Journal of Forensic Medicine ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 597-607.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.340704
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Guo-qing GAO1,2(), Shuo YANG1,2, Li-ying ZHOU1, Shi-bei DU1,2, Yan SHI1(
)
Received:
2024-07-11
Online:
2025-03-10
Published:
2024-12-25
Contact:
Yan SHI
CLC Number:
Guo-qing GAO, Shuo YANG, Li-ying ZHOU, Shi-bei DU, Yan SHI. In Vivo Analysis of New Psychoactive Substances: Nitazenes[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2024, 40(6): 597-607.
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URL: http://www.fyxzz.cn/EN/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.340704
序号 | 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 依托尼秦1) | etonitazene | 911-65-9 |
2 | 氯尼他秦1) | clonitazene | 3861-76-5 |
3 | 异丙托尼秦2) | isotonitazene | 14188-81-9 |
4 | 美托尼秦3) | metonitazene | 14680-51-4 |
5 | 去硝基依托尼秦3) | etazene | 14030-76-3 |
6 | 丙托尼秦3) | protonitazene | 95958-84-2 |
7 | 依托吡尼秦3) | etonitazepyne | 2785346-75-8 |
8 | 丁托尼秦3) | butonitazene | 95810-54-1 |
9 | 丙托吡尼秦3) | protonitazepyne | 3038401-95-2 |
10 | N-去乙基异丙托尼秦3) | N-desethyl isotonitazene | 2732926-24-6 |
11 | N-去乙基依托尼秦3) | N-desethyl etonitazene | 2732926-26-8 |
12 | 亚乙氧尼秦3) | ethyleneoxynitazene | 暂无 |
Tab. 1 The information of controlled nitazenes
序号 | 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 依托尼秦1) | etonitazene | 911-65-9 |
2 | 氯尼他秦1) | clonitazene | 3861-76-5 |
3 | 异丙托尼秦2) | isotonitazene | 14188-81-9 |
4 | 美托尼秦3) | metonitazene | 14680-51-4 |
5 | 去硝基依托尼秦3) | etazene | 14030-76-3 |
6 | 丙托尼秦3) | protonitazene | 95958-84-2 |
7 | 依托吡尼秦3) | etonitazepyne | 2785346-75-8 |
8 | 丁托尼秦3) | butonitazene | 95810-54-1 |
9 | 丙托吡尼秦3) | protonitazepyne | 3038401-95-2 |
10 | N-去乙基异丙托尼秦3) | N-desethyl isotonitazene | 2732926-24-6 |
11 | N-去乙基依托尼秦3) | N-desethyl etonitazene | 2732926-26-8 |
12 | 亚乙氧尼秦3) | ethyleneoxynitazene | 暂无 |
序号 | 化合物 | 基质 | 前处理方法 | 色谱柱 | 流动相 | 定量限 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 异丙托尼秦 | 血液、尿液 | 液液萃取法 | Agilent InfinityLab Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (3.0 mm×100 mm,2.7 μm) | A:含0.1%甲酸的水溶液; B:含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液 | 0.02 ng/mL | [ |
2 | 依托尼秦、美托尼秦等9种尼秦类物质 | 血液 | 中空纤维液相微萃取法 | Phenomenex Kinetex Biphenyl column (2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm) | A:10 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液; B:甲醇 | 0.1 ng/mL | [ |
3 | 异丙托尼秦 | 毛发 | 冷冻研磨法 | Ascentis Express C18 column (2.1 mm ×100 mm,2.7 μm) | A:含0.1%甲酸的10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液; B:10 mmol/L乙酸铵乙腈溶液 | 1.25 pg/mg | [ |
4 | 丙托尼秦 | 毛发 | V乙醚∶V二氯甲烷∶V己烷∶V异戊醇=500∶300∶200∶5提取 | Waters ACQUITY HSS C18 column (2.1 mm×150 mm,1.8 μm) | A:pH=3的甲酸缓冲液; B:含0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液 | 1 pg/mg | [ |
