法医学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 186-191.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.421205

• 论著 • 上一篇    

乌头生物碱及其代谢物在家兔体内的死后弥散规律

梁嘉豪1(), 成明2, 路晓君1,3, 师燕华1, 孙赟1, 管青林4, 王涛1, 胡萌1, 贠克明1(), 崔海燕1()   

  1. 1.山西医科大学法医学院 法庭毒物分析公安部重点实验室,山西 晋中 030600
    2.广东省公安厅 法医病理学公安部重点实验室,广东 广州 510050
    3.邹城市公安局,山东 邹城 273500
    4.绍兴文理学院医学院,浙江 绍兴 312000
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-09 发布日期:2024-06-07 出版日期:2024-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 贠克明,崔海燕
  • 作者简介:梁嘉豪(1998—),男,硕士,主要从事天然药毒物的法医毒物动力学和代谢组学研究;E-mail:1605243535@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(82130056);国家自然科学青年基金资助项目(81601647);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2019M651086);山西省应用基础研究青年科技研究基金资助项目(201901D211332);山西省教育厅高校科技创新项目(2020L0191);法医病理学公安部重点实验室开放课题资助项目(GAFYBL202304)

Postmortem Diffusion of Aconitum Alkaloids and Their Metabolites in Rabbits

Jia-hao LIANG1(), Ming CHENG2, Xiao-jun LU1,3, Yan-hua SHI1, Yun SUN1, Qing-lin GUAN4, Tao WANG1, Meng HU1, Ke-ming YUN1(), Hai-yan CUI1()   

  1. 1.School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Forensic Pathology, Ministry of Public Security, Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department, Guangzhou 510050, China
    3.Zoucheng Public Security Bureau, Zoucheng 273500, Shandong Province, China
    4.School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Received:2022-12-09 Online:2024-06-07 Published:2024-04-25
  • Contact: Ke-ming YUN, Hai-yan CUI

摘要:

目的 探究乌头生物碱及其代谢物在中毒家兔体内的死后弥散规律,为乌头生物碱中毒相关死亡案件生前服毒或死后染毒的判别提供参考依据。 方法 将24只家兔经气管夹闭处死1 h后,以生川乌水煎液灌胃(以生川乌水煎液中乌头碱的LD50计算)。灌胃后将家兔以仰卧位保存于25 ℃气候箱中,分别于0 h、4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h随机各取3只进行解剖,取心血、外周血、尿液、心脏、肝、脾、肺和肾组织,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对乌头生物碱及其代谢物在各生物检材中的含量进行检测。 结果 灌胃后4 h,乌头生物碱及其代谢物在心血、外周血和主要器官组织中均可检出,且含量随保存时间的延长发生动态变化。其中,脾、肝和肺中乌头生物碱及其代谢物含量均较高,尤其距离胃较近的脾中乌头生物碱及其代谢物含量最高。灌胃后48 h,家兔脾中代谢物苯甲酰新乌头原碱的平均质量分数最高;肾中乌头生物碱及其代谢物含量均偏低;尿液中未检出乌头生物碱及其代谢物。 结论 乌头生物碱及其代谢物在中毒家兔体内存在死后弥散现象,且从含量高的器官(胃)扩散到其他主要器官组织及心血中,其主要机制是顺浓度梯度的弥散,而尿液不受死后弥散的影响,可考虑将其作为乌头生物碱生前服毒和死后染毒的鉴别依据。

关键词: 法医毒理学, 法医毒物代谢动力学, 乌头生物碱, 代谢物, 死后弥散, 生前服毒, 死后染毒, 家兔

Abstract:

Objective To explore the postmortem diffusion rule of Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in poisoned rabbits, and to provide a reference for identifying the antemortem poisoning or postmortem poisoning of Aconitum alkaloids. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were sacrificed by tracheal clamps. After 1 hour, the rabbits were administered with aconitine LD50 in decocting aconite root powder by intragastric administration. Then, they were placed supine and stored at 25 ℃. The biological samples from 3 randomly selected rabbits were collected including heart blood, peripheral blood, urine, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney tissues at 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h after intragastric administration, respectively. Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in the biological samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Results At 4 h after intragastric administration, Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites could be detected in heart blood, peripheral blood and major organs, and the contents of them changed dynamically with the preservation time. The contents of Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites were higher in the spleen, liver and lung, especially in the spleen which was closer to the stomach. The average mass fraction of benzoylmesaconine metabolized in rabbit spleen was the highest at 48 h after intragastric administration. In contrast, the contents of Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in kidney were all lower. Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites were not detected in urine. Conclusion Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites have postmortem diffusion in poisoned rabbits, diffusing from high-content organs (stomach) to other major organs and tissues as well as the heart blood. The main mechanism is the dispersion along the concentration gradient, while urine is not affected by postmortem diffusion, which can be used as the basis for the identification of antemortem and postmortem Aconitum alkaloids poisoning.

Key words: forensic toxicology, forensic toxicokinetics, Aconitum alkaloids, metabolite, postmortem diffusion, antemortem poisoning, postmortem poisoning, rabbits

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