Application of Automatic Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction Instrument in Toxic Substances and Illegal Drugs

doi:10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.360303

Abstract

Abstract:

Magnetic solid-phase extraction （MSPE） serves as a key pretreatment technique for trace toxic substances and illegal drugs in complex matrices. Its degree of automation and extraction efficiency directly affect the sensitivity and reliability of analytical detection methods. At present, the detection of toxic substances and illegal drugs in forensic science continues to face challenges, including labor-intensive sample preparation, substantial matrix interference, limited enrichment efficiency, and difficulty in controlling operational variability. Conventional solid-phase extraction （SPE） techniques largely rely on manual procedures and are therefore unable to simultaneously meet the requirements for high throughput, accuracy and repeatability in trace analyte analysis. To address these limitations, our team established a novel MSPE method with high enrichment factors based on a self-developed fully automated MSPE instrument （Model HS-401-1）. Combined with fluorescence immunoassay, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS）, and gas chromato-

graphy-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, the proposed method was applied to the sample pretreatment and quantitative analysis of toxic substances and illegal drugs in wastewater, blood and urine matrices. The results demonstrated that the extraction instrument could accelerate sample pretreatment, markedly increase enrichment factors, effectively reduce matrix interference, and enhance the response signals of target analytes. The accuracy and precision of the established method met the requirements for trace-level analysis. Practical forensic identification cases verified that the automated MSPE system was able to reduce human-induced operational errors and greatly improve the degree of automation and overall efficiency of the pretreatment workflow. This instrument provides a reliable technical solution for the screening of toxic substances and illicit drugs in forensic science and demonstrates significant academic value as well as promising prospects for widespread application.

Key words: forensic medicine, technology transfer, automated magnetic solid-phase extraction instrument, toxic substances, illegal drugs

CLC Number:

Yawen XIAO, Yaoran YANG, Chongjun YANG, Yan SUN, Yue CHEN, Naihan HAN, Yuan MENG, Wenjun WANG, Qingshui REN, Jing ZHU, Tongshu ZHANG, Bing WANG, Liyan ZHANG. Application of Automatic Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction Instrument in Toxic Substances and Illegal Drugs[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2026, 42(3): 240-246.

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URL: http://www.fyxzz.cn/EN/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.360303

http://www.fyxzz.cn/EN/Y2026/V42/I3/240

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Configuration of automatic magnetic solid-phase extraction instrument

Fig. 2 Recoveries of 16 drugs in wastewater at low， medium and high concentrations

Tab. 1 Comparison of this method with the current standard methods

方法/标准	萃取检测方法	6个样品萃取时间/min
本方法	MSPE-UPLC-MS/MS	<8
SN/T 0134—2010	SPE-HPLC-MS/MS	>60
GB 23200.112—2018	SPE-HPLC-FL	>90

Fig. 3 MSPE-GC-MS chromatograms of toxic substances in blood and urine

Fig. 4 MSPE and liquid-liquid extraction method for detecting dichlorvos in blood

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