法医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 407-420.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.250808

• 特邀综述 •    

肩负法治中国建设重任,推进我国法医临床学全面发展

邓振华()   

  1. 四川大学 华西基础医学与法医学院,四川 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2026-01-27 出版日期:2025-10-25
  • 作者简介:邓振华(1963—),男,教授,主要从事法医临床学和法医影像学研究;E-mail:dengzhenhua@scu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82471915)

Shouldering the Responsibility of Building a Law-Based China and Advancing the Comprehensive Development of Forensic Clinical Medicine

Zhen-hua DENG()   

  1. West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2025-08-15 Online:2026-01-27 Published:2025-10-25

摘要:

我国法医临床学已从早期的活体检验实践,发展成为一个拥有完整本硕博教育体系、专业化鉴定队伍和多层次标准体系的独立学科。与国外主要依赖临床医师兼职、尚未形成独立学科体系的状况不同,我国法医临床学依托国家层面的制度设计,在学科建设、人才培养、技术标准及科学研究方面取得了显著成就。本文梳理了学科从古至今,尤其是近几十年的发展脉络,详述了在教育体系、人才队伍、学术生态和技术标准规范方面的协同演进,重点分析了当前活跃的研究领域,包括法医临床鉴定标准体系的完善、法医影像学从基础影像到人工智能与多模态融合的精准鉴定发展,以及视觉电生理技术在视觉功能客观评定中的创新突破与应用。展望未来,学科将继续完善标准体系,深化人工智能等前沿技术的融合,加强国际协同,以期为法治中国建设提供更坚实的科学技术支撑。

关键词: 法医临床学, 学科建设, 技术规范, 人才培养, 法医影像学, 视觉电生理学

Abstract:

The forensic clinical discipline in China has evolved from early practices of living body examination into a dedicated framework featuring a complete bachelor, master and doctoral education system, a professional forensic identification workforce, and a multi-tiered standardization system. In contrast to other countries, where forensic clinical work is mainly carried out by part-time physicians and an independent disciplinary framework has not established, China has achieved remarkable progress in discipline building, talent cultivation, technical standardization, and scientific research, supported by institutional design at the national level. From ancient times to the present, with a focus on recent decades’ developmental context, and elaborates on the coordinated evolution of the education system, professional workforce, academic ecosystem, and technical standardization. It provides an in-depth analysis of the currently active research areas, including the improvement of the forensic clinical identification standards system, the development of forensic imaging from basic imaging techniques to precision identification enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) and multi-modal fusion, and the innovative breakthroughs of visual electrophysiology for objective functional assessment. Future development will focus on further standardizing practices, integrating AI, and enhancing international collaboration to strengthen the discipline’s scientific foundation and support for building a law-based China.

Key words: forensic clinical medicine, discipline construction, technical standards, talent development, forensic imaging, visual electrophysiology

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