Journal of Forensic Medicine

Microbial ATP in Rat Muscle Tissue and Its Application for the Estimation of Postmortem Interval

LIU QIAN;WENG YI-XING;YANG FAN;ZHENG NA;LIU LIANG;(. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE;HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;WUHAN 000;CHINA;. PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU OF FUZHOU;FUZHOU 00;CHINA;. KEY

2009, 0(2): 81-84.

Abstract ( 1897 )

Objective To study the relationship between the changes of microbial ATP in rat muscle tissue and the postmortem interval(PMI). Methods Healthy SD rats were sacrificed and their muscles were sampled at different postmortem intervals. The concentration of microbial ATP was detected using bioluminescent assay and the data was statistically analyzed. Results The content of microbial ATP in rat muscle tissue increased along with PMI extension and peaked on postmortem day 7, thereafter decreased gradually, but increased slight- ly on postmortem day 10 once again. The PMI correlated best with the content of microbial ATP in rat muscle tissue within 9 days. If the PMI was the independent variable, the cubic polynomial regression equa- tion was y=0.020 x3-0.166 x2-0.666 x+13.412(r2=0.989, P<0.01). Conclusion Changes of microbial ATP content in rat muscle tissue may be used for estimation of PMI. Since this assay requires only small amount of tissue with much less influence by self-decomposition, it may broaden the time range of PMI estimation.

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Changes of Aquaporins 1 Expression in the Contused Lung of Rats

YUAN JUN;CHEN YANG;CHENG LI-BAO (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY;WANNAN MEDICAL COLLEGE;WUHU 00;CHINA)

2009, 0(2): 85-87.

Abstract ( 2070 )

Objective To investigate the expression changes of aquaporins 1(AQP1) in contused lung tissue of rats and its relationship with pulmonary edema. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The pulmonary contusion models were then prepared. The expression and distribution of AQP1 in lung tissue of the rats were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The lung tissue showed edema, hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration 1 h, 3 h after pulmonary contusion, and the inflammatory response aggravated after 5 h. AQP1 expression at 1 h, 3 h and 5 h in the contusion group were significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01). The expression of AQP1 continued to increase with time and aggravation of edema compared to the control group. AQP1 was mainly distributed in the capillary endothelial cells and interstitial cells of the bronchial and alveolar walls. Although there were no observed changes in AQP1 expression location in contused lung tissue, the intergrated optical density(IOD) showed significant statistical difference(P<0.01). Conclusion There might exist an dysregulation of AQPs gene expression in contused lung tissue, leading to a large number of abnormal transmembrane water transportation and abnormal water accumulation, which may be one of the reasons for pulmonary edema in contused lung tissue.

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Establishment of the Sweep Pattern Visual Evoked Potential System and Its Application

LI XIAO-PENG;ZHANG CHEN;HU JUN;WU JUN;ZHU YAN-MIAO;LI HAI-SHENG (. SHANGHAI HUAYI FORENSIC JUDICAL APPRAISAL INSTITUTE;SHANGHAI 0000;. SHANGHAI MEDICAL ASSOCIATION;SHANGHAI 0000;. OPHTHALMOLOGY DEPARTMENT;SHANGHAI BAOSHAN CENTER HOS

2009, 0(2): 88-91.

Abstract ( 1876 )

Objective To establish an acuity inspection system with sweep pattern visual evoked potential (SPVEP) so as to provide the evidence for acuity objective inspection. Methods Based on the domestic sweep pattern visual evoked apparatus, sections of hardware were reformed and a manipulation program possessing false random control software was compiled. The SPVEP acuity for the 78 eyes(10 normal eyes, 10 ametropia eyes, 48 prevalence eyes, 10 false ametropia eyes) was estimated with our acuity objective inspection system, then compared with the E visual acuity of those eyes by statistical procedure. Results There was a close correlation between the SPVEP acuity and E visual acuity for 78 eyes (r2=0.946). Conclusion SPVEP acuity inspection system can be applied to estimate objective acuity.

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Image of the Traumatic Optic Atrophy Detected with Optical Coherence Tomography and the Vision Function Defection

LIU YI-CHANG;XIA WEN-TAO;ZHU GUANG-YOU;LIU RUI-JUE;LIU HUI;CHEN JIE-MIN;(. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU;CHINA;. SHANG- HAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORE

2009, 0(2): 92-94.

Abstract ( 1897 )

Objective To analyze the unilateral image of the traumatic optic nerve atrophy using optical coherence tomography(OCT) and to explore the relationship between the optic nerve atrophy and visual acuity or visual field. Methods Fifteen cases with traumatic optic nerve atrophy were studied. All cases were tested by routine opthalmological examination, visual evoked potentials(VEP) and optic disc examination with OCT. In cases with visual acuity more than 0.1 the visual field was tested. Results All cases had visual acuity and visual field defect at various levels and optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) atrophy. Conclusion The traumatic optic atrophy begins in the temporal area of optic disc. The nasal area′s atrophy occurs at the last and is the mildest. The more serious is the optic nerve atrophy, the worse is the vision function impairment. OCT is a valuable technique for evaluating the optic nerve atrophy and has good correlation with the visual function.

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Civil Competence Assessment of the Mental Disorders Involved in Contract Dispute

ZHANG QIN-TING;PANG YAN-XIA;CAI WEI-XIONG;TANG TAO;WANG JIAN-JUN (. SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICA

2009, 0(2): 95-97+1.

Abstract ( 1709 )

Objective To search the criteria for evaluating the civil competence of the mental disorders involved in contract dispute. Methods Data on the interviewee′s mental status and the forensic expertise were collected retrospectively. And 6 indexes were selected and graded: awareness of situation, factual understanding of issues, appreciation of likely consequences, rational manipulation of information, functioning in one′s own environment and communication of choice. All of the data were analyzed by SPSS. Results Fifty six cases were included and interviewee′s civil competence was graded to three levels: full civil competence, diminished civil competence, and no civil competence. These cases included two types of contract: the real estate related contract(38 cases)and the labor related contract(14 cases). All of the 6 indexes were well correlated to the forensic expertise. The related coefficient was from 0.703 to 0.834, and the interrelated coefficient of the 6 items was also high, from 0.712 to 0.877. Conclusion It is feasible to divide the civil competence of the mental disorders into three grades. As the basis, these 6 indexes mentioned above are representative and can be applied in further standardized and quantified assessment of civil competence.

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Analysis of Personality Traits on Felons

LIU YUN-FU;GENG DE-QIN;SONG SHENG-ZUN;XU JIAN;(. GUIDING CENTRE FOR PRISONERS′ MENTAL HEALTH;XUZHOU PRISON;XUZHOU 00;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY & PSYCHIATRY;XUZHOU MEDICAL COLLEGE;XUZHOU 00;CHINA;. CRIMINOLOGY RESEARCH D

2009, 0(2): 98-101.

Abstract ( 2029 )

Objective To study the personality traits of felons and their relevant factors, and to recommend for criminal psychological correction and crime prevention. Methods Using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) to test felons in initial and middle stage of sentence serving. Results The differences of MMPI factors between felon group and normal group were statistically significant(P<0.001). The felon group′s raw scores in F, Pd, Pa, Pt and Sc factors were significantly higher than those of the normal group. The felons whose T score of Pd was higher than that of the normal group by one standard deviation had the largest proportion. In subscales of F, Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc and Ma, the proportion of people whose T score higher than the normal was relatively large. The supernormal proportion in the twopoint code type was large. Conclusion Felon group is a special group with high-risk personality disorder. It is important to take more correctional research on them.

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The Polymorphism of Ten STR loci in Chinese Han Population in Chengdu

LUO HAO;YAN JING;ZHANG LIN;LIAO MIAO;LI YING-BI;HOU YI-PING;WU JIN (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC BIOLOGY;WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNI- VERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA)

2009, 0(2): 102-105.

Abstract ( 2086 )

Objective To obtain data of polymorphism distribution of 10 short tandem repeat (STR) loci D1S2145, D3S2433, D5S1507, D5S2502, D8S2319, D9S926, D16S767, D17S2181, GATA140E03, GA- TA196B10 in Chinese Han population in Chengdu and to evaluate their usefulness in the field of forensic science and their species specificity. Methods DNA of 100 unrelated individuals of Chengdu Han population was extracted with Chelex method, amplified by PCR, then typed with silver staining after polyacry- lamide gel electropho-resis(PAGE). Ten different animals were selected as the controls in this study for evaluating the species specificity of the ten STR loci. Results In the ten STR loci of Chengdu Han population, 6, 5, 8, 5, 6, 7, 7, 5, 7 and 7 alleles were found, respectively. 17, 14, 28, 15, 16, 18, 15, 14, 19 and 21 genotypes were observed in the ten loci, respectively. The allele and genotype frequency distributions of the ten loci were detected no deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg law of equilibrium. By comparison with the data from 10 different animals, the species specificity of D3S2433, D5S1507, D5S2502, D8S2319 and GATA196B10 was good, but part of animals had amplification product at typing field of the other loci. Conclusion The 10 STR loci mentioned above are highly polymorphic and can be used in the forensic personal identification and paternity testing.

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Construction of Standard Allelic Ladder of miniSTR Loci by Molecular Cloning

BAI XUE;CONG BIN;LI SHU-JIN;HOU ZHI-PING;GU JIAN-LI;LIU NING;LI XIA;GUO XIA (HEBEI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;HEBEI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHIJIAZHUANG 000;CHINA)

2009, 0(2): 106-108.

Abstract ( 2093 )

Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphism of five miniSTR loci (D9S2157, D9S1122, D10S1435, D12ATA63, D2S1776) in Hebei Han population and to construct standard allelic ladders. Methods Polymorphism of the five miniSTR loci in 120 unrelated individuals was analyzed by fluorescence PCR and ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer. Molecular cloning technique was employed to construct standard allelic ladder of the 5 loci. Results Of the five miniSTR loci, 8, 8, 7, 5 and 8 alleles were found, respectively. The polymorphism information component were 0.790, 0.720, 0.750, 0.630 and 0.850, respectively. Conclusion The five loci have relatively abundant polymorphic information and their standard allelic ladders constructed by molecular cloning technique are useful in forensic science.

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Comparing and Evaluating Six Methods of Extracting Human Genomic DNA from Whole Blood

CHANG JING-JING;ZHANG SU-HUA;LI LI (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANGHAI MEDICAL COLLEGE;FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 000;CHI- NA;. SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.

2009, 0(2): 109-111+.

Abstract ( 1943 )

Objective Comparing the differences in purity and yield among six methods of extracting human genomic DNA from whole blood, which included Classic Phenol-chloroform extraction, modified combined technique composed of improved Phenol-chloroform extraction and Chelex-100 extraction, Chelex-100 extraction, IQ, Qiagen and SP. Methods Ten samples of intravenous whole blood(5 mL/sample) were collected and human genomic DNA was extracted with these six methods. The purity and concentration of the DNA products were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and fluorescent quantitation technique, the yield was calculated and tested with statistical software. Results The Chelex-100 extraction was inferior in DNA purity to other methods while the other five methods showed no statistical difference. Modified combined technique was the poorest and IQ was the best in yield among the six methods of extraction. Statistical result showed that the extraction with high quality kits was better than that with classic Phenol-chloroform extraction, Chelex-100 extraction and modified combined technique composed of improved Phenol-chloroform. There was statistical difference between them. Conclusion Comparing to Phenol-chloroform extraction and Chelex-100 extraction, high quality kits are more useful in DNA extraction from forensic materials.

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Polymorphism of D10S1248, D2S441, D1S1677 in Hunan Han Population

LI XIA;CONG BIN;LI SHU-JIN;BAI XUE;XU LI;HOU ZHI-PING;GUO XIA (HEBEI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;HEBEI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHIJIAZHUANG 000;CHINA)

2009, 0(2): 112-114.

Abstract ( 2062 )

Objective To establish a multiplex set including D10S1248, D2S441, D1S1677 and to investigate the genetic polymorphism of the three miniSTR in Hunan Han population. Methods Three miniSTR loci of 186 unrelated individuals were amplified with different multiplex fluorescence-labeled primers. The amplified products were analyzed by ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer to identify genotype. Results Each locus was successfully genotyped. Among the 186 individuals investigated, 9, 7 and 7 alleles, as well as 21, 19 and 15 genotypes were detected at D10S1248, D2S441and D1S1677, respectively. No significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed. The excluding probability of paternity and the discrimination power were 0.465, 0.491 and 0.361, as well as 0.886, 0.899 and 0.818 for D10S1248, D2S441 and D1S1677, respectively. Conclusion The miniSTR multiplex set can benefit forensic analysis of degraded samples. It has shown good polymorphism in Hunan Han population and can be used in personal identification and paternity test.

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Genotype Validation of 12 STR Loci by Sequencing Method

LI CHENG-TAO;ZHAO ZHEN-MIN;LIU YAN;LI LI (. SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R. CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. SCHOOL OF LIFE SCIENCES;FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 00;CHIN

2009, 0(2): 115-117+.

Abstract ( 1940 )

Objective To validate the genotype of 12 STR loci by sequencing method. Methods According to the special sequence of 12 STR loci(CSF1PO, FGA, TH01, TPOX, VWA, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51 and D21S11), the relative PCR primers were designed. PCR products of control DNA(9947A) and STR mutation samples were sequenced. Results The sequencing results of both the control DNA(9947A) and STR mutation samples were consistent with their genotyping results. Conclusion The sequencing method developed are accurate and sensitive, can be used for the validation of STR genotyping results.

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Application of ITO Method and Discriminant Functions in Full Sibling and Half Sibling Identification

LU HUI-LING;ZHOU KE-WEI;L DE-JIAN;YAO YA-NAN;ZHANG YA-QING (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC BIOLOGY;ZHONGSHAN MEDICAL COLLEGE;SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY;GUANGZHOU 000;CHINA;. TRAFFIC POLICE BRIGADE;SHUNDE BRANCH OF FOSHAN PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;

2009, 0(2): 118-122.

Abstract ( 2046 )

Objective To investigate the application of ITO method and discriminant functions method in full sibling and half sibling identification. Methods Five hundred pairs of full siblings(FS), 50 pairs of half siblings(HS) and 500 pairs of unrelated individuals(UR) were genotyped by PowerPlexTM 16 system. Full sibling index(FSI), half sibling index(HSI) and the FSI∶HSI ratio were calculated with ITO method. Allelic matching of each pair of the three groups was compared. The locus numbers of no-allele sharing (x0), half-allele sharing(x1) and two-alleles sharing(x2) were calculated, respectively. The discriminant functions about full-siblings, half-siblings and unrelated individuals(UR) were established by SPSS 13.0 statistical software. Results (1) Regard FSI≥19 or FSI<1 as the standard of distinguishing full sibling from unrelated individual, the alternate correct percentage was 96.4%. Regard HSI≥19 or HSI<1 as the standard of distinguishing half sibling from unrelated individual, the alternate correct percentage was 85.3%. Regard FSI∶HSI≥1 or FSI∶HSI<1 as the standard of distinguishing full sibling from half sibling, the alternate correct percentage was 87.5%. (2) Four groups of discriminant functions were established. The alternate correct percentage of these discriminant functions were 84.4%-97.7%, with the highest one in full sibshipunrelated individual group. Conclusion Both ITO method and discriminant functions method are efficient in identification of full sibling or half sibling.

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Simultaneous Determination of Clozapine, Olanzapine and Mirtazapine in Human Plasma by LC-MS/MS

WANG XIAN-QIN;PAN XIAO-JUN;LIN GUAN-YANG;XIANG ZHENG;WANG XUE-BAO;WU JIAN-ZHANG;LIN DAN (. ANALYTICAL AND TESTING CENTER;WENZHOU MEDICAL COLLEGE;WENZHOU 0;CHINA;. SCHOOL OF PHAR- MACY;WENZHOU MEDICAL COLLEGE;WENZHOU 0;CHINA

2009, 0(2): 123-126.

Abstract ( 2069 )

Objective To develop a method for determination of clozapine, olanzapine and mirtazapine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS). Methods Clozapine, olanzapine and mirtazapine were extracted from plasma samples by using diethyl ether and separated by Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column(2.1 mm×150 mm, 5 μm). Electrospray ionization source was applied, positive ion mode was used to detect and multiple reaction monitoring mode was used to quantify clozapine, olanzapine and mirtazapine. Carbamazepine was the internal standard. Results The detection limits of clozapine, olanzapine and mirtazapine were within 0.41-0.92 ng/mL. The calibration curve in the concentration range of 10.0-2 000.0 ng/mL showed a good linear distribution (r≥0.992 4). The average extraction recoveries were within 65.7%-94.2%. Intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD were less than 6%(n=5). Conclusion This method seems to be quite specific, sensitive and accurate, and can be used to detect clozapine, olanzapine and mirtazapine in forensic and clinical analytic toxicology.

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Analysis on the Characters of Injuries in Body Surface and Deduction of Injurycausing Instruments in 146 Cases

CHEN WANG-GEN;WANG FENG (. FUJIAN ZONGZHENG FORENSIC JUDICIAL APPRAISAL INSTITUTE;FUZHOU 00;CHINA;. FORENSIC SCIENCE SPECIALTY;THE THIRD MEDICAL DEPARTMENT;WANNAN MEDICAL COLLEGE;WUHU 00;CHINA)

2009, 0(2): 127-129.

Abstract ( 2051 )

Objective To study the deduction of injury-causing instruments and its value as judicial evidence. Methods To collect 146 cases involved in injury-causing instruments deduction, which accepted by Judicial Appraisal Center of Wannan Medical College during the period from 1998 to 2007, then to deduce the instrument by analyzing the characters of injuries in body surface. The accuracy of those deductions was evaluated by comparing the deduced instruments with the actual instruments. Results The deduction from sharp injuries was more accurate than that from blunt injuries. Conclusion Sometimes the result of deduction about injury-causing instruments are uncertain, it may be accepted as judicial evidence when supported by other evidences.

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The Progress in the Study of Visual Field in Spatial Attention by Event Related Potentials

FAN GUI-HONG;YANG LI;CHEN XI-PING (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU;CHINA)

2009, 0(2): 130-132+.

Abstract ( 2044 )

Event-related potentials(ERP) is a good temporal resolution method to study the mechanism of visual field in brain. With the development of technique of high-density recording and brain imaging, the ERP is widely used in the location of the brain function. This article reviews the methods, results and primary conclusions in the field, and suggests several perspectives for the future research and application of ERP in the forensic science.

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Analysis and Application of Haplotype in Forensic Medicine

YE YI;LUO HAI-BO;HOU YI-PING (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC BIOLOGY;WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA)

2009, 0(2): 133-137.

Abstract ( 2375 )

Haplotype is a lineable combination of alleles at multiple loci that are transmitted together on chromosome or mitochondrion. In October 2002, the international HapMap project started and aimed at mapping the haplotype blocks of human being and discovering the Tag SNPs by determining the DNA sequence variation patterns, variation frequency and their relationship. This review summarizes the formation and distribution of the haplotype and the current three haplotype-analysis methods including the methodology of experiment, the deduction from pedigrees and the statistic method. When an allele linkage disequilibrium occurs, the genetic probability would be evaluated by haplotype. The importance of haplotype has been recognized and its application has been gradually increased in forensic sciences. The current focus on haplotype study in forensic science involves Chromosome Y, Mitochondrial DNA and Chromosome X, which are useful supplements of genetic marks.

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Traffic Accidents Associated with Emotional Stress after Divorce

CUI LI-JUAN;YI XU-FU;CHEN XIAO-GANG (. WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY;SUINING CENTRAL HOSPITAL;SUINING 000;CHINA)

2009, 0(2): 138-140.

Abstract ( 1988 )

In recent years, the traffic accidents increased gradually, especially those caused by the drivers′ daily emotional abnormality and in which the drivers were liable. This article reviewed the traffic accidents caused by divorced driver′s emotional abnormality, illustrated the features of those accidents from the gender, age, occupation and mileage of drivers. It was considered that the major cause of those accidents was excessive drinking due to drivers′ emotional stress. Suggestions about preventing the traffic accidents caused by emotional abnormality were put forward so as to make the corresponding rules and finally decrease the emotional abnormality traffic accidents.

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