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28 August 2009, Volume 25 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Time-order Expression of Caspase 3 and iNOS in Contused Human Brain Tissue CAI HONG-XING;LI ZHOU-RU;CHENG YAN-BO;DONG GUO-KAI;ZHONG JING-FANG;YIN WEN-JIANG (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;XUZHOU MEDICAL COLLEGE;XUZHOU 00;CHINA) 2009, 0(4): 241-245.  Abstract ( 2063 )   Objective To investigate the expression of caspase 3 and iNOS in different intervals and to provide evidence for estimation of injury intervals after brain contusion in human. Methods Thirty cases died of serious brain injury were included into the injury groups and 5 cases died of non-brain injury were served as control group. To analyze the changes of caspase 3 and iNOS expression in brain samples at different intervals(2 h, 4-8 h, 10-14 h, 1-2 d, 3-5 d, 8-11 d) by immunohistochemistry and auto-image analysis system. Results The level of caspase 3 expression started to increase in 2 hours after brain contusion compared to the control group(P<0.05). The level of caspase 3 expression continued to increase in 1-2 days and maintained high level in 3-5 days compared to the control group(P<0.05), then decreased gradually. There was no statistically significant difference between the expression level of iNOS in 2 hours with the control group(P>0.05). But the expression level of iNOS began to increase in 4-8 hours after brain contusion and reached its maximum in 1-2 days, then decreased. Weak expression of iNOS still could be detected in 8-11 days. Conclusion The expression of caspase 3 and iNOS can be used as effective evidence for human brain contusion interval. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax Proteins in Myocardial Cells after Macleaya Cordata Alkaloids Poisoning in Rats ZHANG DE- YU;KONG QING-QUAN;ZHANG CHUN-BING;ZHU JIAN-HUA;CHEN MING-DI;WANG PENG (. INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;GONGLI HOSPITAL OF PUDONG NEW DISTRICT;SHANGHAI 00;CHINA;. LISHUI PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;LISHUI 00;CHINA;. COLLEG 2009, 0(4): 246-248+.  Abstract ( 1836 )   Objective To observe the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in rat′s myocardial cells after Macleaya cordata alkaloids poisoning, and to provide certain molecular biology references for the detection of Macleaya cordata alkaloids poisoning. Methods Experimental model of Macleaya cordata alkaloids poisoning was established, the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in these cells were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the results were analyzed by computer image system. Results The expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in myocardial cells in poisoning groups were much greater than those in the control groups (P<0.05). Conclusion If the clinical symptoms may not be obvious, the detection of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins level by immunohistochemistry still could be ancillary method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of HSP70, bFGF and TGF-β1 Expression in Rat Brain after Concussion CHEN RUI;YU BIN-HUA;HU LING;YAN ZHI;WANG WEN-DONG;LIU MIN (. WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;GUANGDONG MEDICAL COLLEGE;DONGGUAN 0; 2009, 0(4): 249-253.  Abstract ( 1776 )   Objective To study the changes of expression of relevant factors in rat brain after concussion injury and to provide scientific basis for forensic estimation of brain injury interval. Methods Brain tissues were sampled from the established SD rat animal model of brain concussion, routinely processed and stained with HE and immunohistochemically stained with antibodies directed against heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70), transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF). The sections were examined under light microscope with IMAGE analytical system and homologous statistical analysis. Results The expression of HSP 70 was observed in 30 minutes after brain injury. The amount of neurons expressing HSP 70 increased gradually, reached its peak at 12 hours and then declined at 24 hours after brain injury. The expression of bFGF was observed 3 hours after injury in brain stem, reached its peak at 12 hours, and then declined. The expression of TGF-β1 was detected 6-24 hours after brain injury, remained at its peak up to 3 days. Conclusion Brain injury can induce a chronological expression of HSP 70, bFGF and TGF-β1. The results can be a potential for estimating the age of brain injury using several markers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison between Application of Imaging Techniques and Autopsy in the Identification of Injury Manner LIU NING-GUO;ZOU DONG-HUA;XU JIAN-RONG;ZHAO HUI-LIN;ZHENG JIAN;CHEN YI-JIU (. SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R. CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY;REN 2009, 0(4): 254-259.  