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28 October 2017, Volume 33 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Research Progress of Sudden Cardiac Death in Forensic Medicine ZHENG DA, YIN KUN, ZHENG JING-JING, ET AL. 2017, 33(5): 457-469.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.05.002 Abstract ( 632 )   Sudden death （SD） is a special kind of death owing to disease, which severely threatening the lives of community population. As the most common type of SD, sudden cardiac death （SCD） has always been a crucial content of identification and research in forensic pathology. This article reviews the research progress from the aspects of epidemiology, morphology, molecular pathology and virtual anatomy of SCD in forensic medicine, so as to provide a reference for the morphological identification, determination of cause of death, and integrated control of this kind of SD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Yunnan Unexplained Sudden Death HE YONG-WANG, ZHAO XIANG-YUE, JIA PENG-LIN, ET AL. 2017, 33(5): 470-475.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.05.003 Abstract ( 605 )   Yunnan unexplained sudden death （YUSD） has obvious spatial and temporal aggregations. With the features of sudden onset and rapid death, its causes remain unclear. However, the onset of YUSD is related to the geological and climatic conditions in specific range of altitude of incidence area, which is also influenced by the existed susceptibility gene loci or several multiple mutations in SNP loci, long-term fatigue, low dietary nutrition, trace element deficiency, poor living condition and hygienic habit, and infection by etiologic microorganism or virus among the residents live in the incidence area of YUSD. Under the continuous influence of factors above, the crowd of incidence area finally occurred unexplained sudden death that prominently shown by myocardial injury. Improvements of public health administration, living conditions, villagers’ health, living habits and enhancement of indicator measurement of myocardial enzyme and electrocardiogram for the residents in the incidence area of YUSD are effective measures for prevention of YUSD. Timely identification of cause of death and in-depth genetic research are important ways to explore the causes of YUSD, enhance the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the death rate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of proBNP and NT-proBNP in Sudden Death of Coronary Heart Disease ZENG QIANG, SUN RUI-FENG, LI ZE，ET AL. 2017, 33(5): 476-481.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.05.004 Abstract ( 463 )   Objective To study the expression change of pro-brain natriuretic peptide （proBNP） and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） in sudden death of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, and to explore its application in forensic diagnosis. Methods Myocardial and blood samples were collected from normal control group, sudden death of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group and single coronary stenosis group （20 cases in each group）. The expression of proBNP in myocardial samples were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting, and that of BNP mRNA were detected by reverse transcription PCR （RT-PCR）. The content of NT-proBNP in plasma were detected by ELISA. Results Immunohistochemical staining showed positive expression of proBNP in both sudden death of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group and single coronary stenosis group. There was no positive expression in normal control group. For sudden death of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group and single coronary stenosis group, the relative expression of proBNP protein and BNP mRNA in myocardial tissue and the NT-proBNP content in plasma were higher than that of normal control group （P<0.05）. The NT-proBNP content in plasma of sudden death of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group was higher than that of single coronary stenosis group （P<0.05）. Conclusion In myocardial ischemia condition, the higher expression of proBNP in cardiac muscle cell shows that the detection of NT-proBNP in plasma can be useful to differentially diagnose the degree of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and determine whether the sudden death due to coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Analysis of 6 Cases of Sudden Death due to Hyperthyroid Heart Disease ZHANG MENG-ZHOU, LI BING-XUAN, ZHAO RUI, ET AL. 2017, 33(5): 482-485.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.05.005 Abstract ( 431 )   Objective To analyse the cases of sudden death due to hyperthyroid heart disease, and explore the general information of deaths and the forensic pathological characteristics to provide reference evidence for forensic identification of such cases. Methods Six cases of sudden death due to hyperthyroid heart disease between 2001 and 2016 were selected from School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University. The general information （gender and age）, clinical manifestations, medical history, anatomical and histopathological findings, biochemical parameters and cause of death were analysed retrospectively. Results Most of the 6 patients had definite history of hyperthyroidism, and they all showed certain degrees of symptoms of cardiovascular disease; had obvious incentive factors of death; histopathological examination of thyroid conformed to the performances of diffuse toxic goiter; with increase of cardiac weight, dilatation of cardiac chambers, myocardial hypertrophy and focal necrosis; postmortem biochemical analyses of pericardial fluid could be used as an additional method for diagnostic of sudden death due to hyperthyroid heart disease. Conclusion The identification of death due to hyperthyroid heart disease should be based on the clinical history and the results of autopsy, histopathological examination, postmortem toxicology tests. The postmortem biochemical detection of thyroid and cardiac function should be performed if necessary. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Ischemia Modified Albumin for Acute Ischemic Heart Disease in Forensic Science WANG PENG, ZHU ZE-LEI, ZHU NING ，ET AL. 2017, 33(5): 493-496.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.05.009 Abstract ( 362 )   Objective To explore the application value and forensic significance of ischemia modified albumin （IMA） in pericardial fluid to diagnose sudden cardiac death. Methods IMA level in pericardial fluid was detected in acute ischemic heart disease group （n=36）, acute myocardial infarction group （n=6）, cardiomyopathy group （n=4） and control group （n=15） by albumin cobalt binding method. The levels of IMA were compared among these groups. The best cut-off IMA value was estimated and the sensitivity and specificity of acute myocardial ischemia group was distinguished from control group by receiver operating characteristics （ROC） curve. Results The IMA level in acute ischemic heart disease group was significantly higher than that of control group （P<0.05）. Compared with acute myocardial infarction group and cardiomyopathy group, the IMA level in acute ischemic heart disease group had no significant difference （P<0.05）. The cut-off value for the identification of acute myocardial ischemia which obtained by ROC analysis was 40.65 U/mL. And the sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing acute ischemia cardiac disease was 60.0% and 80.5%, respectively. Conclusion The IMA value in pericardial fluid can be a reference marker for the diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemia, which also can provide objective basis for the forensic identification of sudden cardiac death. Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimation of External Features of Eyes for the Adult Male of Han Nationality in Northeast China Based on the Characteristics of Skull XU GUANG-YONG, TIAN LU, ZHANG JIAN-HUA 2017, 33(5): 497-500.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.05.010 Abstract ( 362 )   Objective To explore the correlation between the imaging parameters of skull and the external features of eyes. Methods Positive images of the head face and the frontal and lateral X-ray films were obtained from 101 cases of adult males of the Han nationality aged from 20 to 40 years old in Northeast China. The face width （x1）, upper face width （x2）, biorbital width （x3）, all facial height （x4）, upper facial height （x5）, maximum breadth of skull （x6）, minimum breadth of frontal bone （x7）, orbital widthⅡ（x8）, anterior interorbital breadth （x9）, maximum height of skull （x10）, minimum width of nasal bone （x11） and orbital height （x12） were measured and the data were statistically analysed. Results Through the linear regression analysis, the regression equations of the presumed inboard canthi （y1） and outboard canthi distances （y2） were established, respectively, which were y1=0.025 x2+0.291 x3-0.011 x7+0.041 x10-0.525（R=0.613, SEE=0.222 cm） and y2=1.703-0.08 x2+0.573 x3-0.142 x4+0.421 x5+0.096 x7-0.256 x8+0.149 x9+0.071 x10（R=0.745, SEE=0.341 cm）. The back-substitution check showed that the accuracy rate of two equations at ±1SEE were 75.2% and 80.2%, respectively. Conclusion The established regression equations of external features of eyes have high estimation accuracy, which can be used to the practical work of facial reconstruction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Applied Value of Electroencephalogram in Assessment of Mild Psychiatry Impairment WANG JIAN-JUN, LI HAO-ZHE, FAN HUI-YU ，ET AL. 2017, 33(5): 501-505.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.05.011 Abstract ( 353 )   Objective To explore the applied value of electroencephalogram （EEG） in assessment of psychiatric impairment among patients with mental disorders due to traumatic brain injury. Methods According to the ICD-10, a total of 271 subjects were enrolled and assessed with the criterion of mental disorders due to traumatic brain injury. Activity of Daily Living Scale （ADL）, Functional Activities Questionnaire （FAQ） and Social Disability Screening Schedule （SDSS） were used to evaluate the severity of patients. All the participants were tested by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale （WAIS） and examined by EEG. Results Totally 215 patients accomplished the study. The results of Glasgow Coma Scale （GCS）, the severity of craniocerebral injury and the scores of FAQ, SDSS and ADL showed significant difference among the patients with different severity of EEG （P<0.05）. The grades of psychiatric impairment showed significant difference among the patients with different abnormal EEG （P<0.05）. Conclusion EEG can reflect the severity of craniocerebral injury, assist evaluate the social function and activity of daily living of patients with mental disorders due to traumatic brain injury, and distinguish the mild psychiatric impairment grades, which suggest that EEG has a certain reference value in the assessment of psychiatric impairment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Methcathinone in Urine by GC-MS LIU DONG-XIAN, ZHAO MING-MING 2017, 33(5): 506-508.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.05.012 Abstract ( 456 )   Objective To establish a method for the analysis of methcathinone in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Methods Proadifen hydrochloride （internal standard） and buffer solution （pH=9） were added into the urine samples, and methcathinone was extracted by ethyl acetate. The extract was volatilized in 50 ℃ nitrogen gas flow and the remnant was dissolved by methanol and analysed by GC-MS. Results The methcathinone in urine showed a good linear relationship in the mass concentration range of 0.02-2.00 μg/mL. The linear equation was y=0.301 9 x+0.018 9 （r=0.999 2）, and the detection limit was 0.01 μg/mL. The recoveries of methcathinone in urine was 96.4%-99.2%, with the intra-day precision of 5.8%-7.6% and the inter-day precision of 6.0%-8.1%. Conclusion The method is convenient and sensitive, which can be applied to the forensic identification of methcathinone in urine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Analysis of 63 Cases of Non-violent Death Occurred in Custody YANG SONG-MIN, CHENG YI-BIN 2017, 33(5): 509-513.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.05.013 Abstract ( 425 )   Objective To collect cases of non-violent death occurred in custody for analyzing the forensic characteristics and related influencing factors. Methods Sixty-three cases of non-violent death among detainees in custody that handled by a forensic science center from 2000 to 2015 were collected. The type, onset season, medical history, clinical manifestation, treatment and duration of related fatal diseases were analyzed retrospectively. Results The deaths due to diseases in custody were common in male, and with a high incidence in middle aged adults. The most common cause of death was cardiac death （50.8%）. Chronic inflammatory diseases such as gastrointestinal perforation, pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia, hepatitis and pancreatitis, were common. There was a peak incidence in summer. The acute symptoms included sudden onset during sleep and sudden apsychia, and emesis, abdominal pain, fatigue, chest tightness, shortness of breath, fever and anorexia were the most common chronic symptoms. Conclusion The management system, custody condition, medical level and rescue rudiment of custody still need improvements. It should be pay more attention to collecting the information of medical history, autopsy, histological examination and toxicological analysis, etc. Related Articles | Metrics

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PrepFiler Express BTATM Lysis Buffer Combined with Silicon Microbeads for Rapid DNA Extraction from Bone DING SHAO-CHENG, ZHANG HUAI-CAI, GAO LIN-LIN 2017, 33(5): 514-515.转521.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.05.014 Abstract ( 378 )   Objective To establish a convenient and rapid method for extracting DNA from bone. Methods Fifteen long bone samples were washed and sterilized. The skeletal fragments were obtained by electric drill, and lysed by PrepFiler Express BTATM lysis buffer. DNA was then manually extracted by silicon microbeads for further analysis. Results STR genotyping was successfully obtained in 14 out of the 15 samples, and the detection rate was 93.33%. Conclusion The method for DNA extraction from bone established in present study is convenient, quick, effective, and with a strong applicability, which is worth spreading and applying. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Investigation in Han Population by SiFaTM 23 Plex Kit （Beta Version） GONG WU-HU, XUE SHAO-HUA, ZHANG YAN， ET AL. 2017, 33(5): 516-521.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.05.015 Abstract ( 356 )   Objective To investigate the performance of SiFaTM 23 Plex Kit （beta version） and its population genetics of STR loci in Han population. Methods Genotyping was performed for 1 000 unrelated healthy Han individuals by the kit. The efficiency of the kit was tested, and the frequency data and population genetics parameter information of STR loci were analysed statistically. Results The minimum amplification system could be 6.25 ?滋L. In 25 ?滋L standard reaction system, a satisfied genotyping profiles could be obtained with the DNA content as low as 125 pg. Among the 1 000 individuals, 267 alleles were detected by 21 autosomal STR loci of the kit, which conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Fifteen and eleven alleles were observed at the newly added STR loci D1S1656 and D10S1248, respectively, which showed a high polymorphism information content. Conclusion SiFaTM 23 Plex Kit （beta version） is excellent in testing blood samples. Its accuracy, repeatability and sensitivity can satisfy the need of forensic practice, which makes it be applied to forensic-related case work and DNA database establishment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of MALDI-TOF-IMS in Biomedicine and Its Application Prospect in Forensic Sciences REN GUAN-HENG, WENG RONG-HUA, SHI YAN, ET AL. 2017, 33(5): 522-525.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.05.016 Abstract ( 449 )   Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-IMS） can analysis unknown compounds in sections and obtain molecule imaging by scanning biological tissue sections, which has become a powerful tool for the research of biomarker, lipid distribution and drug metabolism, etc. This article reviews the application of this technique in protein identification, clinical application, drug discovery, lipid research and brain injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of RT-qPCR in the Study of Forensic Pathology DU SI-HAO, LI DONG-RI, WANG HUI-JUN， ET AL. 2017, 33(5): 526-531.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.05.017 Abstract ( 442 )   Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） is a convenient and highly efficient method for the detection of mRNA in tissues or body fluid samples. It has the characteristics of easy operation, high sensitivity and specificity, etc. With a wide application in medicine, biology and other fields, RT-qPCR technique has made some progresses in the research field of forensic pathology. This paper reviews the application value of RT-qPCR in the study of forensic pathology and current situation, as well as the research progress at home and abroad reviews. It also summarizes the notes of samples extraction, RT-qPCR experiments and data processing, which aims to provide reference for the forensic research and its application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Olfactory Event-related Potential and Its Forensic Application SUN JING, FAN LI-HUA, LIU XIA, ET AL. 2017, 33(5): 532-535.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.05.018 Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (1500KB) ( 745 )   Olfaction is one of the basic feelings, which plays an important role in appetite, warning of danger and emotion regulation, etc. More and more studies have shown that olfactory dysfunction may affect quality of human life. Thus, the attention of olfactory dysfunction is increasing. There are many subjective and objective methods for olfactory function detection, and olfactory event-related potential （OERP） is a more objective method. This article reviews the development, testing and analysing methods and clinical research of OERP, and explores its application prospects in forensic clinical medicine. Related Articles | Metrics