法医学杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 774-782.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.511101
刘洋1,2(), 许敏敏1, 张亚3, 刘世权4, 苑美青5(
), 贾振军1(
)
收稿日期:
2021-11-01
发布日期:
2022-12-25
出版日期:
2022-12-28
通讯作者:
苑美青,贾振军
作者简介:
贾振军,男,博士,副教授,主要从事刑事案件现场勘验及法医物证学教学与科研;E-mail:zhenjunjia@163.com基金资助:
Yang LIU1,2(), Min-min XU1, Ya ZHANG3, Shi-quan LIU4, Mei-qing YUAN5(
), Zhen-Jun JIA1(
)
Received:
2021-11-01
Online:
2022-12-25
Published:
2022-12-28
Contact:
Mei-qing YUAN,Zhen-Jun JIA
摘要:
近年来,性侵害案件呈持续高发态势,严重侵害了妇女儿童的合法权益,引起社会的广泛关注。DNA证据已成为性侵害案件中证明案件事实的关键证据,但部分性侵害案件可能缺乏DNA证据或仅有DNA证据,导致案件审理事实不清、证据不足。随着高通量测序技术的出现以及生物信息学、人工智能的发展,微生物组学的研究也取得了新进展,研究人员开始尝试将人体微生物组用于疑难性侵害案件的检验鉴定中。本文综述了人体微生物组的特点以及人体微生物组在体液斑迹来源推断、性侵害方式推定、案发时间推断等方面的应用价值,并对人体微生物组应用于实际办案所面临的挑战、解决方法及未来发展潜力进行分析与展望。
中图分类号:
刘洋, 许敏敏, 张亚, 刘世权, 苑美青, 贾振军. 人体微生物组在性侵害案件中的应用价值及研究进展[J]. 法医学杂志, 2022, 38(6): 774-782.
Yang LIU, Min-min XU, Ya ZHANG, Shi-quan LIU, Mei-qing YUAN, Zhen-Jun JIA. Application Value and Research Progress of Human Microbiome in Sexual Assault Cases[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2022, 38(6): 774-782.
1 | ABRAHAMS N, DEVRIES K, WATTS C, et al. Worldwide prevalence of non-partner sexual violence: A systematic review[J]. Lancet,2014,383(9929):1648-1654. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62243-6 . |
2 | 最高人民检察院. 最高人民检察院工作报告(第十三届全国人民代表大会第四次会议 张军 2021年3月8日)[R/OL].(2021-03-15)[2021-10-09]. . |
The Supreme People’s Procuratorate of the People’s Republic of China. Work report of the Supreme Peo-ple’s Procuratorate (The fourth session of the 13th National People’s Congress, ZHANG Jun, March 8, 2021)[R/OL]. (2021-03-15)[2021-10-09]. . | |
spp.gov.cn/spp/gzbg/202103/t20210315_512731.shtml. | |
3 | 中国少年儿童文化艺术基金会,北京众一公益基金会. “女童保护”2020年性侵儿童案例统计及儿童防性侵教育调查报告[R/OL].(2021-03-04)[2021-10-08]. . |
China Children’s Culture and Art Foundation, Beijing All in One Foundation. “Girl Protection” statistics of child sexual assault cases in 2020 and investigation report of child sexual assault prevention education[R/OL]. (2021-03-04)[2021-10-08]. . | |
4 | MEAKIN G, JAMIESON A. DNA transfer: Review and implications for casework[J]. Forensic Sci Int Genet,2013,7(4):434-443. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2013. 03.013 . |
5 | FONNELØP A E, EGELAND T, GILL P. Secon-dary and subsequent DNA transfer during criminal investigation[J]. Forensic Sci Int Genet,2015,17:155-162. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.05.009 . |
6 | AHANNACH S, SPACOVA I, DECORTE R, et al. At the interface of life and death: Post-mortem and other applications of vaginal, skin, and salivary microbiome analysis in forensics[J]. Front Microbiol,2021,12:694447. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.694447 . |
7 | KARADAYI S, ARASOGLU T, AKMAYAN I, et al. Assessment of the exclusion potential of suspects by using microbial signature in sexual assault cases: A scenario-based experimental study[J]. Forensic Sci Int,2021,325:110886. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.11 0886 . |
8 | SINGH H, CLARKE T, BRINKAC L, et al. Forensic microbiome database: A tool for forensic geolocation meta-analysis using publicly available 16S rRNA microbiome sequencing[J]. Front Microbiol,2021,12:644861. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.644861 . |
9 | GARCÍA M G, PÉREZ-CÁRCELES M D, OSUNA E, et al. Impact of the human microbiome in forensic sciences: A systematic review[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol,2020,86(22):e01451-e01420. doi:10 . |
