Archive

28 June 2014, Volume 30 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

---

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Negative Modulation of NO for Diaphragmatic Contractile Reduction Induced by Sepsis and Restraint Position XIANG JIAN, GUAN SU-DONG, SONG XIANG-HE, ET AL. 2014, 30(3): 161-165.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.03.001 Abstract ( 1125 )   Abstract: In practice of forensic medicine, potential disease can be associated with fatal asphyxia in restraint position. Research has demonstrated that nitric oxide （NO） and nitric oxide synthase （NOS） are plentifully distributed in skeletal muscle, contributing to the regulation of contractile and relaxation. In the current study, respiratory functions, indices of diaphragmatic biomechanical functions ex vivo, as well as NO levels in serum, the expressions of diaphragmatic inducible NOS （iNOS） mRNA, and the effects of L-NNA on contractility of the diaphragm were observed in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture（CLP） under the condition of restraint position. The results showed that in the CLP12-18 h rats, respiratory dysfunctions; indices of diaphragmatic biomechanical functions （Pt, +dT/dtmax, -dT/dtmax, CT, Po, force over the full range of the force-frequency relationship and fatigue resistance） declined progressively; the NO level in serum, and iNOS mRNA expression in the diaphragm increased progressively; force increased significantly at all stimulation frequencies after L-NNA pre-incubation. Restraint position 1 h in CLP12 h rats resulted in severe respiratory dysfunctions after relative stable respiratory functions, almost all the indices of diaphragmatic biomechanical functions declined further, whereas little change took place in NO level in serum and diaphragmatic iNOS mRNA expression; and the effects of L-NNA were lack of statistical significance compared with those of CLP12 h, but differed from CLP18 h group. These results suggest that restraint position and sepsis act together in a synergistic manner to aggravate the great reduction of diaphragmatic contractility via, at least in part, the negative modulation of NO, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of positional asphyxia. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Correlation between Percentages of PMN, MNC, FBC and Wound Age after Skeletal Muscle Injury in Rats YU TIAN-SHUI, GUAN DA-WEI, ZHAO RUI，等 2014, 30(3): 166-168.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.03.002 Abstract ( 1511 )   Objective To study the percentages of polymorphonuclear leukocytes （PMN）, mononuclear cells （MNC） and fibroblastic cells （FBC） in different post-traumatic intervals after skeletal muscle mechanical injury in rats. Methods The rat model of skeletal muscle mechanical injury was established. The rats were divided into injured groups （6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 10 d and 14 d after injury） and control group. The percentages of PMN, MNC and FBC in different post-traumatic intervals after skeletal muscle mechanical injury were assessed with HE staining and image analysis. Results At post-injury 6-12 h, the percentages of PMN and MNC infiltration appeared in injured sites and that of PMN reached peak. At 1 d, the percentage of MNC infiltration appeared and reached peak, while that of PMN decreased. At 3-7 d, the percentage of FBC gradually increased, while that of PMN and MNC decreased. At 10-14 d, the percentage of FBC reached peak. Conclusion The percentages of PMN, MNC and FBC in injured zones showed time-dependent changes, which might be used as reference index for determination of age of skeletal muscle injury. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of CaMKⅡδ in Cerebral Cortex Following Traumatic Brain Injury PAN HONG, ZHANG JING-JING, XU DONG-DONG, ET AL. 2014, 30(3): 169-171.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.03.003 Abstract ( 1389 )   Objective To observe the time-course expression of calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinaseⅡδ（CaMKⅡδ） in cerebral cortex after traumatic brain injury（TBI）. Methods The TBI rat model was established. The expression of CaMKⅡδ in cerebral cortex around injured area was tested by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Results Western blotting revealed expression of CaMKⅡδ in normal rat brain cortex. It gradually increased after TBI, peaked after 3 days, and then returned to normal level. The result of immunohistochemical staining was consistent with that of Western blotting. Conclusion The expression of CaMKⅡδ around injured area after TBI increased initially and then decreased. It could be used as a new indicator for wound age determination following TBI. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Community Succession of Sarcosaphagous Insects on Pig Carcasses in Summer Indoor and Outdoor Environment in Shenzhen Area YIN XIAO-JUN, MA MENG-YUN, ZHOU HUI, ET AL. 2014, 30(3): 172-177.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.03.004 Abstract ( 1670 )   Objective To explore the growing development and community succession of main sarcosaphagous insects on pig carcasses in summer indoor and outdoor environment in Shenzhen area and to estimate the postmortem interval （PMI）. Methods From early May to August in 2013, in Forensic Medical Examination Center of Shenzhen Public Security Bureau, the main insect species and the decomposition process were observed in two adult pig carcasses of simulative indoor and outdoor environment. The different decomposition stages and the community succession of insects were recorded. Results The indoor and outdoor pig carcasses showed skeleton 412.5 and 325 hours after death, respectively. The main species of flies on pig carcasses were Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya rufifacies and Chrysomya chani. The main species of beetles were Crecphilus maxillosus, Necrobia ruficollis, Saprinus splendens and Dermestes maculatu. The dominant species of flies in the outdoor pig carcasses obviously produced the second generations due to the effect of mass rainfall, nor in the indoor pig carcasses. Conclusion There are regular patterns on the community succession of insects on pig carcasses in summer indoor and outdoor environment in Shenzhen area. The activity patterns of seven typical insects and their larva show important value for estimating PMI. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Changes of Oscillatory Potentials of Electroretinogram after Methanol Intoxication in Rats LIU DONG-MEI, ZHOU SHU, CHEN JIE-MIN, ET AL. 2014, 30(3): 178-180.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.03.005 Abstract ( 1557 )   Objective To study the characters of oscillatory potentials （OPs） of electroretinogram （ERG） after methanol intoxication in rats. Method The SD rat models of methanol intoxication were established and divided into control group, 3-day intoxication group, 7-day intoxication group. The changes of OPs of ERG were recorded in a dark room. Results The total amplitudes of 3-day and 7-day intoxication groups decreased approximately 50% compared with that of the control group, while the schedule delayed approximately 16% and 61%, respectively. Conclusion The characters of methanol intoxication in rats included delay in schedule and decline in the total amplitude of OPs. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Isokinetic Muscle Test of Normal People’s Knees in Different Postures HUANG TING-TING, XIA QING, FAN LI-HUA, ET AL. 2014, 30(3): 181-183.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.03.006 Abstract ( 1698 )   Objective To study the influence of different positions in the isokinetic muscle test of knees by CON-TREX Biomechanical Test and Training System, so as to select the suitable conditions for forensic identification of muscle strength test. Methods Fifty-two healthy volunteers joined the isokinetic muscle strength test in unfixed and fixed position, respectively and in two kinds of angular speed （60°/s and 30°/s）. The differences of peak torque （PT） and peak torque angle （PTA） between bilateral knee flexor and extensor were statistically analyzed. Results In the unfixed position, under the two speed, there was statistically significant difference in PT between bilateral knee flexor and extensor（P<0.05）; while in the fixed position, under the two speed, there was no statistically significant difference （P>0.05）. In any kind of conditions, the PTA of bilateral knee flexor and extensor did not have statistically significant difference（P>0.05）. Conclusion The position of the subject influences the results of PT. So the position of subject in knees isokinetic muscle test should be regulated. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Subtle Anatomical Structures of Normal Nasal Bone in MSCT Image and Forensic Identification WANG ZI-SHEN, PENG MING-QI, WEI HUA, ET AL. 2014, 30(3): 184-187.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.03.007 Abstract ( 1425 )   Objective To summarize the subtle anatomical structures of the normal nasal bone in multi-slice spiral CT （MSCT） image through the observation of the three-dimensional images. Methods One hundred and twenty volunteers who had no nasal trauma and disease history were collected. The nasal was scanned using MSCT. Raw data was reconstructed into bone window images（slice thickness 0.6 mm, slice interval 0.5 mm）, and then the images were imported into Syngo Imaging XS software to reconstruct three-dimensional images and to summarize the nasal bone’s subtle anatomical structures. Results The subtle anatomy of normal nasal bone generally included four seams, two holes and one edge. The four seams were left and right nasal-maxillary suture, nasal-frontal seam, and internasal suture. The two holes were left and right nasal aperture. The edge of the nasal was the lower edge of the nasal bone. In addition, there was suture bone in internasal suture in some normal nose. The nasal aperture mostly was hole-like, but some nasal apertures were line shape. The nasal edge can be divided into flat type, wave-shaped type, inverted spike type, hook-shaped type and others. Conclusion The anatomy diversity and individual differences in nasal bone are large. MSCT and three-dimensional image reconstruction techniques, combined with the history of trauma could distinguish between the normal anatomy and fractures. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

DNA Quantification of Blood Samples Pre-treated with Pyramidon ZHU CHUAN-HONG, ZHENG DAO-LI, NI YAO-ZHI, ET AL. 2014, 30(3): 188-190.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.03.008 Abstract ( 1570 )   Objective To study DNA quantification and STR typing of samples pre-treated with pyramidon. Methods The blood samples of ten unrelated individuals were anticoagulated in EDTA. The blood stains were made on the filter paper. The experimental groups were divided into six groups in accordance with the storage time, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after pre-treated with pyramidon. DNA was extracted by three methods: magnetic bead-based extraction, QIAcube DNA purification method and Chelex-100 method. The quantification of DNA was made by fluorescent quantitative PCR. STR typing was detected by PCR-STR fluorescent technology. Results In the same DNA extraction method, the sample DNA decreased gradually with times after pre-treatment with pyramidon. In the same storage time, the DNA quantification in different extraction methods had significant differences. Sixteen loci DNA typing were detected in 90.56% of samples. Conclusion Pyramidon pre-treatment could cause DNA degradation, but effective STR typing can be achieved within 24 h. The magnetic bead-based extraction is the best method for STR profiling and DNA extraction. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Consistency Study of PowerPlex®21 Kit and GoldeneyeTM 20A Kit and Forensic Application REN HE, LIU YING, ZHANG QING-XIA, ET AL. 2014, 30(3): 191-193.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.03.009 Abstract ( 2387 )   Objective To ensure the consistency of genotype results for PowerPlex®21 kit and GoldeneyeTM 20A kit. Methods The STR loci were amplified in DNA samples from 205 unrelated individuals in Beijing Han population. And consistency of 19 overlap STR loci typing were observed. The genetic polymorphism of D1S1656 locus was obtained. Results All 19 overlap loci typing showed consistent. The proportion of peak height of heterozygous loci in two kits showed no statistical difference （P>0.05）. The observed heterozygosis of D1S1656 was 0.878. The discrimination power was 0.949. The excluding probability of paternity of triplet was 0.751. The excluding probability of paternity of diploid was 0.506. The polymorphism information content was 0.810. Conclusion PowerPlex®21 kit and GoldeneyeTM 20A kit present a good consistency. The primer design is reasonable. The polymorphism of D1S1656 is good. The two kits can be used for human genetic analysis, paternity test, and individual identification in forensic practice. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of Microperimeter in the Visual Function Evaluation LIU HUI, WANG XU 2014, 30(3): 194-196.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.03.010 Abstract ( 1397 )   In condition of direct vision on fundus of eye, microperimeter can quantitatively detect the retinal light sensitivity of macular area, and record real time tracking of the eye, automatically analyze the location and stability of fixation. Microperimeter matches fundus image with micro cyclogram point-to-point, thus it achieves the combination of visual function and structure. The characteristics of microperimeter have good relations with subjective vision, so it can be a new method for the accurate vision evaluation and has application potential to assess the visual function in legal medicine. In this article, we summarize the principle, method and parameters of microperimeter. Also, the applications of microperimeter in vision assessment are focused in order to provide a reference for the assessment of visual function in the legal medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Progress on Association between COMT Gene and Violence Behavior in Patients with Schizophrenia ZHANG QIN-TING, ZHAO MIN, XIE BIN 2014, 30(3): 197-200.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.03.011 Abstract ( 1709 )   The prevalence of violence behavior in patients with schizophrenia is higher than that in common population. Data suggest that genetic factors may play a substantial role for the etiology of the behavior. Among the particular gene polymorphisms that have been considered to be involved in violence behavior, the catechol-O-methyltransferase （COMT） gene had been the focus of recent research. This article reviews the association research between COMT gene and violence behavior in patients with schizophrenia in several aspects： SNP polymorphism of COMT Val158Met and COMT Ala72Ser, haplotype of COMT gene and DNA methylation of promoter region of COMT gene. The genetic research direction is presented for patients with schizophrenia. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Relationship between Genetic Polymorphism of Dopamine Receptor and Schizophrenia and Its Forensic Significance YAO JUN, WANG BAO-JIE 2014, 30(3): 202-206.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.03.012 Abstract ( 1397 )   Schizophrenia is a common but complex mental disorder affected by multiple factors. Forensic psychiatric assessment of schizophrenia involves evaluations on many aspects, but there is no effective biological identification index for schizophrenia. Researches indicate that dysfunction of dopaminergic neurotransmission plays an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Our study reviews the classification, genetic structure of dopamine receptors and the recent pertinent studies between the dopamine receptors and schizophrenia and its forensic significance. Related Articles | Metrics