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28 October 2015, Volume 31 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Expression of SFRP5 mRNA in Rat Skeletal Muscle after Contusion LI SAN-QIANG, LIU YAN-JUN, ZHU XI-YAN, ET AL. 2015, 31(5): 337-340.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.05.001 Abstract ( 878 )   Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of secreted frizzled-related protein 5 （SFRP5） mRNA and the time interval after skeletal muscle injury in rats by real-time PCR. Methods A total of ninety SD rats were randomly divided into the contusion groups at different times including 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 16 h, 20 h, 24 h, 28 h, 32 h, 36 h, 40 h, 44 h, 48 h after contusion, incision groups at different times including 4h and 8h after incision and the control group. The samples were taken from the contused zone at different time points. The total RNA was isolated from the samples and reversely transcribed to analyze the expression levels of SFRP5 mRNA. Results Compared to the control group, the expression of SFRP5 mRNA in contusion groups were down-regulated within 48 h after contusion and reached the lowest level at 20 h, and the expression of SFRP5 mRNA gradually increased from 20 h to 48 h after contusion. The expression of SFRP5 mRNA in the incised groups were significantly lower than that of the contusion groups at 4 h after injury. At the time of 8 h, the expression levels between the contusion and incision groups showed no statistically significant difference. Conclusion It is suggested that SFRP5 mRNA analysis may show regular expression and can be a marker for estimation of skeletal muscle injury age. Related Articles | Metrics

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Serum IgE in Guinea Pigs Died of Anaphylactic Shock and Its Forensic Significance When the Guinea Pig Cannot be Timely Refrigerated SU JUN, YU JIAN, LIU YONG 2015, 31(5): 340-342.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.05.002 Abstract ( 803 )   Objective To investigate the serum IgE with various postmortem intervals （PMI） in guinea pigs due to sudden death from anaphylactic shock and to explore the effect of refrigeration of corpse on serum IgE level and its application value in forensic medicine. Methods The animal death models of anaphylactic shock were established. The corpses were preserved at room temperature （20 ℃） for 6 h and then refrigerated at 4 ℃. The serum was sampled at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after death. The IgE level of serum was detected with ELISA. The control group was also established. Results The serum IgE level had significant difference between the experimental group and the control group （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference among the experimental groups at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours postmortem （P>0.05）. Conclusion If the corpses were placed in 4 ℃ conditions 6 hours after anaphylactic death, the serum IgE still shows a good marker within 48 h for forensic investigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Karoshi Related to Labor Intensity and Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Case Report LIU NING-GUO, WANG , TAO , HUANG PING, ET AL. 2015, 31(5): 343-346.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.05.003 Abstract ( 802 )   Karoshi remains one of the most troublesome issues in forensic identification. It is rather a social medicine than a clinical disease. Japanese scholars pioneered examining the relation between sudden cardiac death （SCD） and chronic fatigue from long time and/or high-tension work. In the current case, a 55-year-old man, whose job was loading and carrying heavy cement bags, was found dead after 11 days of continuous hard work. His family members sued the cement factory for his death and claimed for compensation. The problem was the difficulty of identifying the causative relation without the precedent or the relevant regulations. However, the forensic problems were finally acknowledged after autopsy and calculation of labor intensity. The lawsuit was won as the first case pertaining to Karoshi in the Chinese court. Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution of Inflammatory Cells and Expression of PSGL-1 in Infant Brainstem Tissue Related Fatal Brainstem Encephalitis LIU YAN, ZHONG QIAO-E, WANG JING-ZHOU, DENG 2015, 31(5): 347-351.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.05.004 Abstract ( 839 )   Objective To explore the distribution of inflammatory cells and positive expression of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 （PSGL-1） in infant brainstem tissue from hand-foot-mouth disease related fatal brainstem encephalitis. Methods Twenty brainstem samples from infants suffered from brainstem encephalitis were collected as the experimental group. Ten brainstem samples from infants died of non-brain diseases and injuries were collected as the control group. The distribution of inflammatory cells and the expression of PSGL-1 in the two groups were examined by immunohistochemical method. The characteristics of the positive cells were observed. Results In brainstem tissue of the experimental group, there were sleeve infiltrations of inflammatory cells around the vessels and in the glial nodule. Microglia was the most and following was neutrophils around the vessels and in the glial nodule. There was a significant statistical difference among microglias, neutrophils and lymphocytes （P<0.05）. There was no sleeve infiltration in the control group. PSGL-1 protein was expressed widely in inflammatory cells in the experimental group, especially in the inflammatory cells around the vessels and in the glial nodule. But PSGL-1 positive staining could be observed significantly less in the control group comparing with the experimental group （P<0.05）. Conclusion Microglia is the main type of inflammatory cells involved in the progress of the fatal disease. Moreover, PSGL-1 could participate in the pathogenesis of hand-foot-mouth disease related fatal brainstem encephalitis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Ocular Trauma Score in Mechanical Ocular Injury in Forensic Medicine XIANG JIAN, GUO ZHAO-MING, WANG XU, ET AL. 2015, 31(5): 352-355.