase-3 as ERS related protein were detected by Western blotting. Results LPS could cause a decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis rate in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The expression of GRP78, CHOP, caspase-12 and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins were significantly increased with LPS treatment. TG led to a marked decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis rate, which aggravated the hepatocyte injury induced by LPS; whereas 4-PBA alleviated LPS-induced apoptosis. Conclusion ERS mediates LPS-induced hepatocyte injuries, indicating that ERS may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced hepatocyte injuries. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of MDA, SOD, TNF-α, and IL-1β in Rat Brain Tissue after Concussion GAO FENG, ZHAO LI, GU ZHEN-YONG, ET AL 2014, 30(1): 19-22.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.01.004 Abstract ( 1502 )   Objective To observe the changes of malondialdehyde （MDA）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）,tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in rat brain tissue and to explore the mechanism of secondary cerebral injury after brain concussion. Methods The brain concussion model was established with the pathological changes of rat brain tissue by Weil stain. The expressions of MDA and SOD in brain tissue were examined by photochemical method. The expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were examined by immunochemistry. Results Nerve myelin sheath showed disorder, disruption, gryposis and swelling by Weil stain. Above changes were more severe at 12 h. The quantity of MDA in rat brain tissue after concussion was significantly higher than that in the control group. The activity of SOD was significantly lower than that in the control group. The expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β increased more significantly in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in rat brain tissue after concussion than that in the control group. Conclusion Oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in the rat brain tissue, which may play an important role in secondary cerebral injury after concussion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Function Disorder Assessment on Patients with Mild Psychiatric Impairment due to Road Traffic Accidents 2014, 30(1): 23-26.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.01.005 Abstract ( 1514 )   Objective To explore the methods to assess the function disorder of patients with mild psychiatric impairment due to road traffic accidents. Methods In contrast to that of the patient with physical impairment, the function disorder of the patient with mild psychiatric impairment was assessed by the standard assessment instruments, such as the Barthel index of ADL （BI）, Functional Activities Questionnaire （FAQ）, Social Disability Screening Schedule （SDSS）, Activity of Daily Living Scale （ADL）, Physical Self-maintenance Scale （PSMS）, and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale （IADL）. Results Except BI, the each total score of FAQ, SDSS, ADL, PSMS, and IADL correlated well with the rank of psychiatric impairment. The difference of each total score of rating scales among different physical impairment rank was not statistically significant. At the impairment rank of level 10, the difference of each total score of FAQ and ADL was not significant between the two groups; each total score of BI, SDSS, and IADL in psychiatric impairment was higher than that of physical impairment, while the total score of PSMS in psychiatric impairment was lower than that of physical impairment. At the level 9, except PSMS, the each total score of BI, FAQ, SDSS, IADL and ADL in psychiatric impairment was higher than that of physical impairment. At the level 8, except BI and PSMS, the each total score of FAQ, SDSS, IADL and ADL in psychiatric impairment was higher than that of physical impairment. Conclusion The different criteria for assessment of mild psychiatric and physical impairment may exist, and appropriate indexes for assessment between physical and psychiatric impairment need to be further elucidated. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of NOS1AP Gene Polymorphisms with Sudden Unexpected Death in Chinese Han Population HUANG JING-LU, HAO BO, WANG XIAO-GUANG, ET AL. 2014, 30(1): 27-30，35.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.01.006 Abstract ( 1983 )   Objective To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphism of NOS1AP gene with sudden unexpected death （SUD） during daily activities. Methods  The heart blood samples were collected from 60 SUD cases in normal daily activities as SUD group and the peripheral blood samples from 80 random unrelated cases as control group. The genome DNAs from all cases were isolated and the gene sequences were analyzed from specific primers of some SNP （rs10494366, rs10918859, rs12143842, rs12742393, rs3751284, and rs348624） of NOS1AP. The allele frequency and genotype frequency were calculated and the difference in these SNP between SUD group and control group were analyzed. Results The allele frequency and genotype frequency of rs3751284 which located at the sixth exon domain had significant statistical differences between the two groups （P<0.05）. The minor allele frequency of rs3751284 was 0.325 in SUD group and was 0.475 in control group. Conclusion rs3751284 might be a susceptibility locus for SUD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship among ALDH2 Gene Polymorphism, Alcohol Metabolism and Acetaldehyde Level in Peripheral Blood XIONG HUI, WANG WEI, YE YI, ET AL. 2014, 30(1): 31-35.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.01.007 Abstract ( 1581 )   Objective To explore alcohol pharmacokinetics as well as acetaldehyde level in peripheral blood in human subjects with different ALDH2 genotypes after drinking. Methods Venous blood samples of 14 unrelated volunteers were collected. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technology was adopted for DNA extraction and ALDH2 genotyping. The volunteers were asked to drink beer at certain doses. The concentration of alcohol and acetaldehyde were assayed by headspace gas chromatography method at different time. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Results According to the results of electrophoresis, 5 people carried ALDH2*1/*1 as wild group and 9 people carried ALDH2*1/*2 as mutation group. The good linear range of alcohol and acetaldehyde were 0-1 570.7 μg/mL and 0-5.177 2 μg/mL, respectively. The AUC values of alcohol and acetaldehyde and the t1/2z value of alcohol were higher in the mutation group than that in the wild group. But the CL/F value of alcohol was lower in the mutation group than that in the wild group （P<0.05）. Conclusion After the consumption of alcohol, alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism in blood slow down in ALDH2*1/*2 mutation group influenced by the inhibition of enzyme activity, leading to the accumulation of acetaldehyde in peripheral blood, thus reinforcing their effects in the body. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Analysis of 7 Infant Homicide Cases in Suzhou WEI MING, ZHU JIN-LONG, ZHANG LU, ET AL. 2014, 30(1): 41-43,46.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.01.009 Abstract ( 1471 )   Objective To discuss and summarize the major characteristics, autopsy examination, and scene investigation in infant homicide cases. Methods From 2008 to 2013 in Suzhou, the information of seven detected infant homicide cases were collected and analyzed. Results The criminal suspects were victims’ mothers with young ages and pregnancies were premarital. Infant homicide cases occurred at the same location of the delivery. The infants died of mechanical asphyxia in the majority of the cases. Most bodies were naked and their umbilical cords were not cut by iatrogenic method and didn’t connect with the bodies. Conclusion The standardization of forensic investigation can improve the analysis and detection of infant homicide cases. Related Articles | Metrics

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1 483 Cases of Paternity Test with STR Loci Mutation SHUAI LI, WANG JUN, JING QIANG, ET AL 2014, 30(1): 44-46.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.01.010 Abstract ( 1798 )   Objective To observe and analyze the mutation phenomenon of 17 STR loci of PowerPlex?誖18D Kit in paternity test of Yunnan population. Methods The DNA was extracted by Chelex-100 method. The PowerPlex?誖18D Kit was used to test 1 483 cases and their conclusions of paternity tests were verified. Results In the 1 483 cases, 1 047 were parental triplet and 436 were uniparental diad. A total of 2 530 times of meiosis was observed. One STR locus mutation was observed in 24 cases. And 11 mutation loci were found in the 17 STR loci. Conclusion STR loci mutation is a common phenomenon. We should collect the data of STR loci mutation, choose other good polymorphism, low mutation rate of genetic markers, to ensure that the results are accurate and reliable. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of the Multiplex Genotyping System for 16 SNP Loci on mtDNA WU DAN, NIE YAN-CHAI, CAO YU, ET AL. 2014, 30(1): 47-49.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.01.011 Abstract ( 1557 )   Objective To establish a multiplex genotyping system of mtDNA SNP. Methods A multiplex analysis system of 16-plex mtDNA SNP loci was established with allele specific PCR and capillary electrophoresis genotyping technology. Fifty samples from unrelated Chinese Han individuals were typed with the multiplex system. The multiplex assay was validated by comparing with the direct sequencing method. Results The genotypes of all 50 samples were correctly determined by the multiplex system. The optimal genotypic graphs were obtained with an input DNA of 0.5-10 pg, and the typing results were completely consistent with those by direct sequencing method. Conclusion The established multiplex system by allele specific PCR has high sensitivity, operational simplicity and high accuracy. It provides an effective and high output method for mtDNA SNP typing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction of Sperm DNA from Mixed Stain by the Modified Differential Lysis Method Combined with Silicon Bead Method HAN HAI-JUN, ZHANG YU-HONG, YANG MIN, ET AL. 2014, 30(1): 50-51,54.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.01.012 Abstract ( 1703 )   Objective To extract sperm DNA from mixed stain by the modified differential lysis method combined with silicon bead method and to evaluate its application value. Methods Fifty-two mixed stains containing female STR genotypes detected by differential lysis method were collected. The sperm DNA was extracted by the modified method combined with silicon bead method, then genotyped with the IdentifilerTM Kit, and compared with the results of genotyping by the conventional differential lysis method as control. Results Of the 52 samples, 38 samples with sole male STR genotypes in all loci were detected. The detection rate of male STR genotypes was 98.08% through the modified method combined with silicon bead method. Conclusion The modified differential lysis method combined with silicon bead method can be used in extraction of sperm DNA from mixed stain. Related Articles | Metrics

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ApoB Gene Genetic Polymorphism of Han Nationality and Mongolian Nationality in Midwest Area of Inner Mongolia LIU YANG, JI JUN, BAO WU-REN-TU-YA, ET AL. 2014, 30(1): 52-54.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.01.013 Abstract ( 1541 )   Objective To study ApoB gene genetic polymorphism of Han nationality and Mongolian nationality in midwest area of Inner Mongolia. Methods Some unrelated individuals of Han nationality and Mongolian nationality in midwest area of Inner Mongolia were selected. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technology was used to check the presence of XbaⅠ（X+） and EcoRⅠ（E-） sites of rare alleles. The genotype frequency, allelic frequency and population genetics parameters were calculated. Results The frequencies of XbaⅠ（X+） and EcoRⅠ（E-） rare alleles were 2% and 4.6% in Han population. There was no XbaⅠ（X+） or EcoRⅠ（E-） rare alleles found in Mongolian nationality. Conclusion The allelic frequencies of ApoB gene XbaⅠ and EcoRⅠ sites are very different in different races. These sites may be used in identification of ethnicity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection Technologies of microRNA and Their Prospects for Forensic Applications WANG ZHENG, ZHANG JI, TANG DAN-ZHOU, ET AL. 2014, 30(1): 55-59.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.01.014 Abstract ( 2170 )   MicroRNA （miRNA） belongs to a class of small, non-coding RNA molecules that contains 18-25 nucleotides and regulates gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Many miRNAs are highly conserved and display timing- and tissue-specific expression. With the advance of the miRNA detection technologies, miRNA has been introduced to forensic science as a potentially novel set of genetic markers of forensic body fluid identification, species identification and PMI estimation. In this article, the detection methodologies of miRNA are reviewed, and their potential applications in forensic practice and research future are also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics