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28 April 2014, Volume 30 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Diatoms in Drowned and Postmortem Immersed Rabbits’ Lungs LI XIANG-YANG, ZHAO JIAN, LIU CHAO, ET AL. 2014, 30(2): 81-84.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.02.001 Abstract ( 2060 )    Objective To investigate the numbers, sizes and types distribution of diatoms in drowned and postmortem immersed rabbits’ lungs. Methods Sixty-two rabbits were randomly divided into drowning group （n=30）, postmortem immersion group （n=30） and land death group （n=2）, and the diatoms in each lung lobe were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by microwave digestion and scanning electron microscopy. Results In the drowning group, the diatoms were detected in each lung lobe with Cyclotella and Melosira in the majority. In the postmortem immersion group, Cyclotella was in the majority. And the diatoms weren’t detected in some lung lobes in postmortem immersion. There were significant differences in the detection rates of upper lobe of left lung, middle lobe and cardiac lobe of right lung in two groups （P<0.05）. Conclusion Based on the microwave digestion and scanning electron microscopy, the numbers, sizes and types distribution of diatoms in drowned and postmortem immersed rabbits’ lungs can be analyzed and used as references for testing theory. Related Articles | Metrics

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Time-related Expression of IL-6、IL-8 and TNF-α Following Explosive Injury to Rabbit’s Chest HE MENG, DONG LI-MIN, HOU XIAO-BIN 2014, 30(2): 85-87.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.02.002 Abstract ( 1922 )   Objective To explore the relationship between the expression changes of cytokines, interleukin-6（IL-6）, interleukin-8（IL-8）, and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, and the wound time following explosive injury to rabbit’s chest. Methods The rabbit’s model of explosive injury was established. The expression levels of IL-6、 IL-8 and TNF-α in the plasma were detected by ELISA method at different wound time （0.5-12 h）. Results The level of IL-6 increased at 3 h after wounding and reached peak at 6 h. The level of IL-8 increased at 1 h and reached peak at 6 h. The level of TNF-α increased at 0.5 h and reached peak at 3 h. Conclusion IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α have a time-related expression after explosive injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Posture Evoked Response Detecting in Normal Lower Limb Muscle and Its Influencing Factors CHENG DONG-MEI, ZHOU XIAO-RONG, FAN LI-HUA, ET AL. 2014, 30(2): 88-92.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.02.003 Abstract ( 1769 )   Objective To analyze the latency of posture evoked response of normal lower limb muscle in different stimulations and explore its influencing factors. Methods The normal lower limb was induced to produce postural evoked response by the dynamic posturography through two kinds of perturbations, the supporting surface rotation stimulation （Toes-up and Toes-down） and the horizontal perturbation stimulation （Forward and Backward）. The latencies of tibialis anterior muscle and gastrocnemius muscle were recorded by surface electromyography acquisition system. The differences of the left and right limb, gender and height on the latency of postural evoked response were analyzed. Results （1） Under the Toes-up and Backward perturbation, the latency of tibialis anterior muscle was longer than gastrocnemius muscle; under the Toes-down and Forward perturbation, the latency of gastrocnemius muscle was longer than tibialis anterior muscle. （2） The latencies of left limb and right limb had no significant difference. （3） The latency in male was longer than that in female. （4） The latency gradually increased with the increase of height. Conclusion In the postural evoked response, different perturbations, gender and height have significant impacts on the latency of posture evoked response of lower limb muscle. However, the effect of height and gender should be not considered referring to the same individual. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relevance between Writing Characteristic and Therapeutic Effect in Schizophrenia LI CHUN-YAN, CAI WEI-XIONG 2014, 30(2): 93-95.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.02.004 Abstract ( 1801 )   Objective To explore the relevance between writing characteristic and therapeutic effect in schizophrenia and to discuss the influence of aggressive behavior on writing characteristic. Methods Recoding the casual and fixed writing in admission, one week, two weeks, four weeks, eight weeks after treatment and rating Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale（PANSS） and Modified Overt Aggression Scale （MOAS）. Choosing two characteristics, “relationship between font and grid lines” and “having big strokes or not”, and comparing before and after treatment. Results Eight weeks after treatment, the score of PANSS decreased. The condition of patients and the writing characteristic improved as well. The differences of writing characteristics were statistically significant in patients with aggressive behavior before and after treatment （P<0.05）. Conclusion The writing characteristic has relation with therapeutic effects and improved with therapeutic effects in aggressive patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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AS-PCR Assay for 20 mtDNA SNP Typing and Haplotype Frequency NIE YAN-CHAI, ZHANG CHEN, LIU YA-NAN, ET AL. 2014, 30(2): 96-100.