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28 June 2007, Volume 23 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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The Expression of caspase-3 and its Cleavage and Enzymatic Activities during Incised Skin Wound Healing in Mice LU BIN;ZHAO RUI;GUAN DA-WEI;WANG JIAN;YU XIAN-QING(.SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE OF CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA;.SHENHE BRANCH OF SHENYANG PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;SHENYANG 00;CHINA;.YINGKOU PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;YI 2007, 0(3): 161-163.  Abstract ( 1724 )   Objective To study the expression of procaspase-3 and its activation as well as its enzymatic activity during healing of incised skin wound in mice. Methods The expression of procaspase-3 and its activation were studied on skin incised wound at different posttraumatic intervals in 33 tested mice and 3 control mice by colorimetric measurement of proteolytic activity and Western blotting. Results Caspase-3 activity and procaspse-3 protein levels showed continued increase with prolonged posttraumatic intervals. cleaved P17 fragment of caspase-3 was also detected by Western blotting. Conclusion Our data suggest that caspase-3 appears to play a role in cell apoptosis during the healing process of skin wound, and caspase-3 may be used as a marker for estimation of post-traumatic interval in skin wound. Related Articles | Metrics

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Examination of Rat's Skeletal Muscle Degradation with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to Estimate Postmortem Interval HUANG PING;LIU YONG;KE YONG;LU QIN-YANG;XIN BO;FAN SHUAN-LIANG;WANG ZHEN-YUAN(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;XI'AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY;XI'AN 00;CHINA;.WEIYANG BRANCH OF XI'AN PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;XI'AN 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(3): 164-166+.  Abstract ( 2048 )   Objective To study postmortem degradation in rat's skeletal muscle with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and explore a new method to estimate postmortem interval (PMI). Methods Rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the bodies were kept in a chamber set at (20±2) ℃. FTIR spectra of rat's skeletal muscle were measured at the different postmortem time points from 0 to 144 h. Results The FTIR absorbance bands at different FTIR wave length (cm-1) showed the four different type changes: increase, decrease, stable, and fluctuation. The various bands intensity ratio also demonstrated the similar changes to the relative bands intensity. Conclusion FTIR spectroscopy may be a new effective method to estimate the PMI in forensic practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Histochemical Study on the Change of Glycogen Content in Rat Gastrocnemius after Death LI BIN;TAO TAO;LI QIAN-NAN;YAN HONG-TAO;JIN JU;HUANG HONG;LIAO ZHI-GANG(.WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA;. SICHUAN HUADA JUDICAL EXPERT INSTITUTE;CHENGDU 00;CHINA;. 2007, 0(3): 167-169+.  Abstract ( 1766 )   Objective To study the relationship between the content of glycogen in gastrocnemius of rat and postmortem interval (PMI). Methods The gastronomies muscles were collected at 0,0.5,1,1.5,2,3,4,6,8,12,18 and 24 hours from rats sacrificed by bleeding, suffocating, and neck breaking, respectively. The changes of glycogen content in these muscles were analyzed by PAS staining and imaging technique. Results The content of glycogen in the rat's gastrocnermius muscle showed a continuous linear decrease in correlation with prolonged postmortem intervals. Conclusion Our data suggest that the changes of glycogen content in rat's gastrocnemius can be used as one of the references for estimation of the postmortem interval. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of the Morphological Changes and Bcl-2/Bax Expressions in Rat Retina after Optic Nerve Transection MEI ZENG-HUI;YAO FANG;DENG WEI-NIAN;LIU YU-QING;ZHANG LIN-LI;CHEN XIAO-RUI(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE;HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;WUHAN 000;CHINA;.TONGJI HOSPITAL;TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE; 2007, 0(3): 170-173+.  Abstract ( 1702 )   Objective To observe the morphological changes of retina and the alteration of Bcl-2 and Bax expression in rat retina at various intervals after optic nerve transection, and to explore the pathogensis of optic nerve injury and their usefulness in estimation of the post-injury interval. Methods Animal model of posterior intraorbital optic nerve transected rats was used. Retinal samples were collected from these rats killed at various post-injury intervals. Changes of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were observed by microscopic examination of the hemtoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides. Bcl-2 and Bax expressions in the retina were studied by immunohistochemistry and imaging analysis technique. Results The numbers of RGCs decreased significantly after optic nerve transection(ONT) with an accelerated reduction during the first 2 week after ONT and a slower reduction thereafter. Both Bcl-2 and Bax proteins showed a linear increase in their expressions levels after ONT, with Bcl-2 expression earlier than Bax expression. The levels of both Bcl-2 and Bax expressions maintained for quite a long period of time, and then started to decline. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax expressions appeared to be related to the numbers of residual RGCs. Conclusion The expressions of both Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in the rat retina alters during various post optic nerve injury intervals, and these changes in Bcl-2 and Bax expressions may be useful in estimation of optic nerve injury interval. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relation Between HIF-1α/IGF-1 Expressions and the Post Brain Injury Interval in Rats KANG DENG-FENG;LIU YANG;WANG YING-YUAN;WANG YA-FANG (SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANXI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;TAIYUAN 0000;CHINA) 2007, 0(3): 174-176+.  Abstract ( 1875 )   Objective To investigate the expressions of hypoxia induced factor-1α(HIF-1α) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) at different post brain injury intervals after cerebral contusion. Methods An experimental rat model of severe cerebral contusion was used and the expressions of HIF-1α and IGF-1 proteins at different post brain injury intervals were studied with immunohistochemistry and imaging analysis technique. Results The expressions of both the HIF-1α and IGF-1 proteins were detected in neurons and glial cells in cerebral cortex, brain stem, and hippocampus. The expression level of HIF-1α started to increase in the neural cells around the injured areas at 2 hours, reached its maximal level at 24 hours, and returned to its baseline level at 14 days after the injury. The expression level of IGF-1 protein started to increase at 6 hours, reached its maximal level at 3 days, and returned to its baseline level at 14 days after the injury. Conclusion The level changes of post injury HIF-1α and IGF-1 expressions in rats may be used for estimation of post brain contusion interval. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Expression of TLR2 and TLR4 during Incised Skin Wound Healing and Its Forensic Significance LOU XU-PENG;FENG QIONG;GONG ZHI-QIANG;XU XIAO-MING;ZHENG JIAN;LING SI-QUN(. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF NANCHANG UNIVERSITY;NANCHANG 000;CHINA;. YIWU MUNICIPAL CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION 2007, 0(3): 177-180+.  Abstract ( 1720 )   Objective To investigate the expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 during skin wound healing and to explore their applicability in estimation of wound age. Methods The expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 were determined by immunohistochemistry performed on incised skin wound of 45 mice at different posttraumatic intervals and un-incised skin from 3 mice were used as control. Results The expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 of mononuclear phagocytes (MP) in incised skin correlated well with the posttraumatic intervals. The regression equations for TLR2 and TLR4 expressions were y=23.809 9+0.957 2x-0.007 7x2+1.5×10-5x3(R2=0.872) and y=25.225 6+0.789 3x-0.005 9x2+1.0×10-5x3(R2= 0.879), respectively. Conclusion The expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in MP correlates well with the posttraumatic intervals during the healing process of incised mouse skin. The detection of TLR2 and TLR4 expressions in MP of the injured area may be a new and useful method for estimation of wound age. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Expressions of GFAP and S100 and Estimation of Post-traumatic Intervals after Severe Brain Injury in Rats HE FANG;ZHANG LING-LI;LIU ZI-LONG;WANG SHENG;MEI ZENG-HUI;LIU YU-QING(FACULTY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE;HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY;WUHAN 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(3): 181-184+.  Abstract ( 1714 )   Objective To study the expressions of GFAP and S100 in astrocytes after experimental cerebral contusion and role of astrocytes in repairing injury. Methods After established model of experimental focal cerebral contusion in rats, immunohistochemical method was applied to observe the staining changes of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100. The immunostaining results were measured quantitatively with computer imaging analysis system. Results (1) At 1h after injury, GFAP positive astrocytes around the wounded area were detected. The intensity and GFAP positive cells increased following the post-traumatic intervals and remained higher than normal at 14 d after severe brain contusion. (2) At 12 h after injury, the S100 staining cells were noted, the intensity and S100 positive cells gradually increased following the positive-traumatic intervals, reached a peak at 5 d and then decreased, but still higher than normal. Conclusion expressions of GFAP and S100 in astrocytes are correlated with post-traumatic intervals after cerebral contusion in rats, and may be useful to estimate post-traumatic intervals. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on cTnI Immunohistochemistry of Human Myocardium in Coronary Heart Disease JIA JIAN-ZHANG;ZHAO ZI-QIN;GU YUN-JU;SHEN YI-WEN;CHEN LONG (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANGHAI MEDICAL COLLEGE;FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(3): 185-187+.  Abstract ( 2132 )   Objective To investigate the signification of cTnI immunohistochemistry of human myocardium in coronary heart disease. Methods Immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to detect the changes of cTnI in the human myocardium, and to compare the sensitivity of immunohistochemistry and HE staining. Results In the group of patients died from coronary heart disease, the acute myocardial infarcted areas showed significant reduction of cTnI immunostaining and loss of the normal cross-striation; the granulation tissue showed weak positive staining; the fibrous scars showed negative staining. In the group of patients with hemorrhagic shock, the myocardium showed focal reduction of myocardial cells and loss of the pronounced normal cross-striation in subendocardial myocardium. Conclusion cTnI is sensitive in diagnosis of acute human myocardial infarction. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship Between Fibronectin EDA/EDB mRNA in Skin Fibroblast and Injury Time YU SONG;XUE AI-MIN;HE MENG;ZHAO ZI-QIN;SHEN YI-WEN;GU YUN-JU(.HUZHOU PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;HUZHOU 000;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANGHAI MEDICAL COLLEGE;FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(3): 188-190.  Abstract ( 1968 )   Objective In order to effectively estimate early injury time, The transcription of fibronectin and alternative splicing segment of fibronectin-EDA/EDB were studied. Methods The human skin fibroblast cells were cultured and incubated in serum-free medium for 24 h. The cells were injured with scratch technique. The cells were harvested at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 6 and 24 h after injuries. Total RNA was extracted and real-time RT-PCR was performed to quantify mRNAs for fibronectin, EDA and EDB. Results The mRNA level of fibronectin, EDA and EDB were increased after injury and showed a gradually increased tendency. The EDA mRNA peaked in 1h after injury, EDB mRNA 6 h, fibronectin mRNA 2 h. Conclusion FN-EDA/EDB may be used as a sensitive marker for the estimation of early injury time. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of A PC12 Cell Injury Model Induced by H_2O_2 LI ZHAO-HUI;WANG FEN;LIU SHUI-PIN;LIU YAN-YAN;JING HUAN-LAN(DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;ZHONGSHAN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE;SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY;GUANGZHOU 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(3): 191-192+.  Abstract ( 2300 )   Objective To establish an apoptosis model of PC12 cell with different concentration H2O2 and to study the mechanism of tissue ischemia and free radical injury. Methods After 12 hour treatment with different concentrations of H2O2, the viability and apoptosis of PC12 cells were determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) and flow cytomertry (FCM) methods. Results The viability of PC12 cells induced by 100 nmol/L and 300 nmol/L H2O2 was (76.00±7.69)% and (39.00±7.08)%, respectively, compared to the 0 nmol/L group (P<0.01). The apoptosis ratio in PC12 cells induced by 0 nmol/L, 100 nmol/L, and 300 nmol/L H2O2 were 2.47%, 6.00%, and 55.54%, respectively. Conclusion A PC12 cell injury model induced by different concentrations of H2O2 for the study of apoptosis was successfully established. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of CGRP in Rat's Skin and Post-traumatic Interval ZHOU JIAN-QING;WANG YONG-ZHONG;JIANG HONG-YAN;KONG JIE(.THE CRIMINAL TECHNIQUE INSTITUTE OF ZHENJIANG PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;ZHENJIANG 00;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF JIANGSU UNIVERSITY;ZHENJIANG 00;CHINA; 2007, 0(3): 193-195+.  Abstract ( 1826 )   Objective To study the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in rat's skin after injury. Methods Immunohistochemistry technique, auto-image analysis, and in situ hybridization were used to study the expression of CGRP protein and mRNA at different post-traumatic time intervals in both antemortem and postmortem groups. Results The expression of CGRP in neurofibrils was higher than that in the control (P<0.05). However, in postmortem injury group, there were no significant changes in anti-CGRP immounreactivities in neurofibrils compared to the control group (P>0.05). Further, the expression of CGRP could be detected increasing in 1h, and reached maximum in 4 h, then returned to normal. Conclusion The expression of CGRP in rat's skin is time dependent after skin injury. It could used as a bio-marker to determine the time of injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of GC/MS/AMDIS in Forensic Analytical Toxicology LI WEN-HAI;SUN HONG-LEI;WU BO(TAIAN PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;TAIAN 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(3): 196-198.  Abstract ( 1986 )   Objective To study the method for the determination of forensic toxicology using automated mass spectral deconvolution & identification system (AMDIS). Methods AMDIS, full ion mode(FIM) and selected ion mode(SIM) were used to analyze forensic toxicoid, which were mixed in different concentrations(40.0, 4.0, 0.4 mg/L)of pesticides, designed drugs and soporifics. Results AMDIS could effectively remove the impurity interference on the identification of the targeted compounds and automatically search the targeted database with some overlapped chromatographic peaks recognized. Conclusion AMDIS is automated and rapid to analyze poisons by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 7-Aminonitrazepam in Urine by Pentafluoropropionyl Derivatization-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry ZHUO XIAO-CONG;XIE YU;CHU JIAN-XIN(.XIAOSHAN BRANCH OF HANGZHOU PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;HANGZHOU 00;CHINA;.THE PEOPLE'S PROCURATORATE OF ZHEJIANG PROVINCE;HANGZHOU 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(3): 199-200.  Abstract ( 2015 )   Objective This paper reported a new method for the analysis of 7-amnonitrazepam(7-ANIZ), the major metabolite of nitrazepam in urine by pentafluoropropionyl derivatization-GC/MS. Methods After urine sample were extracted with ethyl ether, the extracts were derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA), and then total ion current chromatograms(TIC) of the derivatives were acquired. Results The qualitative analysis of 7-ANIZ can be built by tR and m/z; The analysis of 7-ANIZ can be built by internal standard method. Conclusion The analytical method of qualitative and quantitative analysis of 7-ANIZ was sensitive and accurate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Polymorphism of 6 MiniSTR Loci Using Fluorescence-labeled Multiplex-PCR Techniques SHI MEI-SEN;BAI RU-FENG;YU XIAOJUN;LU JUN-YAO;CHEN SHU-TIAN(. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE;SHANTOU UNIVERSITY;SHANTOU 0;CHINA;. THE SECOND PEOPLE'S HOSPITAL OF SHANTOU;SHANTOU 0;CHINA) 2007, 0(3): 201-205.  Abstract ( 1889 )   Objective To evaluate the utility of 6 miniSTR loci (D1S1677, D2S441, D4S2364, D10S1248, D14S1434, and D22S1045) in highly degraded DNA samples, and to investigate the genetic polymorphism in Guangdong Han population. Methods The loci of 6 mini-STR in Han population of Guangdong were genotyped by primers labeled with four-color fluorescent (FAM, HEX, TAMRA and ROX) and two multiplex amplification reaction systems. Results Each locus was successfully genotyped with the product fragment less than 120 bp. Among the 216 individuals investigated, 7, 7, 5, 8, 8, and 7 alleles, and 14, 11, 11, 19, 12, and 14 genotypes were detected at D1S1677, D2S441, D4S2364, D10S1248, D14S1434, and D22S1045, respectively. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in these loci. The discrimination power were 0.863, 0.895, 0.792, 0.894, 0.814, 0.904 and the excluding probability of paternity were 0.392, 0.360, 0.353, 0.568, 0.378, 0.513, respectively. The utility of the 6 miniSTR loci assays was confirmed by a higher successful rate for typing 10 highly degraded DNA samples, which were only partially being typed using IdentifilerTM kit. Conclusion The 6 miniSTR loci show genetic polymorphisms in the Han population of Guangdong. Assays for forensic typing the 6 miniSTR loci appear useful in highly degraded DNA samples. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Histopathological Diagnostic Analysis of Sudden Cardiac Death in 178 Cases WANG LEI;CHEN XIAO;WANG YE;CHENG WEN-TING;LIAO ZHI-GANG (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY;WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA ) 2007, 0(3): 210-212.  Abstract ( 2234 )   Objective To investigate the pathological characteristics and differential diagnosis of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Methods The causes and ages of death, the predisposing factors, and the pathological changes of SCD were analyzed according to the anatomical and pathological materials of SCD in 178 cases in our college. Results The data showed that coronary artery disease, conduction system abnormality, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy are main causes of SCD. Coronary artery disease was the main cause of SCD in elderly; while conduction system abnormality, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy were main causes of SCD among young adults. The congenital heart disease, conduction system defects, and myocarditis were more common in children. Conclusion Etiology determines pathological characteristics. The pathological changes are what forensic medicine rely on to make a diagnosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Comparison of the Criteria for Forensic Assessment and Gradation of Trauma due to Stress-Related Disorders ZHANG XIAO-NING(COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE;CHINA UNIVERSITY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND LAW;BEIJING 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(3): 213-215.  Abstract ( 1762 )   How to assess and grade trauma of stress-related disorders is often problematic and is one of the most concerns in forensic practice due to the lack of standard criteria as well as the presence of diverse expert opinions with regard to minor trauma, mild trauma, and severe trauma and their grading. In addition, consensus on definitions of stress-related disorders have not been reached among forensic experts. In this article, the author compares, analyzes, and discusses the current opinions and disputes, and proposes his own view and suggestions for assessment and gradation of trauma due stress-related disorders. In forensic evaluation of trauma due to stress-related disorders, one must follow the standard criteria given in the Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorder III (CCMD-III) in combination with a specific disorder type as well as its severity, clinical course and prognosis to make an appropriate assessment and gradation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 100 Cases of Forensic Medical Document Examination YU HONG-WEI;WANG LI-XIN(.THE PEOPLE'S PROCURATORATE OF SHANGHAI;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;.THE PEOPLE'S PROCURATORATE OF LINPING;YUHANG 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(3): 216-218.  Abstract ( 1909 )   Examination of forensic medical document is one of the basic tasks performed by the technical department of the prosecutorial bureau. It is important that correct and appropriate forensic documents being used in court for a successful trial. By analyzing 100 cases of forensic medical documents, the author found certain general defects in evaluation of forensic medical documents. The possible causes of these defects were discussed and suggestions for improvement were also proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Intervertebral Disc Herniation and Its Forensic Assessment CUI YONG;LIU JI-HUI;TANG PENG;ZHANG XIN-AN;ZHANG XIN-YUAN(DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE;SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(3): 219-221.  Abstract ( 2109 )   The causes of intervertebral disc herniation are variable, including disc degeneration, trauma, genetic factor, obesity, and/or combination of multiple factors. Analysis of the age, occupation, injury mode, post-traumatic symptoms and signs, as well as the image findings of the injured party is necessary for forensic assessment and identification of trauma-related intervertebral disc herniation. Past medical history along with chart review and image study would be helpful to exclude pre-existing disc herniation Related Articles | Metrics