Abstract ( 1744 )   Objective To explore the application of imaging techniques in determining the death cause and injury manner. Methods One case due to high fall was fully examined using multi-slice spiral computed tomography(MSCT), 3-D imaging creation and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). The systemic and detailed autopsy was subsequently performed to compare with the results from imaging studies. The advantages and disadvantages of autopsy and imaging studies were then analyzed. Results Most of the important information such as trauma, fracture and hemorrhage could be obtained by imaging techniques. Furthermore, imaging methods can predict injuries in internal body before autopsy and be minimal or non-invasive to the cadaver. However, the imaging techniques probably also can not find some details in comparison to autopsy in forensic practice and need to improve in their future application. Conclusion Application of imaging techniques can be used as the guidance and complimentary for the forensic autopsy in the identification of injury manner. In addition, the application can even be used to replace autopsy in some special circumstances. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Pelvic Injury Mechanisms in Road Traffic Fatalities According to Young-Burgess Classification HONG XIANG;ZHU YA-LI;BAO CHAO-SHENG (. THE PEOPLE′S PROCURATORATE OF ZHEJIANG PROVINCE;HANGZHOU 00;CHINA;. TRAFFIC ACCIDENT VERIFICATION CENTER;BEIJING TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT BUREAU;BEIJING 0000;CHINA) 2009, 0(4): 260-262+.  Abstract ( 2032 )   Objective To explore the pelvic injury mechanisms in road traffic fatalities(RTFs) according to Young-Burgess classification and its practical value in forensic medicine. Methods Retrospective study was performed on pelvic X-ray radiographs of adult RTFs outside the automobiles in 128 cases. Pelvic injury mechanisms were investigated according to Young -Burgess classification and then were analyzed statistically combined with the real circumstance. Results The accuracy of pelvic injury mechanism identi-fication using APC subtype(94.1%) and LC subtype(92.9%) were significantly higher than that without using subtypes(63.6% and 70.7%) (P<0.05). LC subtype was helpful to discriminate the direction of force, for example the rear lateral force, anterior lateral force or continuous anterior lateral force. Conclusion Young-Burgess classification discriminated by various methods of medical imaging may be helpful to study the pelvic injury mechanisms and provide reliable reference for road traffic accidents reconstruction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison between Auditory Steady-State Response and 40 Hz Auditory Event Related Potential in the Evaluation of Hearing Thresholds LI XIAO-PENG;WEI WEI;WU JUN;Lü JI;SITU HUI-RU (. SHANGHAI HUAYI FORENSIC JUDICIAL APPRAISAL INSTITUTE;SHANGHAI 0000;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY;HUADONG HOSPITAL;SHANGHAI 0000;CHINA) 2009, 0(4): 263-266.  Abstract ( 1902 )   Objective To compare the results between auditory steady-state response (ASSR) and 40 Hz auditory event related potential(AERP), and explore the accuracy of hearing thresholds by using ASSR and AERP and the clinic forensic value. Methods Thirty seven ears were tested with pure-tone audiometer, 40 Hz AERP and ASSR, respectively. All the volunteers in our study were awake during 40 Hz AERP test and ASSR test. Results Thresholds acquired with ASSR and 40 Hz AERP test had a close correlativity and showed higher than those acquired with PTA test. There was no significant difference between the accuracy of ASSR and 40 Hz AERP in estimating pure-tone thresholds. Conclusion After determining the correct value, ASSR can be used directly to evaluate hearing loss objectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of the Number of Allele Shared among Autosomal STR Loci in Full Sibling Identification ZHAO SHU-MIN;LI CHENG-TAO;ZHANG SU-HUA;LI LI;LIN YUAN;QUE TING-ZHI (. SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R. CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. SCHOOL OF LIFE SCIENCES;FUDAN UNI 2009, 0(4): 267-270.  Abstract ( 1844 )   Objective To establish and evaluate the method of full sibling identification based on the number of allele shared among autosomal STR Loci. Methods Two hundred and eighty full sibling pairs and 2 003 unrelated individual pairs were genotyped in 15 STR loci with Identifiler Kit, and the number of allele shared among the 15 STR loci(S15) and full sibling index(FSI) were calculated. Fisher discriminant functions were established with SAS 8.2 software based on S15, the power of which were compared with ITO method. Results The distribution of S15 in full sibling pair group and unrelated individual pair group were in accord with normal distribution. The established Fisher discriminant functions for each group were ZFS= 3.269 70 S15-31.511 74 and ZUI=1.700 58 S15-8.524 11, respectively. The average error of probability in sibling and unrelated pair group was 0.029 8. There was no statistically significant difference on the power of full sibling discriminant between the method based on the number of allele shared among the 15 STR loci or the CODIS 13 STR loci and the ITO method. Conclusion The method based on the number of allele shared among the 15 STR loci in full sibling identification is convenient, credible, easy to handling and unaffected by the allele frequency of STR loci. Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Method for Calculating Paternity Index Lü DE-JIAN;LU HUI-LING (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC BIOLOGY;ZHONGSHAN MEDICAL COLLEGE OF SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY;GUANGZHOU 00;CHINA) 2009, 0(4): 271-273.  Abstract ( 2129 )   Objective To introduce a new method for calculating the paternity index(PI). Methods Assuming that each allele from parents has undergone a transition before it segregates and transmits to child. The transition probability is 1 when parent allele is the same as child′s, the transition probability is 0 when parent allele is different from the child′s. Every allele has a transmission probability with 0.5. Base on these theories, it is easy to gain the probability that child inherits an allele from the alleged father or mother. Thus, the X value(numerator) and Y value(denominator) of PI formula can be calculated, as unknown man provide an allele for child with the allele frequency. Results A general formula that calculated the PI for trios, duos and missing child cases was deduced. Conclusion The new method is practical in all kinds of forensic paternity case. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 90 Autopsy Cases in Medical Legal Dispute YU LIN-SHENG;YE GUANG-HUA;YI JI-PU;ZHANG YI-GU (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;WENZHOU MEDICAL COLLEGE;WENZHOU 0;CHINA) 2009, 0(4): 274-275.  Abstract ( 2043 )   Objective To analyze the significance of forensic autopsy in medical tangle. Methods Ninety autopsy cases of medical legal dispute were retrospectively analyzed from the database of our department from 2001 to 2008. All cases were analyzed and classified based on age, sex, cause of death, clinic diagnosis and forensic diagnosis. Results The age ranged from 1 day to 72 years, and the ratios of male to female is 1∶1. The most common healthcare facilities involved were county hospitals(30 cases, 33.33%). The coincidence rate between clinical diagnoses and pathological diagnoses was 33.33% . Conclusion The forensic autopsy is valuable to solve or even avoid the occurrence of medical legal dispute. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 574 cases of High-Fall Death MAO SHI-WEI;LIU XI-JIE;SU CHANG-PEI;ZHANG MIN;MU ZHI-QIANG;XU XIAO-LONG;WANG ZHEN-YUAN (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE;XI′AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY;XI′AN 00;CHINA;. JINGZHOU PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;JINGZHOU 000 2009, 0(4): 276-278.  Abstract ( 1720 )   Objective To establish a database of high-fall death cases for future forensic study and prac- tice, based on the scene investigation, injury characteristics and other informations. Methods Five hundred and four cases of high-fall death from 5 provinces and cities were included in the study. Data including personal information of the deceased, scene investigation, autopsy findings, history of mental illness and the results of toxicology were collected and analyzed. Results The male accidental death rate was significantly higher than that of female. No case of suicide was found in the 0-10 age group, while the suicide rate was apparently higher in the 60 years or over age group than that of accident. Most of the accident cases occurred at workplace, with head landing first and foot or lower-extremity landing first observed from height below 10 m and between 10-25 m, respectively. Conclusion The majority of cases have obvious conclusions. A substantial set of the cases, however, is still difficult to determine the mechanism of injury and the manner of death. So further study should be performed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective study on Forty Cases of Medical Legal Dispute XU DAI-HUA;HU LING;XIONG XIAN-WEI (GUANGDONG NANTIAN EXPERT TESTIMONY INSTITUTE;SHENZHEN 0;CHINA) 2009, 0(4): 279-281.  Abstract ( 1960 )   Objective To analyze the main causes of medical dispute and the main types of medical malpractice. The related problems were discussed in forensic expertise. Methods Forty cases of medical dispute from 2006 to 2008 in our institute were analyzed retrospectively. Results In 40 cases of medical dispute, citylevel hospitals, county-level hospitals, town-level hospitals and private clinics were 11(27.5%), 24(60.0%), 2(5.0%) and 3(7.5%) cases respectively. The internal medicine departments, surgical departments, gynaecological and obstetric departments, pediatric departments and outpatient center were 16(40.0%),10(25.0%), 9(22.5%), 2(5.0%) and 3(7.5%) cases, respectively. The amount of cases from city-level hospitals, county-level hospitals diagnosed by the medical experts as the medical malpractice showed less than that from town-level hospitals and private clinics. Conclusion The amount of cases of medical dispute from citylevel and county-level hospitals were more than that of town-level hospitals. But the amount of cases diagnosed by the medical experts as medical malpractice from city-level and county-level hospitals were less than that of town-level hospital and private clinics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and Evaluation of Animal Model with Methamphetamine Poisoning XU JING;ZHOU XIAO-LI;ZHANG HAO;DENG CHONG;ZHANG YAN;LI ZHEN (. SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;KUNMING MEDICAL COLLEGE;KUNMING 00;CHINA;. CHINESE PEOPLE′S LIBERATION ARMY HOSPITAL 0;YANTAI 00;CHINA;. JINGGU PUBLIC SECURITY TRA 2009, 0(4): 282-285.  Abstract ( 1862 )   Amphetamine-type stimulants(ATS) is the most widespread narcotics in the 21st century. The methamphetamine′s intoxication mechanism, psychological dependence, drug resistance and therapeutic drug development are the hot spots in current research. Establishment of animal model with methamphetamine poisoning is the basic for the relative studies, the normalization and standardization of the animal model settles the foundation for methamphetamine′s further research. This article reviews the animal model of methamphetamine poisoning in China and abroad, the brief history of the acute, subacute and chronic animal model of methamphetamine poisoning, as well as the principles and methods of the animal model establishment and its evaluation criteria. The necessity, significance and its scientific expansion of performing experimental research on the methamphetamine poisoning animal model are also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Computed Tomography(CT) in Postmortem Examination ZHENG JIAN;LIU NING-GUO;CHEN YI-JIU (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANGHAI MEDICAL COLLEGE;FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 000;. SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SH 2009, 0(4): 286-289.  Abstract ( 1846 )   Since first application of computed tomography(CT) in postmortem examination in 1990, investigators have been discussing the value and advantage of CT in full-body examination in cadaver. CT examination before autopsy is able to provide not only the informations to guide the autopsy, but also the significant findings to analysis the causes of death, which may be not fount in autopsy. This review focuses on the value of CT in analysis of the death causes, injury manners, and personal identifications in postmortem examination as well as its development in the field of forensic medicine. It is our belief that CT in combination with other newly developed technologies will make more contribution to forensic medicine in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Perspective of DNA Methylation in Forensic Genetics and New Progress of Its Detection Methods ZHAO SHU-MIN;LI CHENG-TAO (SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R. CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2009, 0(4): 290-295.  Abstract ( 1986 )   As an important epigenetic marker, DNA methylation has exhibited a valuable perspective in the fields of forensic genetics, especially in cases of paternity identification in duos and discrimination of monozygotic twins, which may be a useful complement to the classic genetics markers, such as short tandem repeats, single nucleotide polymorphism. Various methods for DNA methylation detection have been developed and validated based on methylation sensitive restriction endonuclease, bisulfite modification or methylation-CpG binding domain protein. Methylation-sensitive single nucleotide primer extension, realtime PCR, methylation-specific PCR, methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and the Illumina′s Human Methylation 27 have been all applicable for analyzing identified CpG loci or short sequences, and can be effectively used in forensic laboratory. However, Amplification of Inter-Methylated Sites(AIMS), HpaⅡ tiny fragment Enrichment by Ligation-mediated PCR(HELP) or Combination of Methylated-DNA Precipitation and Methylation-Sensitive Restriction Enzymes(COMPARE-MS) are useful in genome wide methylation scanning to find new CpG loci which may be valuable in forensic fields. Related Articles | Metrics