法医学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 439-446.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.421007

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

大鼠急性过劳死模型的建立及其代谢-功能-形态学变化

刘霞1,2(), 李嘉敏1,3, 郑永霞1,4, 肖旭东1, 于晓军1()   

  1. 1.汕头大学医学院法医学教研室 汕头大学司法鉴定中心,广东 汕头 515041
    2.成都市公安局青白江分局,四川 成都 610300
    3.香港大学深圳医院,广东 深圳 518000
    4.嘉兴学院医学院,浙江 嘉兴 314001
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-28 发布日期:2025-02-11 出版日期:2024-10-25
  • 通讯作者: 于晓军
  • 作者简介:刘霞(1997—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事法医病理学和法医临床学科研及鉴定;E-mail:1050077962@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    2018年度第三批医疗卫生科技计划项目(汕府科[2018] 155号);2017年度国家级大学生创新训练项目(201710560035);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划子课题项目(2012BAK02B02);国家自然科学基金项目(81072508)

Establishment of an Acute Karoshi Rat Model and Its Metabolic, Functional and Morphological Changes

Xia LIU1,2(), Jia-min LI1,3, Yong-xia ZHENG1,4, Xu-dong XIAO1, Xiao-jun YU1()   

  1. 1.Medicolegal Department of Shantou University Medical College, Judicial Expertise Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
    2.Qingbaijiang Branch of Chengdu Public Security Bureau, Chengdu 610300, China
    3.The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
    4.Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Received:2022-10-28 Online:2025-02-11 Published:2024-10-25
  • Contact: Xiao-jun YU

摘要:

目的 探讨急性过劳死的发生和死亡机制及其法医学鉴定。 方法 将SD大鼠随机分为对照组15只和实验组45只(急性过劳死组、过劳存活组),建立负重力竭游泳合并睡眠剥夺的重度疲劳模型,记录行为、饮食、体质量、呼吸、心电图、超声心动图观察生理功能。死后解剖取材,HE染色观察病理形态,GC-MS检测血清、心肌、肝物质代谢的变化。 结果 实验组大鼠死亡率达33.3%。心肌中氨基丁酸、花生四烯酸含量降低;血清中尿素含量降低,蛋氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量升高;肝组织中,组氨酸等氨基酸含量升高;血生化丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶等升高,葡萄糖和尿酸降低;血清及心、肝组织等能量代谢通路扰动;3 d后实验组大鼠出现心电传导阻滞、室性心律失常。急性过劳死组大鼠出现心室颤动和扑动;超声心动图示射血分数、左心室短轴缩短率下降;心肌颗粒性肿胀、肌质凝集,脑干暗神经元增多;血清尿素、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸差异代谢物变化的组合与过劳高度相关,确诊率达90.6%。 结论 急性过劳死可引发多器官代谢-功能-形态联动性变化,死亡机制可能为全身多器官功能失调,特别是中枢性衰竭和心脏性猝死。

关键词: 法医病理学, 过劳死, 代谢-功能-形态联动, 死亡机制, 大鼠

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the occurrence and mechanism of acute Karoshi and explore its forensic identification. Methods SD rats were divided into the control group (n=15) and experimental groups (n=45, acute Karoshi group and overwork survival group). A severe fatigue model was established by combining forced swimming under load to exhaustion and sleep deprivation. Their daily activities, diets, weight, respiratory functions, electrocardiogram and echocardiography were recorded. After the rats were sacrificed, samples were collected at autopsies. HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology, and GC-MS was used to detect the changes of substance metabolism in serum, myocardium and liver. Results The mortality rate of the experimental group was 33.3%. There were decreases of aminobutyric acid and arachidonic acid in myocardium tissues, decreases of urea and increases of methionine and phenylalanine in serum. In liver tissues, the content of amino acids sush as histidine increased. The blood biochemical testing showed increases of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and creatine kinase isoenzymes and decreases of glucose and uric acid. There were interferences of energy metabolism pathways in serum, heart, and liver tissues. After three days, the experimental group developed cardiac conduction block and ventricular arrhythmia. Ventricular fibrillation and ventricular flutter appeared in acute Karoshi group. Echocardiogram showed ejection fraction and left ventricular short axis shortening rate decreased. The histological examination showed granular swelling and sarcoplasmic condensation in myocardium and increased dark neurons in the brain stem. The combination of differential metabolites of serum urea, methionine and phenylalanine was highly correlated with Karoshi with a diagnostic rate of 90.6%. Conclusion Acute Karoshi can trigger a cascade reaction of metabolic, functional and morphological changes. The mechanism of death, especially central failure and sudden cardiac death, may be associated with multi-organ failure.

Key words: forensic pathology, Karoshi, metabolic-functional-morphological linkage, death mechanism, rats

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