1128/AEM.01451-20. | |
10 | OLIVEIRA M, AMORIM A. Microbial forensics: New breakthroughs and future prospects[J]. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2018,102(24):10377-10391. doi:10.1007/s00253-018-9414-6 . |
11 | 郭晓奎. 人体微生物群与微生物组[J].微生物与感染,2017,12(3):132-138. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-6184. 2017.03.002 . |
GUO X K. Human microbiota and microbiome[J]. Weishengwu Yu Ganran,2017,12(3):132-138. | |
12 | YATSUNENKO T, REY F E, MANARY M J, et al. Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography[J]. Nature,2012,486(7402):222-227. doi:10.1038/nature11053 . |
13 | FIERER N, LAUBER C L, ZHOU N, et al. Forensic identification using skin bacterial communities[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2010,107(14):6477-6481. doi:10.1073/pnas.1000162107 . |
14 | LEE H J, JEONG S E, LEE S, et al. Effects of cosmetics on the skin microbiome of facial cheeks with different hydration levels[J]. Microbiologyopen,2018,7(2):e00557. doi:10.1002/mbo3.557 . |
15 | LI M, BUDDING A E, VAN DER LUGT-DEGEN M, et al. The influence of age, gender and race/ethnicity on the composition of the human axillary microbiome[J]. Int J Cosmet Sci,2019,41(4):371-377. doi:10.1111/ics.12549 . |
16 | GRÖNROOS M, PARAJULI A, LAITINEN O H, et al. Short-term direct contact with soil and plant materials leads to an immediate increase in diversity of skin microbiota[J]. Microbiologyopen,2019,8(3):e00645. doi:10.1002/mbo3.645 . |
17 | HOSPODSKY D, PICKERING A J, JULIAN T R, et al. Hand bacterial communities vary across two different human populations[J]. Microbiology (Reading),2014,160(Pt 6):1144-1152. doi:10.1099/mic.0.075390-0 . |
18 | EHLERS C, IVENSU I, MØLLERM L, et al. Females have lower skin surface pH than men. A study on the surface of gender, forearm site variation, right/left difference and time of the day on the skin surface pH[J]. Skin Res Technol,2001,7(2):90-94. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0846.2001.70206.x . |
19 | YING S, ZENG D N, CHI L, et al. The influence of age and gender on skin-associated microbial communities in urban and rural human populations[J]. PLoS One,2015,10(10):e0141842. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141842 . |
20 | EDMONDS-WILSON S L, NURINOVA N, ZAPKA C A, et al. Review of human hand microbiome research[J]. J Dermatol Sci,2015,80(1):3-12. doi:10 . |
1016/j.jdermsci.2015.07.006. | |
21 | LI Z, BAI X, PENG T, et al. New insights into the skin microbial communities and skin aging[J]. Front Microbiol,2020,11:565549. doi:10.3389/fmicb. 2020.565549 . |
22 | DIMITRIU P A, IKER B, MALIK K, et al. New insights into the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that shape the human skin microbiome[J]. mBio,2019,10(4):e00839-e00819. doi:10.1128/mBio.00839-19 . |
23 | JUGÉ R, ROUAUD-TINGUELY P, BREUGNOT J, et al. Shift in skin microbiota of Western European women across aging[J]. J Appl Microbiol,2018,125(3):907-916. doi:10.1111/jam.13929 . |
24 | DÍEZ LÓPEZ C, VIDAKI A, RALF A, et al. Novel taxonomy-independent deep learning microbiome approach allows for accurate classification of different forensically relevant human epithelial materials[J]. Forensic Sci Int Genet,2019,41:72-82. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.03.015 . |
25 | COSTELLO E K, LAUBER C L, HAMADY M, et al. Bacterial community variation in human body habitats across space and time[J]. Science,2009,326(5960):1694-1697. doi:10.1126/science.1177486 . |