5 | N-哌啶依托尼秦 | 毛发、指甲 | 甲醇提取 | Phenomenex Kinetex Biphenyl column (2.1 mm×50 mm,2.6 μm) | A:含0.1%甲酸的水溶液; B:含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液 | 10 pg/mg | [ |
6 | 去硝基美托尼秦、美托尼秦等17种尼秦类物质 | 毛发 | 冷冻研磨法 | Phenomenex Kinetex Biphenyl 100 Å LCcolumn (3.0 mm × 100 mm, 2.6 µm) | A:含0.1%甲酸的水溶液; B:乙腈 | 5~20 pg/mg | [ |
7 | 异丙托尼秦、美托尼秦 | 血液、尿液,组织 | 蛋白沉淀法 | Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm,2.7 µm) | A:含0.1%甲酸的水溶液; B:含0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液 | - | [ |
8 | 异丙托尼秦 | 血液、尿液,组织 | 固相萃取法 | Accucore RP-MS C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm,2.6 μm) | A:含0.1%甲酸的水溶液; B:含0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液 | 血液:0.015 ng/mL; 尿液:0.015 ng/mL; 组织:- | [ |
9 | 丙托尼秦、异丙托尼秦等9种尼秦类物质 | 血液 | 液液萃取法 | Agilent InfinityLab Poroshell 120 C18 column (3.0 mm×100 mm,2.7 µm) | A:含0.1%甲酸的水溶液; B:含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液 | 0.1 ng/mL | [ |
10 | 丁托尼秦、去硝基依托尼秦等9种尼秦类物质 | 干血斑 | V甲醇∶V乙腈=3∶1提取 | Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 µm) | A:5 mmol/L甲酸水溶液; B:5 mmol/L甲酸乙腈溶液 | 0.3 ng/mL | [ |
Tab. 2 Methods for the analysis of nitazenes in different matrices using LC-MS
序号 | 化合物 | 基质 | 前处理方法 | 色谱柱 | 流动相 | 定量限 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 异丙托尼秦 | 血液、尿液 | 液液萃取法 | Agilent InfinityLab Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (3.0 mm×100 mm,2.7 μm) | A:含0.1%甲酸的水溶液; B:含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液 | 0.02 ng/mL | [ |
2 | 依托尼秦、美托尼秦等9种尼秦类物质 | 血液 | 中空纤维液相微萃取法 | Phenomenex Kinetex Biphenyl column (2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm) | A:10 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液; B:甲醇 | 0.1 ng/mL | [ |
3 | 异丙托尼秦 | 毛发 | 冷冻研磨法 | Ascentis Express C18 column (2.1 mm ×100 mm,2.7 μm) | A:含0.1%甲酸的10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液; B:10 mmol/L乙酸铵乙腈溶液 | 1.25 pg/mg | [ |
4 | 丙托尼秦 | 毛发 | V乙醚∶V二氯甲烷∶V己烷∶V异戊醇=500∶300∶200∶5提取 | Waters ACQUITY HSS C18 column (2.1 mm×150 mm,1.8 μm) | A:pH=3的甲酸缓冲液; B:含0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液 | 1 pg/mg | [ |
5 | N-哌啶依托尼秦 | 毛发、指甲 | 甲醇提取 | Phenomenex Kinetex Biphenyl column (2.1 mm×50 mm,2.6 μm) | A:含0.1%甲酸的水溶液; B:含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液 | 10 pg/mg | [ |
6 | 去硝基美托尼秦、美托尼秦等17种尼秦类物质 | 毛发 | 冷冻研磨法 | Phenomenex Kinetex Biphenyl 100 Å LCcolumn (3.0 mm × 100 mm, 2.6 µm) | A:含0.1%甲酸的水溶液; B:乙腈 | 5~20 pg/mg | [ |
7 | 异丙托尼秦、美托尼秦 | 血液、尿液,组织 | 蛋白沉淀法 | Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm,2.7 µm) | A:含0.1%甲酸的水溶液; B:含0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液 | - | [ |
8 | 异丙托尼秦 | 血液、尿液,组织 | 固相萃取法 | Accucore RP-MS C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm,2.6 μm) | A:含0.1%甲酸的水溶液; B:含0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液 | 血液:0.015 ng/mL; 尿液:0.015 ng/mL; 组织:- | [ |
9 | 丙托尼秦、异丙托尼秦等9种尼秦类物质 | 血液 | 液液萃取法 | Agilent InfinityLab Poroshell 120 C18 column (3.0 mm×100 mm,2.7 µm) | A:含0.1%甲酸的水溶液; B:含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液 | 0.1 ng/mL | [ |
10 | 丁托尼秦、去硝基依托尼秦等9种尼秦类物质 | 干血斑 | V甲醇∶V乙腈=3∶1提取 | Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 µm) | A:5 mmol/L甲酸水溶液; B:5 mmol/L甲酸乙腈溶液 | 0.3 ng/mL | [ |
案例 | 简要案情 | 分析结果 | 血液中其他检出物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 43岁的男性,疑似吸食海洛因后昏迷 | 血清:异丙托尼秦0.18 ng/mL | 可卡因1)、丁丙诺啡1) | [ |
2 | 41岁的男性,吸食了一种新的“树脂”后反应迟钝、呼吸困难 | 血清:异丙托尼秦0.81 ng/mL | 可卡因1)、丁丙诺啡1) | [ |
3 | 20多岁的女性,服用标记为去硝基依托尼秦的物质后昏倒 | 血液:去硝基依托尼秦1) | 苯丙胺 90 ng/mL | [ |
4 | 30多岁的女性,服用标记为丙托尼秦的物质后意识丧失、呼吸暂停 | 血液:丁托尼秦1),丙托尼秦1) | 甲基苯丙胺70 ng/mL | [ |
5 | 25岁的男性,服用标记为N-哌啶依托尼秦的粉末后全身肌肉疼痛并严重腹痛 | 血清:N-哌啶依托尼秦1.21 ng/mL;尿液:N-哌啶依托尼秦 0.51 ng/mL | 地西泮1)、劳拉西泮1)、普瑞巴林1) | [ |
6 | 60岁的男性,疑似吸毒后死亡 | 血液:美托尼秦6.0 ng/mL;尿液:美托尼秦 5.2 ng/mL | 曲马多520 ng/mL,依替唑仑5.2 ng/mL | [ |
7 | 27岁的男性,疑似注射“海洛因”死亡 | 血液:异丙托尼秦1.9 ng/mL;玻璃体液:异丙托尼秦0.1 ng/mL;尿液:异丙托尼秦2.6 ng/mL | 依替唑仑15 ng/mL | [ |
8 | 41岁的男性,死亡时身上发现白色粉末 | 血液:异丙托尼秦 0.9 ng/mL;尿液:异丙托尼秦 3.5 ng/mL | 芬太尼 5.8 ng/mL,4-苯胺基-N-苯乙基哌啶(4-ANPP) 1.6 ng/mL | [ |
9 | 42岁的男性,死亡时身旁发现米黄色粉末 | 血清:美托尼秦18 ng/mL,丁托尼秦2.4 ng/mL;尿液:美托尼秦8.4 ng/mL,丁托尼秦10 ng/mL | 2-(乙基氨基)-1-苯基-1-戊酮1) | [ |
10 | 26岁的男性,死亡时身旁发现毒品包装袋 | 血液:美托尼秦1.6 ng/mL | 芬太尼12 ng/mL,去甲芬太尼0.66 ng/mL,吗啡43 ng/mL | [ |
11 | 40岁的男性,疑似吸毒后死亡 | 血液:美托尼秦2.3 ng/mL;尿液:美托尼秦 4.6 ng/mL | 芬太尼5.8 ng/mL,去甲芬太尼1.2 ng/mL | [ |
Tab. 3 Reports of poisoning and fatal cases involving some nitazenes
案例 | 简要案情 | 分析结果 | 血液中其他检出物质 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 43岁的男性,疑似吸食海洛因后昏迷 | 血清:异丙托尼秦0.18 ng/mL | 可卡因1)、丁丙诺啡1) | [ |
2 | 41岁的男性,吸食了一种新的“树脂”后反应迟钝、呼吸困难 | 血清:异丙托尼秦0.81 ng/mL | 可卡因1)、丁丙诺啡1) | [ |
3 | 20多岁的女性,服用标记为去硝基依托尼秦的物质后昏倒 | 血液:去硝基依托尼秦1) | 苯丙胺 90 ng/mL | [ |
4 | 30多岁的女性,服用标记为丙托尼秦的物质后意识丧失、呼吸暂停 | 血液:丁托尼秦1),丙托尼秦1) | 甲基苯丙胺70 ng/mL | [ |
5 | 25岁的男性,服用标记为N-哌啶依托尼秦的粉末后全身肌肉疼痛并严重腹痛 | 血清:N-哌啶依托尼秦1.21 ng/mL;尿液:N-哌啶依托尼秦 0.51 ng/mL | 地西泮1)、劳拉西泮1)、普瑞巴林1) | [ |
6 | 60岁的男性,疑似吸毒后死亡 | 血液:美托尼秦6.0 ng/mL;尿液:美托尼秦 5.2 ng/mL | 曲马多520 ng/mL,依替唑仑5.2 ng/mL | [ |
7 | 27岁的男性,疑似注射“海洛因”死亡 | 血液:异丙托尼秦1.9 ng/mL;玻璃体液:异丙托尼秦0.1 ng/mL;尿液:异丙托尼秦2.6 ng/mL | 依替唑仑15 ng/mL | [ |
8 | 41岁的男性,死亡时身上发现白色粉末 | 血液:异丙托尼秦 0.9 ng/mL;尿液:异丙托尼秦 3.5 ng/mL | 芬太尼 5.8 ng/mL,4-苯胺基-N-苯乙基哌啶(4-ANPP) 1.6 ng/mL | [ |
9 | 42岁的男性,死亡时身旁发现米黄色粉末 | 血清:美托尼秦18 ng/mL,丁托尼秦2.4 ng/mL;尿液:美托尼秦8.4 ng/mL,丁托尼秦10 ng/mL | 2-(乙基氨基)-1-苯基-1-戊酮1) | [ |
10 | 26岁的男性,死亡时身旁发现毒品包装袋 | 血液:美托尼秦1.6 ng/mL | 芬太尼12 ng/mL,去甲芬太尼0.66 ng/mL,吗啡43 ng/mL | [ |
11 | 40岁的男性,疑似吸毒后死亡 | 血液:美托尼秦2.3 ng/mL;尿液:美托尼秦 4.6 ng/mL | 芬太尼5.8 ng/mL,去甲芬太尼1.2 ng/mL | [ |
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