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Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 after Brain Contusion in Rats GUO XIAO-CHONG;LI RU-BO;LIANG HONG-XIA;WANG FU-YUAN;WU XU (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY;SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA;. KEY LAB OF LABORATORY TRANSGENIC ANIMAL OF LIAONING PROVINCE;DEPA 2009, 0(1): 1-5.  Abstract ( 2096 )   Objective To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 after brain contusion and its applicability for estimating the age of brain contusion. Methods Rats had been divided into three groups: control group, sham operation group and brain contusion group. The expression of matrix metallo- proteinase-3 at different time was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results By the immunohistochemistry, no staining was observed in control and sham operation groups. The positive stain- ing of MMP-3 appeared 6 hours after contusion, increased gradually in 24 hours and peaked 5 days after contusion, then started to decrease, 14 days after contusion still could be observed. By the Western blot analysis, no expression of MMP-3 was detected in control and sham groups. The positive staining of MMP-3 appeared 6 hours after contusion, increased gradually and maximized 5 days after contusion, then started to decrease, 14 days after contusion still could be found. Conclusion Time-order expression of MMP-3 could be used for estimating the age of brain contusion in forensic pathology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Curcumin on Malondialdehyde and c-fos Protein in Hypoxia Ischemia Brain Tissue in Rats ZHENG YUAN-YUAN;YU LIN-SHENG;ZHANG YI-GU;YE GUANG-HUA;YI JI-PU (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;WENZHOU MEDICAL COLLEGE;WENZHOU 0;CHINA) 2009, 0(1): 6-8.  Abstract ( 1974 )   Objective To explore the effects of curcumin on the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the expression level of c-fos protein following hypoxia ischemia brain damage(HIBD) in rats. Methods Sprague- Dauley(SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups as the following: sham group, hypoxia ischemia brain damage group, curcumin group and solvent control group. The content of MDA in the brain was measured by colorimetry. The expression level of c-fos protein in the cortex tissue was detected by im- munohistochemistry. Morphologic and structural changes of neuron cells of the cortex were observed by electron microscopy. Results The content of MDA was clearly lower in curcumin group than that in the other groups at the same time after HIBD. The expression level of c-fos protein was higher in the cur- cumin group than that in the other groups (P<0.05). Electron microscopy showed that the morphologic and structural changes of neuron cells of cortex in the curcumin group were reduced. Conclusion Cur- cumin could significantly decrease the content of MDA, increase the expression level of c-fos protein and reduce the damage of the neuron cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Death Caused by Postpartum Hemorrhage HE XIAO-YAN;HUANG FEI-JUN;GONG DAO-YIN;ZHANG CEN-CEN;WANG DONG (. WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA;. HI-TECH DISTRICT BRANCH BUREAU;CHENGDU PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;CHENGDU 00 2009, 0(1): 9-11.  Abstract ( 1734 )   Objective To analyze the pathological characteristics and the death reasons due to postpartum hemorrhage, and to help to deal with the obstetrical medical tangles. Methods Thirty-two cases of death caused by postpartum hemorrhage encountered in our department since 1995 had been collected and ret- rospectively analyzed. Results Death caused by postpartum hemorrhage could be divided into single factor and multi-factor, with 81.25% due to single factor, 12.50% multi-factor, and 6.25% unknown reason. The single factors included uterine atony, retained placenta, placenta increta, laceration of the lower genital tract, and coagulation defects. The multi-factor included a combination of two or more factors mentioned above. Conclusion The causes of death due to postpartum hemorrhage should be analyzed according to the clinical characteristics of the postpartum hemorrhage and the autopsy examination. Related Articles | Metrics

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Histopathological Characterization of Drug-Related Death ZHAO YING-HAI;LUO BO-TAO;JIANG HAN-GUO;CHEN XIAO-YI (DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY;GUANGDONG MEDICAL COLLEGE;ZHANJIANG 0;CHINA) 2009, 0(1): 12-14+1.  Abstract ( 1934 )   Objective To study the histopathological changes in drug-related death cases in order to pro- vide valuable information for its diagnosis. Methods Thirty cases of drug-related death were collected for systemic autopsy and histopathology examination. Ante mortem history and other informations of each case were also reviewed and analyzed. Results Injection marks, emaciation, asphyxia and histopathological changes in critical organs and tissues correlated with addiction behavior. In the 30 cases, 20% died of diseases, 33.3% acute drug intoxication, 26.7% quitting drug, l0% sudden death, and l0% outside vio- lence. Conclusion Systemic autopsy and histopathology examination in drug-related death are useful for determination of the cause of death in these cases. Related Articles | Metrics

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The PRVEPs Evoked by Different Fields Stimulation LI YU-FEI;LIU JI-HUI;CHEN XIAO-LEI;XU JING-TAO;(. SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA CRIMINAL POLICE COLLEGE;SHENYANG 00;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF FORE 2009, 0(1): 15-18.  Abstract ( 1676 )   Objective To study the character of the PRVEPs evoked by different stimulation fields in nor- mal-vision subjects and its value in forensic medicine. Methods The PRVEPs were evoked by full-field, central-field and peripheral-field respectively in 30 subjects (60 eyes) and the latency and amplitude of N1 and P1 were analyzed. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the latency and am- plitude of PRVEPs between right and left eyes. The appearance probability of all the waves was 100% at the different stimulations but that of N1 was 36.77% at the central-field. There was statistically significant difference in the latency of N1 at the full field and peripheral field stimulations and there was no statisti- cally significant difference in the amplitude. There was statistically significant difference in the latency and amplitude of P1 at the full field, central field and peripheral field stimulation. Conclusion The PRVEPs evoked by different field stimulations can be used to evaluate the functions of the different area retina and can be used to identify the exaggerated or pretended visual dysfunction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Auditory P300 in the Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury CUI YONG;LIU FAN;ZHANG XIN-YUAN;TANG PENG;LIU PENG;ZHANG BIAO;LIU JI-HUI (. DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE;SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA;. COLLEGE OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCE;LIAON 2009, 0(1): 19-23.  Abstract ( 1917 )   Objective To assess the cognitive dysfunction in patients with the traumatic brain injury(TBI) by auditory P300. Methods Auditory P300 was recorded in the normal subjects and patients with TBI at the active(foot pedal) and passive task. Results In healthy persons, N2 and P3 in active task state showed higher amplitude than that in passive task state, and no significant prolongation of the latency. The ampli- tude of N1 and P2 at Cz was higher than that at Pz. In passive task state, N2 and P3 showed higher amplitude and longer latency in the patients than that in the healthy persons. N2 and P3 of the patients in the active task showed higher amplitude and longer latency than that in the passive task. Obvious change of P3 latency was observed in the patients with attention disorder. Conclusion The type of task mainly affect the amplitude of N2 and P3. The latency of N2 and P3 in passive task can be used as an indication for evaluating cognitive function in patients with diffuse brain injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Civil Competence Assessment of the Mental Disorders Involved in Compensation of Personal Injury PANG YAN-XIA;ZHANG QIN-TING;CAI WEI-XIONG;HUANG FU-YIN;TANG TAO;WU JIA-SHENG;WANG JIAN-JUN;DONG RI-XIA;(. MEDICAL COLLEGE OF SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU 00;CHINA;. SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENS 2009, 0(1): 24-26+3.  Abstract ( 1822 )   Objective To seek and ascertain indicators that can be used in the civil competence assess- ment of the mental disorders involved in compensation of personal injury. Methods A retrospective study was made on the data related to the interviewee′s mental status assessed by forensic experts during the period from 2003 to 2005 in Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, P.R.China. The 6 indica- tors, including awareness of situation, factual understanding of issues, appreciation of likely consequences, rational manipulation of information, functioning in one′s own environment, and communication of choice, were graded and statistically analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software. Results The 6 indicators correlated well with the assessment of forensic experts ,with the related coefficient between 0.632 and 0.876, and the in- ter-related coefficient among the 6 indicators between 0.575 and 0.911. Conclusion The 6 indicators could be used for the civil competence assessment and may also be taken as the basis for further stan- dardization and quantification of civil competence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment Time on Mental Disability Due to Brain Damage TANG TAO;ZHANG QIN-TING;CAI WEI-XIONG;LU XIAO;HUANG FU-YIN;WU JIA-SHEN;WANG JIAN-JUN (SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R. CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2009, 0(1): 27-32.  Abstract ( 2257 )   Objective To determine the best time for assessing mental disability due to brain damage. Methods Ninety-three mental disabilities due to brain damage in traffic accidents were assessed and their follow-up studies were taken in different period after the brain injury: 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months. The patients′ brain imaging, electroencephalogram (EEG) and detailed medical history were collected. Then to interview the patients′ family members and to assess the patients′ mental conditions with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(WAIS), Social Disability Screening Schedule(SDSS), and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL). Diagnosis and disability assessments were based on all of the above infor- mation. Results ADL and SDSS had good distinction between different levels of disability and different time. The overall sample demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference between pa- tients′ ADL and SDSS averages in 9 and 12 months. For mild disability, there was no statistically signifi- cant difference between ADL and SDSS averages in 6, 9 and 12 months. For moderate disability, there was no statistically significant difference between ADL and SDSS in 9 and 12 months. And there was no statistically significant difference between ADL and SDSS averages in 6, 9 and 12 months for severe dis- ability. Conclusion For mild disability, it is recommended to assess the mental disability 6 months after the injury, for moderate disability, it is 9 months. The statistics data recommended that the best assess- ment time for severe disability is 6 months after injury. However, our comprehensive analysis concludes that the suitable time is 9 months after injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Degradation of Housekeeping mRNA in Dead Rats by Real-time RT-PCR REN GUANG-MU;LIU JI;WANG YING-YUAN (. SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANXI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;TAIYUAN 0000;CHINA;. TRAFFIC POLICE OF GUANGZHOU PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;GUANGZHOU 00;CHINA) 2009, 0(1): 33-36.  Abstract ( 2205 )   Objective To explore the feasibility of real-time RT-PCR of housekeeping mRNA degradation in dead rats in order to seek new suitable techniques for post-mortem interval(PMI). Methods The levels of GAPDH mRNA and β-actin mRNA in the brain and spleen of the rats were measured at different times after death by the SYBR Green Ⅰ real-time RT-PCR. The relative mRNA level was indicated with the Ct value, then the relationship between the Ct value and PMI were analyzed and the corresponding regression equation was obtained. Results The Ct values of GAPDH mRNA and β-actin mRNA by SYBR Green Ⅰreal time RT-PCR correlated well with the PMI. Conclusion The SYBR Green Ⅰreal-time RT- PCR is a reliable technique for studying mRNA degradation. Adoption of the housekeeping genes elimi- nates systematical errors of other genes which have individual difference. As an objective and dynamic indication, Ct value has a good correlation with PMI, and could be applied for estimating PMI, especially in late period. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Cr, Cd, As, Tl and Pb in Blood by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry MA DONG;SHEN MIN;ZHUO XIAN-YI;YAN HUI;XIANG PING;LIU WEI (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANGHAI MEDICAL COLLEGE;FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE; 2009, 0(1): 37-39.  Abstract ( 1877 )   Objective To establish an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) method for determination of Cr, Cd, As, Tl and Pb in blood. Methods The samples were digested by microwave di- gestion instrument. ICP-MS was applied to determine Cr, Cd, As, Tl and Pb in blood by using 115In as an internal standard. Results The limits of detection were in the range of 0.000 01-0.002 49 μg/L. The accu- racy of the method ranged from 90.1% to 110.7% and the precision ranged from 4.0% to 7.9%. Conclusion The method is accurate and rapid with superior sensitivity and linear range. It could be used in the poisoning cases caused by Cr, Cd, As, Tl and Pb. Related Articles | Metrics

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Improved Nitric Acid Digestion Method for Detecting Diatom in Autopsy Tissue YANG YING-FENG;CHENG CHONG;WANG ZHENG;LIN YUAN-YI;LIN FENG;MA XIAO-FENG;CHEN HUANG (. PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU OF QUANZHOU;QUANZHOU 000;CHINA;. LICHENG BRANCH OF QUANZHOU PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;QUANZHOU 000;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF 2009, 0(1): 40-41.  Abstract ( 1782 )   Objective To investigate the advantages of nitric acid digestion method and its differences with the traditional method. Methods Ethanol was used to fully fix the testing sample. About 80-100 g of the testing samples were cut into pieces and digested with nitric acid. It was then centrifuged and washed to remove organic components. Smears were prepared and examined under the light microscope. Results The diatom had been identified with clear striations, counted conveniently and classified easily. Conclusion The improved nitric acid digestion method is not only simple with a higher successful rate of detection, but also can prevent interference from contamination. It can improve the stability of the experimental re- sults, avoid harm to human and environment, and provide higher safety in the course of experiment. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Three Methods Combined for Extracting DNA from Human Epithelium GUO YAN-XIA;CHEN SONG;LIU KAI-HUI (FORENSIC SCIENCE INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC SECURITY MINISTRY;BEIJING 000;CHINA) 2009, 0(1): 42-43.  Abstract ( 2270 )   Objective To improve DNA extraction from human epithelium. Methods Chelex-100, Chelex-100 organic combined and Chelex-100 magnetism pearl combined methods were adopted according to the situation of each case. Results With the stepwise extracting protocol, the trace amount of DNA was ana-lyzed most efficiently and the success rate of DNA extracting was better improved. Conclusion The effi- ciency of DNA extraction from human epithelium could be greatly improved by modifying the extracting protocol such as purification and concentration based on previous results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Studies of Postmortem Interval Estimation by the Levels of Chemical Components in Human Vitreous Humor after Death CHEN YAO-QING;CAI JI-FENG;WEN JI-FANG (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SCHOOL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES;CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY;CHANG- SHA 00;CHINA;. HUNAN PUBLIC SECURITY OF COLLEGE;CHANGSHA 000;CHINA) 2009, 0(1): 53-56.  Abstract ( 2140 )   Estimation of postmortem interval(PMI) is one of the problems that need to be solved for forensic examination of the dead body. Accurate estimation of PMI has great values to criminal investigation and trial. The levels of chemical components in human vitreous humor are changed with time after death, which can help estimate the PMI. The levels of certain chemical components, such as potassium, magne- sium, ammonia, urea, creatinine, uric acid, hypoxanthine, lactic acid and so on, in human vitreous humor will gradually increase with time after death, while others such as calcium, sodium, enzymes, glucose, vi- tamin C and so on will decrease. The updates and advances in those studies were reviewed in this article. Related Articles | Metrics

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Noncompaction of Ventricular Myocardium and Its Medicolegal Evaluation YANG FAN;ZHOU LAN;ANANDA SUNNASSEE;LIU LIANG;(. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE;HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECH- NOLOGY;WUHAN 000;CHINA;. KEY LABORATORY OF EVIDENCE SCIENCE;CHINA UNIVERSITY OF POLITICAL S 2009, 0(1): 57-60.  Abstract ( 1680 )   Noncompaction of ventricular myocardium(NVM) is a rare cardiomyopathy. For the past few years, there have been more clinical reports and related scientific researches on NVM. It is one of the hottest topics in the field of clinical cardiovascular science. NVM is rare, but usually leads to fatal re- sults, such as sudden unexpected death. Most forensic medical examiners in China have not recognized the importance of this disease. There are no good forensic pathological methods yet to identify this dis- ease. Furthermore, NVM is easily to be confused with other types of heart diseases. As a result, we should be very careful about NVM, and understand the importance of making right diagnosis of NVM. This review focuses on NVM′s pathological features, clinical diagnostic methods, and differential diagnosis from other cardiac disease. The key points on how to make right forensic pathological diagnosis of NVM have also been summarized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Individual Identification of Burned Bones LIU HAI-DONG;REN FU;XING RUI-XIAN;PEI LIN-GUO (RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ANTHROPOLOGY;LIAONING MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;JINZHOU 000;CHINA) 2009, 0(1): 61-62.  Abstract ( 2008 )   The burned bone DNA test have became more and more important in identifying the individu- als and paternity involved in the fire, explosion disasters as well as burn corpse crimes. As an important genetic marker system, STR has been widely used in forensic individual identification, paternity test and other fields. In this article, the influence of burned temperature and time to STR typing was reviewed, the choice of STR locus and DNA extraction methods were discussed about burned bones. Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection and Application of Ethyl Glucuronide in Forensic Toxicology ZHAO HUI;;ZHUO XIAN-YI;SHEN BAO-HUA (. SHANGHAI MEDICAL COLLEGE OF FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUT OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2009, 0(1): 63-67.  Abstract ( 3023 )   Ethyl glucuronide is a specific metabolite of ethanol. There have been plenty of articles refer- ring its pharmacokinetics, detection and application as a specific bio-marker of alcohol intake. This article reviews various analytical methods of EtG, relationship between EtG quantification and ethanol intake, and criteria for determining chronic alcohol abuse, and origin of ethanol found in the cadavers by EtG analysis. EtG has its potential application in forensic toxicology. Related Articles | Metrics