法医学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 533-541.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.340705
所属专题: 高分辨质谱技术专题
郭振硕1,2(), 段文佳1, 刘玙1,2, 汤以绫1, 严慧1(
)
收稿日期:
2024-07-12
发布日期:
2025-03-10
出版日期:
2024-12-25
通讯作者:
严慧
作者简介:
郭振硕(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事法医毒物分析研究;E-mail:sanshuo026@163.com
基金资助:
Zhen-shuo GUO1,2(), Wen-jia DUAN1, Yu LIU1,2, Yi-ling TANG1, Hui YAN1(
)
Received:
2024-07-12
Online:
2025-03-10
Published:
2024-12-25
Contact:
Hui YAN
摘要:
蛋白同化雄性类固醇(anabolic androgenic steroid,AAS)是一类拟雄性激素的人工合成的甾体激素,也是全世界滥用最为严重的一类兴奋剂。高分辨质谱技术凭借高分辨率、高灵敏度、高选择性及数据可追溯等优点在AAS检测中具有独特优势。高分辨质谱不仅可用于不同生物样本中AAS及其代谢物的定性定量分析,有效提升分析复杂样品的能力,增加分析结果的可靠性,还可通过结合体内外代谢模型,推断AAS代谢物,揭示代谢途径。本文对高分辨质谱技术在AAS分析方法和体内外代谢的研究进展进行综述,同时对其在司法鉴定领域的应用前景进行展望。
中图分类号:
郭振硕, 段文佳, 刘玙, 汤以绫, 严慧. 基于高分辨质谱技术的生物样本中蛋白同化雄性类固醇分析研究进展[J]. 法医学杂志, 2024, 40(6): 533-541.
Zhen-shuo GUO, Wen-jia DUAN, Yu LIU, Yi-ling TANG, Hui YAN. Research Progress on the Analysis of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids in Biological Samples Based on High Resolution Mass Spectrometry[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2024, 40(6): 533-541.
编号 | 目标物 | 样本 | 前处理方法 | 检测方法 | LOD | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 21种AAS及其酯(氯司替勃、孕三烯酮、四氢孕三烯酮等) | 尿液 | 稀释注射法 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 0.5~18 ng/mL | [ |
2 | 司坦唑醇 | 尿液 | 稀释注射法联合在线固相萃取 | UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 75 pg/mL | [ |
3 | 11种AAS(前列他唑、依西美坦、美曲勃龙等) | 尿液 | 液液萃取 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 0.05~0.5 ng/mL | [ |
4 | 70种AAS及其酯(勃地酮、卡芦睾酮、达那唑等) | 尿液 | 液液萃取 | GC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 0.1~1.25 ng/mL | [ |
5 | 8种AAS(睾酮、表睾酮、雄诺龙等) | 血液 | 固相萃取 | UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 0.006~7.904 ng/mL | [ |
6 | 7种AAS(普拉睾酮、美雄醇、雄烯二醇等) | 尿液、头发 | 中空纤维溶剂-搅拌棒微萃取装置 | GC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 尿液<0.1 ng/mL,头发<0.1 ng/mL | [ |
7 | 睾酮、普拉睾酮、雄诺龙等 | 头发 | 固相萃取和液液萃取 | UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 0.3~3.5 pg/mg | [ |
8 | 41种AAS及其酯(屈他雄酮丙酸酯、诺乙雄龙、宝丹酮醋酸酯等) | 马毛 | 液液萃取 | UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 除癸酸诺龙(15.7 pg/mg)、癸酸睾酮(15.7 pg/mg)和屈他雄酮丙酸酯(32.5 pg/mg)外,其余为0.2~10 pg/mg | [ |
9 | 司坦唑醇 | 体毛(头发、腋毛、腿毛等) | 液液萃取 | UPLC-Q-TOF-HRMS | 2 pg/mg | [ |
10 | 勃地酮、美雄酮、美雄醇、司坦唑醇等 | 干血斑 | 液液萃取 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 0.03~2.25 ng/mL | [ |
11 | 13种AAS(环戊丙酸睾酮、十一酸睾酮和异丁酸睾酮等) | 干血斑 | DBSA-TLX-HRMS系统 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 0.2~0.5 ng/mL | [ |
12 | 4种睾酮酯(癸酸睾酮、异己酸睾酮、苯丙酸睾酮和丙酸睾酮) | 干血斑 | 液液萃取 | nanoLC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 50~200 pg/mL | [ |
13 | 依诺波沙 | 指甲、头发 | 液液萃取 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 均为0.5 pg/mg | [ |
14 | 司坦唑醇 | 猪血浆、猪精液 | 液液萃取 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 猪血浆:0.02~0.40 ng/mL;猪精液:0.01~0.25 ng/mL | [ |
表1 生物样本中AAS的高分辨质谱技术检测方法及LOD
Tab. 1 High resolution mass spectrometry detection methods and limits of detection (LOD)for AAS in biological samples
编号 | 目标物 | 样本 | 前处理方法 | 检测方法 | LOD | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 21种AAS及其酯(氯司替勃、孕三烯酮、四氢孕三烯酮等) | 尿液 | 稀释注射法 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 0.5~18 ng/mL | [ |
2 | 司坦唑醇 | 尿液 | 稀释注射法联合在线固相萃取 | UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 75 pg/mL | [ |
3 | 11种AAS(前列他唑、依西美坦、美曲勃龙等) | 尿液 | 液液萃取 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 0.05~0.5 ng/mL | [ |
4 | 70种AAS及其酯(勃地酮、卡芦睾酮、达那唑等) | 尿液 | 液液萃取 | GC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 0.1~1.25 ng/mL | [ |
5 | 8种AAS(睾酮、表睾酮、雄诺龙等) | 血液 | 固相萃取 | UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 0.006~7.904 ng/mL | [ |
6 | 7种AAS(普拉睾酮、美雄醇、雄烯二醇等) | 尿液、头发 | 中空纤维溶剂-搅拌棒微萃取装置 | GC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 尿液<0.1 ng/mL,头发<0.1 ng/mL | [ |
7 | 睾酮、普拉睾酮、雄诺龙等 | 头发 | 固相萃取和液液萃取 | UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 0.3~3.5 pg/mg | [ |
8 | 41种AAS及其酯(屈他雄酮丙酸酯、诺乙雄龙、宝丹酮醋酸酯等) | 马毛 | 液液萃取 | UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 除癸酸诺龙(15.7 pg/mg)、癸酸睾酮(15.7 pg/mg)和屈他雄酮丙酸酯(32.5 pg/mg)外,其余为0.2~10 pg/mg | [ |
9 | 司坦唑醇 | 体毛(头发、腋毛、腿毛等) | 液液萃取 | UPLC-Q-TOF-HRMS | 2 pg/mg | [ |
10 | 勃地酮、美雄酮、美雄醇、司坦唑醇等 | 干血斑 | 液液萃取 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 0.03~2.25 ng/mL | [ |
11 | 13种AAS(环戊丙酸睾酮、十一酸睾酮和异丁酸睾酮等) | 干血斑 | DBSA-TLX-HRMS系统 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 0.2~0.5 ng/mL | [ |
12 | 4种睾酮酯(癸酸睾酮、异己酸睾酮、苯丙酸睾酮和丙酸睾酮) | 干血斑 | 液液萃取 | nanoLC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 50~200 pg/mL | [ |
13 | 依诺波沙 | 指甲、头发 | 液液萃取 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 均为0.5 pg/mg | [ |
14 | 司坦唑醇 | 猪血浆、猪精液 | 液液萃取 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 猪血浆:0.02~0.40 ng/mL;猪精液:0.01~0.25 ng/mL | [ |
编号 | 目标物 | 样本类型 | 检测方法 | 检测结果 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 19-去甲睾酮 | 尿液 | IRMS-GC-Q-TOF-HRMS | Ⅰ相代谢物10个:M1~M10;Ⅱ相代谢物11个:M11~M21 | [ |
2 | 群勃龙 | 尿液 | IRMS-LC-Q-TOF-HRMS | 20种代谢物,包括葡萄糖醛酸酯、硫酸酯和潜在的半胱氨酸偶联物 | [ |
3 | 司坦唑醇 | 斑马鱼 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 4种葡萄糖醛酸酯代谢物和4种硫酸酯代谢物 | [ |
4 | 勃拉睾酮 | 大鼠肝微粒体、血液 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | Ⅰ相代谢物17个:M1~M17;Ⅱ相代谢物1个:M18 | [ |
5 | 甲基司腾勃龙 | 马肝微粒体、尿液、血液 | UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 体外肝微粒体:6种代谢物;体内尿液和血液:共14种代谢物 | [ |
6 | 7-羰基-普拉睾酮 | 尿液 | IRMS-GC-Q-TOF-HRMS | 10种Ⅰ相代谢物以不同形式与葡萄糖醛酸酯和硫酸酯结合排出体外 | [ |
表2 高分辨质谱应用于生物样本中AAS的体内外代谢研究总结
Tab. 2 Summary of high resolution mass spectrometry applications in the study ofin vivo and in vitro metabolism of AAS in biological samples
编号 | 目标物 | 样本类型 | 检测方法 | 检测结果 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 19-去甲睾酮 | 尿液 | IRMS-GC-Q-TOF-HRMS | Ⅰ相代谢物10个:M1~M10;Ⅱ相代谢物11个:M11~M21 | [ |
2 | 群勃龙 | 尿液 | IRMS-LC-Q-TOF-HRMS | 20种代谢物,包括葡萄糖醛酸酯、硫酸酯和潜在的半胱氨酸偶联物 | [ |
3 | 司坦唑醇 | 斑马鱼 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 4种葡萄糖醛酸酯代谢物和4种硫酸酯代谢物 | [ |
4 | 勃拉睾酮 | 大鼠肝微粒体、血液 | LC-Orbitrap-HRMS | Ⅰ相代谢物17个:M1~M17;Ⅱ相代谢物1个:M18 | [ |
5 | 甲基司腾勃龙 | 马肝微粒体、尿液、血液 | UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS | 体外肝微粒体:6种代谢物;体内尿液和血液:共14种代谢物 | [ |
6 | 7-羰基-普拉睾酮 | 尿液 | IRMS-GC-Q-TOF-HRMS | 10种Ⅰ相代谢物以不同形式与葡萄糖醛酸酯和硫酸酯结合排出体外 | [ |
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