26 | FRANZOSA E A, HUANG K, MEADOW J F, et al. Identifying personal microbiomes using meta-genomic codes[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2015,112(22):E2930-E2938. doi:10.1073/pnas.1423854112 . |
27 | CHEN L, WANG D, GARMAEVA S, et al. The long-term genetic stability and individual specificity of the human gut microbiome[J]. Cell,2021,184(9):2302-2315.e12. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.024 . |
28 | WANG J, JIA Z, ZHANG B, et al. Tracing the accumulation of in vivo human oral microbiota elucidates microbial community dynamics at the gateway to the GI tract[J]. Gut,2020,69(7):1355-1356. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318977 . |
29 | OH J, BYRD A L, PARK M, et al. Temporal stability of the human skin microbiome[J]. Cell,2016,165(4):854-866. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.008 . |
30 | SCHMEDES S E, WOERNER A E, BUDOWLE B. Forensic human identification using skin micro-biomes[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol,2017,83(22):e01672-e01617. doi:10.1128/AEM.01672-17 . |
31 | GAJER P, BROTMAN R M, BAI G, et al. Temporal dynamics of the human vaginal microbiota[J]. Sci Transl Med,2012,4(132):132ra52. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003605 . |
32 | VODSTRCIL L A, TWIN J, GARLAND S M, et al. The influence of sexual activity on the vaginal microbiota and Gardnerella vaginalis clade diversity in young women[J]. PLoS One,2017,12(2):e0171856. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171856 . |
33 | RAVEL J, GAJER P, ABDO Z, et al. Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2011,108(S1):4680-4687. doi:10 . |
1073/pnas.1002611107. | |
34 | DIOP K, DUFOUR J C, LEVASSEUR A, et al. Exhaustive repertoire of human vaginal microbiota[J]. Hum Microbi J,2019,11:100051. doi:10.1016/j.humic. 2018.11.002 . |
35 | ZHOU X, HANSMANN M A, DAVIS C C, et al. The vaginal bacterial communities of Japanese women resemble those of women in other racial groups[J]. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol,2010,58(2):169-181. doi:10.1111/j.1574-695X.2009.00618.x . |
36 | JESPERS V, MENTEN J, SMET H, et al. Quantification of bacterial species of the vaginal microbiome in different groups of women, using nucleic acid amplification tests[J]. BMC Microbiol,2012,12:83. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-12-83 . |
37 | HICKEY R J, ZHOU X, SETTLES M L, et al. Vaginal microbiota of adolescent girls prior to the onset of menarche resemble those of reproductive-age women[J]. mBio,2015,6(2):e00097-e00015. doi:10.1128/mBio.00097-15 . |
38 | YAO T, WANG Z, LIANG X, et al. Signatures of vaginal microbiota by 16S rRNA gene: Potential bio-geographical application in Chinese Han from three regions of China[J]. Int J Legal Med,2021,135(4):1213-1224. doi:10.1007/s00414-021-02525-y . |
39 | NELSON D E, DONG Q, VAN DER POL B, et al. Bacterial communities of the coronal sulcus and distal urethra of adolescent males[J]. PLoS One,2012,7(5):e36298. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036298 . |
40 | ZOZAYA M, FERRIS M J, SIREN J D, et al. Bacterial communities in penile skin, male urethra, and vaginas of heterosexual couples with and without bacterial vaginosis[J]. Microbiome,2016,4:16. doi:10.1186/s40168-016-0161-6 . |
41 | LIU C M, HUNGATE B A, TOBIAN A A R, et al. Penile microbiota and female partner bacterial vaginosis in Rakai, Uganda[J]. mBio,2015,6(3):e00589. doi:10.1128/mBio.00589-15 . |
42 | MEHTA S D, ZHAO D, GREEN S J, et al. The microbiome composition of a man’s penis predicts incident bacterial vaginosis in his female sex partner with high accuracy[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol,2020,10:433. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00433 . |
43 | PRICE L B, LIU C M, JOHNSON K E, et al. The effects of circumcision on the penis microbiome[J]. PLoS One,2010,5(1):e8422. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008422 . |
44 | BURCHAM Z M, GARNEAU N L, COMSTOCK S S, et al. Patterns of oral microbiota diversity in adults and children: A crowdsourced population study[J]. Sci Rep,2020,10(1):2133. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59016-0 . |
45 | GOODSON J M, HARTMAN M L, SHI P, et al. The salivary microbiome is altered in the presence of a high salivary glucose concentration[J]. PLoS One,2017,12(3):e0170437. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0170437 . |
46 | SHAW L, RIBEIRO A L R, LEVINE A P, et al. The human salivary microbiome is shaped by shared environment rather than genetics: Evidence from a large family of closely related individuals[J]. mBio,2017,8(5):e01237-e01217. doi:10.1128/mBio.01237- 17 . |
47 | KORT R, CASPERS M, VAN DE GRAAF A, et al. Shaping the oral microbiota through intimate kissing[J]. Microbiome,2014,2:41. doi:10.1186/2049- 2618-2-41 . |
48 | MIN Y W, RHEE P L. The role of microbiota on the gut immunology[J]. Clin Ther,2015,37(5):968-975. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.03.009 . |
49 | GUARNER F, Malagelada J R. Gut flora in health and disease[J]. Lancet,2003,361(9356):512-519. doi: |
50 | 1016/S0140-6736(03)12489-0. |
51 | DONALDSON G P, LEE S M, MAZMANIAN S K. Gut biogeography of the bacterial microbiota[J]. Nat Rev Microbiol,2016,14(1):20-32. doi:10.1038/nrmicro3552 . |
52 | DEKABORUAH E, SURYAVANSHI M V, CHET-TRI D, et al. Human microbiome: An academic update on human body site specific surveillance and its possible role[J]. Arch Microbiol,2020,202(8):2147-2167. doi:10.1007/s00203-020-01931-x . |
53 | GRUNBAUM B W. Admissibility of biochemical analyses results from sexual assault evidence in the United States courts[J]. Med Law,1989,8(5):485-492. |
54 | HARBISON S A, FLEMING R I. Forensic body fluid identification: State of the art[J]. Res Rep Forensic Med Sci,2016,6:11-23. doi:10.2147/RRFMS.S57994 . |
55 | JUUSOLA J, BALLANTYNE J. Multiplex mRNA profiling for the identification of body fluids[J]. Forensic Sci Int,2005,152(1):1-12. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.02.020 . |
56 | HANSON E K, BALLANTYNE J. Highly specific mRNA biomarkers for the identification of vaginal secretions in sexual assault investigations[J]. Sci Justice,2013,53(1):14-22. doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2012.03. 007 . |
57 | SIRKER M, FIMMERS R, SCHNEIDER P M, et al. Evaluating the forensic application of 19 target microRNAs as biomarkers in body fluid and tissue identification[J]. Forensic Sci Int Genet,2017,27:41-49. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.11.012 . |
58 | FRUMKIN D, WASSERSTROM A, BUDOWLE B, et al. DNA methylation-based forensic tissue identification[J]. Forensic Sci Int Genet,2011,5(5):517-524. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.12.001 . |
59 | LEE H Y, PARK M J, CHOI A, et al. Potential forensic application of DNA methylation profiling to body fluid identification[J]. Int J Legal Med,2012,126(1):55-62. doi:10.1007/s00414-011-0569-2 . |
60 | JUNG J Y, YOON H K, AN S, et al. Rapid oral bacteria detection based on real-time PCR for the forensic identification of saliva[J]. Sci Rep,2018,8(1):10852. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29264-2 . |
61 | GIAMPAOLI S, ALESSANDRINI F, BERTI A, et al. Forensic interlaboratory evaluation of the ForFLUID kit for vaginal fluids identification[J]. J Forensic Leg Med,2014,21:60-63. doi:10.1016/j.jflm. 2013.10.016 . |
62 | HUANG H, YAO T, WU W, et al. Specific microbes of saliva and vaginal fluid of Guangdong Han females based on 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing[J]. Int J Legal Med,2019,133(3):699-710. doi:10.1007/s00414-018-1986-2 . |
63 | GIAMPAOLI S, DEVITTORI E, VALERIANI F, et al. Informativeness of NGS analysis for vaginal fluid identification[J]. J Forensic Sci,2017,62(1):192-196. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13222 . |
64 | FLEMING R I, HARBISON S A. The use of bacteria for the identification of vaginal secretions[J]. Forensic Sci Int Genet,2010,4(5):311-315. doi:10 . |
1016/j.fsigen.2009.11.008. | |
65 | AKUTSU T, MOTANI H, WATANABE K, et al. Detection of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes for forensic identification of vaginal fluid[J]. Leg Med (Tokyo),2012,14(3):160-162. doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2012.01.005 . |
66 | GIAMPAOLI S, BERTI A, VALERIANI F, et al. Molecular identification of vaginal fluid by microbial signature[J]. Forensic Sci Int Genet,2012,6(5):559-564. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.01.005 . |
67 | DOI M, GAMO S, OKIURA T, et al. A simple identification method for vaginal secretions using relative quantification of Lactobacillus DNA[J]. Forensic Sci Int Genet,2014,12:93-99. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.05.005 . |
68 | ZOU K N, REN L J, PING Y, et al. Identification of vaginal fluid, saliva, and feces using microbial signatures in a Han Chinese population[J]. J Forensic Leg Med,2016,43:126-131. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2016.08.003 . |
69 | WILLOTT G M. An improved test for the detection of salivary amylase in stains[J]. J Forensic Sci Soc,1974,14(4):341-344. doi:10.1016/S0015-7368(74)70923-9 . |
70 | NAKANISHI H, KIDO A, OHMORI T, et al. A novel method for the identification of saliva by detecting oral streptococci using PCR[J]. Forensic Sci Int,2009,183(1/2/3):20-23. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint. 2008.10.003 . |
71 | HANSSEN E N, LILAND K H, GILL P, et al. Optimizing body fluid recognition from microbial taxonomic profiles[J]. Forensic Sci Int Genet,2018,37:13-20. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.07.012 . |
72 | NECKOVIC A, VAN OORSCHOT R A H, SZKUTA B, et al. Investigation of direct and indirect transfer of microbiomes between individuals[J]. Forensic Sci Int Genet,2020,45:102212. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen. 2019.102212 . |
73 | CARDA-DIÉGUEZ M, CÁRDENAS N, APARICIO M, et al. Variations in vaginal, penile, and oral microbiota after sexual intercourse: A case report[J]. Front Med (Lausanne),2019,6:178. doi:10.3389/fmed.2019.00178 . |
74 | TRIDICO S R, MURRAY D C, ADDISON J, et al. Metagenomic analyses of bacteria on human hairs: A qualitative assessment for applications in forensic science[J]. Investig Genet,2014,5(1):16. doi:10 . |
1186/s13323 -014-0016-5. | |
75 | WILLIAMS D W, GIBSON G. Classification of individuals and the potential to detect sexual contact using the microbiome of the pubic region[J]. Forensic Sci Int Genet,2019,41:177-187. doi:10 . |
1016/j.fsigen.2019.05.004. | |
76 | MetaSUB International Consortium. The Metagenomics and Metadesign of the Subways and Urban Biomes (MetaSUB) International Consortium inaugural meeting report[J]. Microbiome,2016,4(1):24. doi:10.1186/s40168-016-0168-z . |
77 | DANKO D C, MELESHKO D, BEZDAN D, et al. Minerva: An alignment- and reference-free approach to deconvolve linked-reads for metagenomics[J]. Genome Res,2019,29(1):116-124. doi:10.1101/gr.2354 99.118 . |
78 | PHAN K, BARASH M, SPINDLER X, et al. Retrieving forensic information about the donor through bacterial profiling[J]. Int J Legal Med,2020,134(1):21-29. doi:10.1007/s00414-019-02069-2 . |
79 | ZHANG Y, PECHAL J L, SCHMIDT C J, et al. Machine learning performance in a microbial molecular autopsy context: A cross-sectional postmortem human population study[J]. PLoS One,2019,14(4):e0213829. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213829 . |
80 | LUTZ H, VANGELATOS A, GOTTEL N, et al. Manner of death and demographic effects on microbial community composition in organs of the human cadaver[J]. bioRxiv,2019. doi:10.1101/752576 . |
81 | JAVAN G T, FINLEY S J, ABIDIN Z, et al. The thanatomicrobiome: A missing piece of the microbial puzzle of death[J]. Front Microbiol,2016,7:225. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00225 . |
82 | BURCHAM Z M, PECHAL J L, SCHMIDT C J, et al. Bacterial community succession, transmigration, and differential gene transcription in a controlled vertebrate decomposition model[J]. Front Microbiol,2019,10:745. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00745 . |
83 | PECHAL J L, SCHMIDT C J, JORDAN H R, et al. A large-scale survey of the postmortem human microbiome, and its potential to provide insight into the living health condition[J]. Sci Rep,2018,8(1):5724. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23989-w . |
[1] | 陶瑞旸, 王守宇, 袁春艳, 夏若成, 李成涛. 应用SNaPshot技术检测精液特异性cSNP遗传标记[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(5): 465-470. |
[2] | 李雯, 李豪喆, 陈琛, 蔡伟雄. 面部微表情分析技术在法医精神病学领域的研究现状及应用展望[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(5): 493-500. |
[3] | 王中华, 李淑瑾. 人类身高推断的分子生物学研究进展[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(5): 487-492. |
[4] | 张琦, 赵禾苗, 杨康, 陈静, 杨瑞琴, 王冲. 利用朴素贝叶斯和多元logistic回归构建月经血mRNA标志分析模型[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(5): 447-451. |
[5] | 安永明, 张志威, 关国鹏. 肺挫裂伤合并多发假性囊肿法医学鉴定1例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(5): 519-522. |
[6] | 陈璐, 周喆, 王升启. 陈旧骸骨DNA身份鉴定的法医学进展[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(5): 478-486. |
[7] | 马安全, 马晓晨, 方俊杰. 会阴部外伤致睾丸萎缩鉴定1例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(5): 528-530. |
[8] | 夏晴, 陈捷敏. 垂直压缩型踝关节骨折成伤机制分析2例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(5): 525-527. |
[9] | 曾勇, 邹冬华, 范颖, 徐晴, 陶陆阳, 陈忆九, 李正东. 人体血管有限元建模及生物力学的研究进展与法医学应用[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(5): 471-477. |
[10] | 李强, 付志浩, 孙晓东, 黄效宇. 利用CT扫描测量法判断眼球内陷残疾评定1例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(5): 516-518. |
[11] | 朱琨, 高东, 范利华. 腓骨骨纤维结构不良并骨折因果关系鉴定1例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(5): 522-524. |
[12] | 林丹丹, 赵莉莉, 施芳芳, 陈雅婷, 潘国南. 二次交通伤致伤方式探讨1例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(5): 530-534. |
[13] | 郝虹霞, 陈捷敏, 王荣荣, 俞晓英, 王萌, 周智露, 盛延良, 夏文涛. 虚拟现实-图像视觉诱发电位用于客观评定单眼屈光不正视觉损伤的价值[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(4): 382-387. |
[14] | 宋爱英, 赵翌博, 杨利君. 液相色谱-串联质谱法检验氟乙酸致死1例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(4): 428-430. |
[15] | 张韦屹, 周旻. 岩斜区脑膜瘤切除术后长期昏迷医疗损害鉴定1例[J]. 法医学杂志, 2023, 39(4): 421-423. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||