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.05.005 Abstract ( 941 )   Objective To evaluate the application value for the prognosis of mechanical ocular injury cases using ocular trauma score （OTS）. Methods Four hundred and eleven cases of mechanical ocular trauma were retrospectively reviewed. Of the 449 eyes, there were 317 closed globe injury and 132 open globe injury. OTS variables included numerical values as initial visual acuity, rupture, endophthalmitis, perforating or penetrating injury, retinal detachment and relative afferent pupillary block. The differences between the distribution of the final visual acuity and the probability of standard final visual acuity were compared to analyze the correlation between OTS category and final visual acuity. The different types of ocular trauma were compared. Results Compared with the distribution of final visual acuity in standard OTS score, the ratio in OTS-3 category was statistically different in present study, and no differences were found in other categories. Final visual acuity showed a great linear correlation with OTS category （r=0.71） and total score （r=0.73）. Compared with closed globe injury, open globe injury was generally associated with lower total score and poorer prognosis. Rupture injury had poorer prognosis compared with penetrating injury. Conclusion The use of OTS for the patients with ocular trauma can provide reliable information for the evaluation of prognosis in forensic medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment of Function of a Single Limb after Injury SUN HUI-YAN 2015, 31(5): 356-358.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.05.006 Abstract ( 889 )   Objective To explore the method for the objective evaluation of single limb function after injury in forensic medical practice. Methods The score of activities of daily living （ADL） were graded for a single limb function after injury from 47 cases. All cases were simultaneously evaluated using the different methods including Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment （FMA）, weighting, look-up table （LUT）. The correlation were compared between ADL and the other three methods. Results Injured part and the score using the three methods were correlated with ADL score （P<0.05）. The correlation coefficient （｜r｜ value） showed highest using LUT method, and lowest using FMA method. Conclusion The loss function of limb is affected by the injuried parts. The methods of FMA, weighting and LUT show a good accuracy for evaluating the limb function after injury and the correlation presents higher using LUT method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Palm Area as a Ratio of Body Surface Area in Chinese Adult Male Population LU XIAO, GAO DONG 2015, 31(5): 359-360.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.05.007 Abstract ( 1530 )   Objective To analyze palm ratio of body surface area （BSA） based on the body different surface area formula. Methods Forty-four Chinese adult males were selected in this study. The contour of left single palm was recorded and the palm area was calculated by cut-paper weighing method. The body surface was calculated by the height and weight based on 12 formulas of body surface area. Then, the palm ratio of BSA was calculated. Results The average palm ratio of BSA was （0.789±0.075）%. The data showed statistically significant difference compared with the traditional ratio （1%） （P<0.05）. Conclusion The ratio of BSA in Chinese adult male population showed  more accuracy compared with the traditional ratio in this present study. The forensic evaluation can be affected by using the different ratio of BSA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Analysis of 33 Cases of Fatal Pulmonary Thromboembolism SUN JIE, ZHANG JIAN-HUA, ZOU DONG-HUA, ET AL. 2015, 31(5): 361-365.  Abstract ( 865 )   Objective To explore the related risk facts of pulmonary thromboembolism （PTE） and analyze the relation between PTE and the trauma or medical behavior by investigating the cases of PTE. Methods Thirty-three cases were selected from Institute of Forensic Science （IFS） from 2000 to 2014. Results In 33 cases, 16 decedents were male, 17 decedents were female; different degrees of dyspnea, chest tightness and syncope symptoms were the clinical manifestation of the deceased; the thrombus was mainly distributed in the left and right pulmonary arteries. The main source of embolism was the deep vein of lower limb and the left probability was higher. Trauma, limited position, operation and cardiovascular disease showed high-risk factors of PTE; D-Dimer test, hemolytic test and computer tomography pulmonary angiography were the diagnostic tools for PTE. In some cases, trauma and medical malpractice could be involved in the cause of death. Conclusion Non-typical clinical symptoms present in the most cases caused by PTE, and these cases always show many high-risk factors. The relation between PTE and injury or medical behavior should be considered carefully in the forensic pathological practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 105 Incarcerated Inmate’s Death LI YU-TAO, SONG LI-JUAN, CAO AI-KUI, ET AL. 2015, 31(5): 366-368.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.05.009 Abstract ( 863 )   Objective To analyze the characteristics in the incarcerated inmate’s death, investigate the main cause of death of the incarcerated inmate and provide some information for forensic investigation. Methods The cases from the forensic medical center of Shanxi Medical University from 2005 to 2013 were selected. The statistical analysis was performed by using the incarcerated inmate’s gender, age, cause of death, manner of death, and disease as the markers. Results There were 100 men, 5 women in the 105 incarcerated inmates; the age range was from 16 to 65 years; Inmates were mostly died of natural diseases, mainly in the respiratory and cardiovascular diseases; the main unnatural death was suicide with a rate of 54.5％. Conclusion At present, most incarcerated inmate’s death are due to natural diseases. The prison should improve incarcerated inmate’s lives, work and health care conditions, and strengthen supervision of law enforcement. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Medical Assessment for Neurologic Erectile Dysfunction: 58 Case Reports ZHU GUANG-YOU, SHEN YAN, LIU HONG-GUO 2015, 31(5): 369-372.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.05.010 Abstract ( 771 )   To introduce the approaches and procedures of neurologic erectile dysfunction （ED） assessment in our institute, and evaluate the neurologic investigation by making an analysis of 58 cases. Diagnostic criteria of neurologic ED: nervous system injuries or diseases, abnormal clinical symptoms and signs, electrophysiological abnormalities of nervous system, abnormal results of nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity （NPTR） （penis rigidity <60% and lasting time <10 minutes）. In the group of 20 patients with the injuries of the brain, spinal cord or spinal root nerves, pudendal cortical somatic evoked potential （PCSEP）, sacral reflex latency （SRL）, pudendal-to-cortical motor evoked potential （PCMEP）, penile sympathetic skin responses （PSSR） and NPTR showed abnormality by 45%, 20%, 20%, 85% and 85%, respectively. In 38 patients with the injuries of pelvic fracture with urethra break, PCSEP, SRL, PCMEP, PSSR and NPTR showed abnormality by 24%, 5%, 20%, 92% and 66%, respectively. In the former, 35% were identified to have severe ED, and 50%, moderate ED; in the latter, 21%, to have severe ED, 13%, medium ED, and 37%, light ED. The approaches and procedures were proved to possess excellent specificity and reliability in the assessment of neurological ED. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of a Forensic Multiplex Amplification STR Kit for 15 Autosomal STR Loci and 10 Y-STR Loci DONG , YAN , LIN SHUANG-SHUANG, CAO YU, ET AL. 2015, 31(5): 373-376.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.05.011 Abstract ( 842 )   Objective To establish a multiplex STR genotyping method for autosomal STR and Y-STR loci in forensic biological practice. Methods Widely used autosomal STR loci and Y-STR loci were selected. A set of PCR primers was designed, and a 5-dye fluorescent labeled STR multiplex PCR reagent kit was developed. Results A kit was developed which can simultaneously detect 15 autosomal STR loci, 10 Y-STR loci, and an Amelogenin. Conclusion The 15 autosomal STR plus 10 Y-STR kit in combination with capillary electrophoresis method was used to STR genotyping with accurate and reliable results. The new one-step testing kit can potentially be widely used in forensic cases and DNA databank in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Stress Cardiomyopathy and Its Forensic Application ZHOU XIAO-WEI, WANG YUN-YUN, ANANDAS S, ET AL. 2015, 31(5): 377-380.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.05.012 Abstract ( 861 )   Stress cardiomyopathy is an atypical myocardial disease induced by emotional or physical stress, with the characteristic of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, transient imaging and electrocardiogram （ECG） changes. Sudden cardiac death can occur in severe cases. Clinical symptoms are likely to appear on acute myocardial infarction, but the exact pathological mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we perform a systematic review of the literature on the clinical manifestations, epidemiological characteristics, ECG, imaging and laboratory tests of stress cardiomyopathy, in order to provide the values for forensic pathology diagnosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Association between Genetic Correlation and Human Violent Behavior LI HUI, LI LEI, XU HONG-MEI, ET AL. 2015, 31(5): 381-386.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.05.013 Abstract ( 960 )   Human violent behavior is a complex behavior which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. There is a trend in investigating the mechanism of violent behavior by using the genetic methods. This article reviews several candidate genes and advances in epigenetics which are associated with violent behavior. The prospects and significance of violent behavior research from the view of gene polymorphism and epigenetics are also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics