法医学杂志

法医学杂志 ›› 2009, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (3): 212-216.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

表观遗传学及其在同卵双生子研究中的新进展

李成涛;赵书民;李莉;   

  1. 司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所上海市法医学重点实验室;复旦大学生命科学学院;
  • 发布日期:2009-06-25 出版日期:2009-06-28

Epigenetics and Its New Progress in Monozygotic Twins

LI CHENG-TAO1,2,ZHAO SHU-MIN1,LI LI1(1.SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE,INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE,MINISTRY OF JUSTICE,P.R.CHINA,SHANGHAI 200063,CHINA;2.SCHOOL OF LIFE SCIENCES,FUDAN UNIVERSITY,SHANGHAI 200433,CHINA)   

  • Online:2009-06-25 Published:2009-06-28

被引次数

34

摘要： 表观遗传学是指不改变DNA序列的可遗传的基因表达改变,是多细胞真核生物的重要生物学现象。DNA甲基化、基因组印记、组蛋白乙酰化、组蛋白甲基化、染色质重塑、假基因和小分子RNA等是表观遗传学的主要研究内容。同卵双生子(monozygotic twins,MZ)是由一个受精卵分裂发育而成的双胞胎,二者具有完全相同的基因组DNA序列。从经典遗传学的角度,使用短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,STR)和单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)等遗传标记均不能对其进行有效的个体甄别。因此,寻找新的遗传标记显得尤为重要,最新表观遗传学领域的研究成果表明,MZ个体间DNA甲基化差异显著,这为甄别MZ个体提供了新的策略。本文对表观遗传学的概念、研究内容及表观遗传学在MZ鉴别中的应用前景进行了综述。

关键词: 法医遗传学, 双生, 单卵, 综述[文献类型], DNA甲基化, 表观遗传学

Abstract: Epigenetic,which refers to heritable differences of genes without changing their DNA sequences,is one of the most important biology phenomena in multicellular eukaryotes.Its research contents involves DNA methylation,genomic imprinting,histone acetylation,histone methylation,chromatin remodeling,pseudogene,and microRNA etc.Monozygotic twins is developed from one single zygote and are genetically identical in genomic DNA sequence.From the view of classical genetics,traditional genetic markers such as short tandem repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism can not play important role in discriminating monozygotic twins.So it is very essential to find new genetic markers.Recent achievements made in epigenetics show that there exist striking differences in monozygotic twins and provide a new strategy to discriminate the monozygotic twins.In this paper,the concepts,research contents of epigenetics and its application perspective in discriminating monozygotic twins are reviewed.

Key words: forensic genetics, twins, monozygotic, review[publication type], DNA methylation, epigenetics