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.02.005 Abstract ( 2131 )   Objective To develop a multiplex allele-specific PCR （AS-PCR） assay with three-color fluorescence labeling for mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） SNP typing. Methods Based on the principle of AS-PCR, the primer sets were designed for 20 SNP located on the coding region of mtDNA and divided into 2 groups labeled with FAM and HEX fluorescence, respectively. A primer set included two forward （reverse） allelic specific primers with different sizes and a generic reverse （forward） primer. Blood samples from 200 unrelated individuals were analyzed by AS-PCR and capillary electrophoresis. Three random samples at least for each SNP site were examined and verified by direct sequencing. The haplotype frequency was investigated. Results Distinct electropherograms of 200 blood samples were obtained successfully. The typing results of direct sequencing were identical to those obtained from AS-PCR. The minimum detectable DNA concentration was 0.2 pg under the system of 10 μL. The sensitivity of the DNA concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 5 pg. The 200 individuals were assigned into 15 haplotype, and the haplotype diversity was 0.906 0. Conclusion AS-PCR is a simple, rapid and efficient method for mtDNA SNP typing, and can be applied to forensic practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of an 18 X-InDel Multiplex PCR System SUN KUAN, ZHAO SHU-MIN, ZHANG SU-HUA, ET AL. 2014, 30(2): 101-109.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.02.006 Abstract ( 2222 )   Objective To investigate Insertion/Deletion （InDel） polymorphism on the X chromosome and to screen 18 InDel loci for the Chinese Han population as a forensic DNA typing system auxiliary. Methods Eighteen X-InDel markers were selected using the Human Genome Browser and dbSNP database. Multiplex PCR primer pairs of selected X-InDel markers were designed using Primer 3 software and divided into 3 groups according to the amplified fragment length, labeled by FAM, HEX and TAMRA fluorescence dye, respectively. The population genetics research and comparative analysis of Chinese Han nationality and 4 main minorities, the Hui, Wei, Mongol, and Tibetan nationalities, were investigated with the system. Results A new multiplex genotyping system, named InDel X-18PLEX, was successfully developed and validated, consisted of 18 X-InDel markers on the X chromosome and 1 Amelogenin gender marker. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations was detected in the distribution of genotypes in the 5 investigated ethnic groups. However, there was significant difference between their distributions. From the investigation of Han nationality, high female （0.999 999 4） and male （0.999 88） overall discrimination power values were obtained, as well as high overall mean exclusion chance values in trios （0.999 992） and in duos （0.99）. Conclusion InDel X-18PLEX meets the requirements as a forensic DNA complementary kit, providing effective supplementary analytical tools for difficult cases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cause of Death Related to Medical Disputes in Yancheng Area: A Study of 60 Autopsy Cases PENG MING-QI, CHEN RONG-YU, ZHOU LAN, ET AL. 2014, 30(2): 110-111.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.02.007 Abstract ( 2000 )   Objective To summarize the pattern and main characteristics of fatal cases related to medical disputes in Yancheng area. Methods Sixty fatal cases of medical disputes were retrospectively analyzed to elucidate the annual incidence, characters of distribution of hospitals, gender and age of the decedents, types of diseases, and cause of death. Results Among 60 fatal cases, most cases happened in health clinics of county, township and village. There were more males than females. The major medical specialties involved included internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and pediatrics, with the internal medicine specialty having the highest incidence. Conclusion Police institutions have advantages in investigation of these cases in their jurisdictions, which could enhance the ability of local medicolegal examination. Related Articles | Metrics

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Sudden Cardiac Death of Incarcerated Prisoners： A Study of 75 Cases YU LAN, DONG LI-MIN, HOU XIAN-JUN, ET AL. 2014, 30(2): 112-113.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.02.008 Abstract ( 1901 )   Objective To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors leading to sudden cardiac death （SCD） of incarcerated prisoners. Methods Seventy-five SCD cases of prisoners between 2000 and 2013 in Henan province were collected, and environment, psychological and physical factors were retrospectively analyzed. Combined with histopathological results, specific factors of SCD were also studied. Results In the 75 cases, 21 cases （28%） had definite chronic past medical histories, and 75 cases （100%） had cardiovascular disease confirmed by autopsy. Conclusion Due to presence of the potential cardiac diseases, special incarcerated environment, psychological stress, and body-restraint might be the precipitating factors in SCD of those prisoners. Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution of Diatoms in Chuanyang River of Pudong New Area of Shanghai and Its Forensic Application TIAN LU, ZANG SHI-BO, QIU ZHI-JUN 2014, 30(2): 114-116.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.02.009 Abstract ( 1813 )   Objective To investigate the quantity and species distribution of diatoms in Chuanyang River of Pudong new area of Shanghai and provide references for the invesitigation of water body in forensic practice. Methods The water samples collected from 15 areas in Chuanyang River of Pudong new area in September 2012 were examined by microscope to identify the species of diatoms. Results Cyclotella and Pinnularia were found to be the dominant species within the 12 species of diatoms in Chuanyang River, which showed differences in species among the sections of Huangpu River, the center and the East China Sea. Conclusion The differences in subsectional distribution of diatom species in Chuanyang River may provide a new foundation for forensic identification in drowning cases especially in the determination of falling location. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biochemical Indicators of Anaphylactic Shock and the Application in Forensic Medicine MI LI, CHEN JIE, GAO WEI-MIN, ET AL. 2014, 30(2): 117-121.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.02.010 Abstract ( 1932 )   Fatal anaphylactic shock is common in forensic practice. However, it is difficult to diagnose for lacking specific pathological and morphologic changes in forensic autopsy. The application of some biochemical indicators is of great significance. This paper reviews the biological characteristics of some biochemical indicators and detection methods. The forensic application, problems and prospects of these indicators are also introduced in details. The stable biochemical indicators, IgE, tryptase and chymase, show great potential and advantages in the identification of fatal anaphylactic shock in forensic medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological Characters of Yunnan Sudden Death Syndrome and Its Research Progress ZHENG JIN-XIANG, ZHAO SU, HUANG WEN-LI, ET AL. 2014, 30(2): 122-125.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.02.011 Abstract ( 2511 )   Yunnan sudden death syndrome （YSDS） is an abruptly fatal disease of unknown etiology, found mostly in central or northwestern mountain area （with altitude between 1 815 and 2 225 meters） of Yunnan province from June to September every year. It occurs mostly in young female adults, with high incidences in Lisu, Yi and Miao ethnics and high familial aggregation. The clinical manifestation of YSDS is changeful and the pathological characteristic is lack of specificity. The pathogenesis may be attributed to several factors including poor hygiene and lower socioeconomic conditions, lack of Selenium or Chromium, infection of Coxsackie B virus, mushroom consumption and special geological conditions. This article reviews the epidemiologic features, clinical manifestations, pathological features, etiology and hypothesis in order to provide clues for the research of YSDS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Postmortem MSCT Diagnosis of Whiplash Injuries in a Traffic Accident: A Case Report and Review of the Literature CHEN MIN, HUANG PING, WAN LEI, ET AL. 2014, 30(2): 148-150.  Abstract ( 1829 )   A 45-year-old male car driver died in a traffic accident of four cars rear-end collision on the highway. He was found to have died after a respiratory and cardiac arrest at the scene. No sign of skin injuries was observed from the external inspection. The autopsy was not permitted by the family members because of the local culture. Multislice computed tomography （MSCT） was applied to the current case, showing dislocation of C3~4 cervical vertebrae with Ⅱ degree, C4 vertebral plate fractures, and spinal stenosis. Post-mortem MSCT confirmed the diagnosis as whiplash injuries. MSCT was verified to be effective in showing the severity of whiplash injuries, thus providing certain objective evidence for medicolegal expertise. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tuberculous Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Alimentary Tract Hemorrhage: A Case Report with Medico-legal Implications XIE DAN, XIE KAI, LI PEI, ET AL. 2014, 30(2): 151-153.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.02.020 Abstract ( 2088 )   An autopsy case of sudden death induced by alimentary tract hemorrhage was presented, which was caused by the unexpected rupture of clinically unrecognized tuberculous abdominal aortic aneurysm （TAAA）. The initial diagnosis was made of the syndrome of coronary heart disease and hypertensive disease. The detailed autopsy showed that the alimentary tract hemorrhage was caused by a sudden rupture of the mass after posture changing was ascertained as the cause of death. The diagnosis of TAAA was determined by the autopsy findings. Analysis for the medical dispute of TAAA was described, and the difficulty of the diagnosis and medico-legal implications were also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics