法医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 8-16.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.241108

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于结构化损伤特征的机器学习模型判别外伤后膝关节活动度

窦润庭1(), 程顺2(), 周鑫2, 叶星1, 王智敏1, 洪光辉1, 张麒2, 夏晴3(), 沈忆文1()   

  1. 1.复旦大学基础医学院法医学系,上海 200032
    2.上海大学通信与信息工程学院 智慧医疗与智能影像学技术(SMART)实验室,上海 200444
    3.司法鉴定科学研究院 上海市法医学重点实验室 司法部司法鉴定重点实验室 上海市司法鉴定专业技术服务平台,上海 200063
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-29 发布日期:2026-04-28 出版日期:2026-02-25
  • 通讯作者: 夏晴,沈忆文
  • 作者简介:窦润庭(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事法医临床学研究;E-mail:rtdou23@m.fudan.edu.cn
    程顺(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事医学图像处理;E-mail:617639764@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    “十四五”国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3302001)

Machine Learning Model Based on Structured Injury Features for Knee Mobility Discriminations after Traumatic Injury

Run-ting DOU1(), Shun CHENG2(), Xin ZHOU2, Xing YE1, Zhi-min WANG1, Guang-hui HONG1, Qi ZHANG2, Qing XIA3(), Yi-wen SHEN1()   

  1. 1.Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    2.The SMART (Smart Medicine and AI-based Radiology Technology) Lab, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
    3.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
  • Received:2024-11-29 Online:2026-04-28 Published:2026-02-25
  • Contact: Qing XIA, Yi-wen SHEN

摘要:

目的 基于司法鉴定案例档案提取结构化的膝关节外伤损伤特征,利用机器学习模型结合投票法,根据损伤特征推断膝关节活动受限程度。 方法 回顾性收集膝关节外伤致运动功能障碍司法鉴定案例490例,按照8:2比例划分为训练集和测试集;提取结构化损伤特征并利用MySQL数据库进行数据的系统化组织与储存,采用支持向量分类、随机森林、逻辑回归、梯度提升、K最邻近算法、极限梯度提升共6种机器学习模型筛选出的最佳模型,结合投票法,以关节活动度损失25%为界,建立膝关节功能障碍程度判别模型。根据初步筛选的平均AUC值挑选最佳模型,再采用5-折交叉验证进一步验证。采用SHAP方法分析并解释最佳模型的预测结果。另外收集57例作为外部验证集检验模型的泛化能力。 结果 支持向量分类、随机森林、极限梯度提升3种模型的平均AUC值较高,均超过0.9。在5-折交叉验证中,三个模型的平均AUC值均为0.89。使用投票法集成这3种模型后,5-折交叉验证平均AUC值提升至0.91。根据Shapley值生成的特征贡献图和决策图直观展示了模型的外部验证集各项评估指标与内部测试结果相近。 结论 本研究建立的基于结构化膝关节外伤损伤特征机器学习模型,在膝关节外伤后运动功能障碍程度判别任务中效果较好,模型具有良好的可解释性与较高的泛化能力。

关键词: 法医临床学, 关节活动度, 机器学习, 数据结构化, 膝关节

Abstract:

Objective To extract structured injury features of knee trauma from forensic case files, and to calculate the degree of joint mobility limitation based on the injury features using a machine learning model combined with the voting method. Methods A total of 490 forensic cases involving knee trauma leading to motor dysfunction were retrospectively collected and randomly divided into training and testing sets at an 8:2 ratio. Structured injury features were extracted and systematically organized and stored using a MySQL database. Six machine learning models, including support vector classification, random forest, logistic regression, gradient boosting, k- nearest neighbors, and extreme gradient boosting, were applied to select the optimal models. Using a 25% loss of joint range of motion as the threshold, a model for classifying the severity of knee functional impairment was established by combining the selected models with a voting method. The best models were first selected based on their average AUC values, and further validated using 5-fold cross-validation. The SHAP method was used to analyze and interpret the prediction results of the optimal model. In addition, 57 cases were collected as an external validation to evaluate the model's generalization ability. Results The average AUC values for support vector machine, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting all exceeded 0.9. In 5-fold cross-validation, each of the three individual models achieved an average AUC value of 0.89. After integrating these three models using the voting method, the average AUC of 5-fold cross-validation increased to 0.91. Feature contribution plots and decision plots generated based on Shapley values clearly illustrated the model's performance, and the evaluation metrics on the external validation set were comparable to those from internal validation. Conclusion The developed machine learning model based on structured injury features demonstrates good performance in classifying the severity of motor dysfunction following knee trauma, with high model interpretability and strong generalization capability.

Key words: forensic clinics, joint range of motion, machine learning, data structuring, knee joint

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