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28 December 2015, Volume 31 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effects of HO-1 on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress of Rat Hepatocytes WANG YAN-SHA, JI YING-LEI, WANG TAO, ET AL. 2015, 31(6): 417-421.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.06.001 Abstract ( 771 )    Objective To investigate effects of antioxidant stress protein heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS） of rat hepatocytes. Methods The BRL cells （rat hepatocyte cell line） were cultured. The hepatocytes were treated with LPS, LPS+HO-1 siRNA, HO-1 siRNA and PBS solution, respectively. The cell viability was measured by trypan blue exclusion test. The apoptosis cells were detected by the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258. Expressions of GRP78, CHOP, caspase-12 and HO-1 were detected by Western blotting. Results LPS caused an increase of HO-1 protein expression of rat hepatocytes in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, a up-regulation of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12, a decrease in cell viability, and an increase in apoptosis rate of hepatocytes. Pretreatment of HO-1 siRNA inhibited the up-regulation of LPS-induced HO-1, however, aggravated ERS and cellular injury. Conclusion HO-1 inhibites ERS-mediated cellular injury of rat hepatocytes induced by LPS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathological Features of Myocardial Contraction Band Necrosis in Sudden Cardiac Death GE YAN-CHANG, HUANG LI-NA, MA KAI-JUN 2015, 31(6): 422-424.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.06.002 Abstract ( 1093 )    Objective To investigate the pathological features and significance of myocardial contraction band necrosis in sudden cardiac death. Methods Using HE and PTAH staining, the distribution sites and pathological features of myocardial contraction band necrosis were observed. The data were analyzed according to the extent of necrosis. Results The locations, pathological features and the extent of necrosis were similar in different sudden death cases. The locations were related with sites of myocardial damage. The papillary muscles of left ventricular were most occurred, followed by the anterior wall of left ventricular. In the sudden death cases caused by stress cardiomyopathy, the extent of myocardial contraction band necrosis was lighter than the others. Most cases were predominantly level 1, the others were level 2. Conclusion Used as the diagnosis basis of acute myocardial ischemia, the myocardial contraction band necrosis has important significance to determination of death. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic Posturography of Injured Lower Limb in Postural Evoked Response CHENG DONG-MEI, SHAO LI-MING, FAN LI-HUA, ET AL. 2015, 31(6): 425-427.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.06.003 Abstract ( 663 )   Objective To analyze the balance function of injured lower limb by dynamic posturography. Methods Using the dynamic posturography instrument, the postural evoked responses of sixty-two normal people and two hundred and fifty-eight people with injured lower limb bones and joints were detected. The test was included sensory organization test （SOT） and adaption test （ADT）. The results of two groups were compared by t test. Results Compared with the normal people, the impaired people had significant statistical differences in balance scores of SOT3-SOT6 and proportion score of dynamic proprioception （P<0.05）. There was no obvious decrease in ADT. Conclusion The balance function of injured lower limb significantly decreases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Species Identification Based on Morphological Variability of Femur XIN CAI-RUI, BAI SI, QIN ZHI-JIA, ET AL. 2015, 31(6): 428-431.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.06.004 Abstract ( 833 )   Objective To study the morphological characteristics of femurs of adult human and 11 kinds of adult animals from cattle, horses, pigs, goats, sheep, dogs, cats, rabbits, geese, ducks, chickens, and to establish an effective species identification method among various species. Methods The 4 cm mid-diaphyseal segment of the femur from adult human （older than 20 years old） at autopsy was obtained. Additionally, the 4 cm ones from 11 kinds of adult animals were obtained. After decalcification, all femurs were made into slices, and then were observed by optical microscope. The 25 indexes were selected and analyzed by step discriminant analysis according to differences between human and mammal, human and poultry, and human and 11 kinds of animals. Results The histological structure of bone mineral density of middle part of femur had obvious characteristics among the species. And the morphology and number of osteon showed the trend of obvious biological evolution. There were 11 indexes with significant differences between human and 11 kinds of animals to establish some mathematical models to discriminate all species. The correct discrimination rate was 96.3% between human and mammal. The correct discrimination rate was up to 100% between human and poultry, and was 89.4% among human, mammal and poultry. Conclusion The mathematical models have good correct discrimination rate among human and the other animals, which could be applied in the practical species identification cases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Ion Torrent PGMTM System in Detection of Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma LIU YA-NAN, ZHAO XUE-YING, PING YUAN, ET AL. 2015, 31(6): 432-435.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.06.005 Abstract ( 941 )   Objective To explore the feasibility of detecting of Y-STR of fetal DNA in maternal plasma using Ion Torrent PGMTM System. Methods A total of 16 fetal DNA samples from maternal plasmas （8 cases from 38 weeks gestational age and 8 ones from 12 weeks） were prepared and a multiplex assay with 7 STR loci （DYS390, DYS391, DYS393, DYS438, DYS437, DYS456, DYS635） was designed for multiplex-PCR amplification. Using Ion Torrent PGMTM System, the results of Y-STR sequences and capillary electrophoresis were obtained and compared. Results Y-STR specific alleles were detected in the maternal plasma of all the pregnant women having male babies of second and third trimester, which were higher than that detected by capillary electrophoresis. Consistent Y-STR genotypes were observed between fetal DNA from maternal plasma and genomic DNA from the newborn babies. Conclusion Based on Ion Torrent PGMTM System, the prenatal Y-STR detection method may provide a high-sensitive and high-throughput choice for prenatal STR detection in forensic testing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Genetic Analysis of One Sudden Unexplained Death in the Young by Whole Exome Sequencing WANG CHUN, WANG HUI, XU XIN-SHU, DENG 2015, 31(6): 436-440.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.06.006 Abstract ( 810 )   Objective To find the mutation of disease-causing genes of sudden unexplained death syndrome （SUDS） in the young by whole exome sequencing in one case. Methods One SUDS case was found no obvious fatal pathological changes after conventional autopsy and pathological examination. The whole exome sequencing was performed with the Ion Torrent PGMTM System with hg19 as reference sequence for sequencing data. The functions of mutations were analyzed by PhyloP, PolyPhen2 and SIFT. A three-step bioinformatics filtering procedure was carried out to identify possible significative single nucleotide variation （SNV）, which was missense mutation with allele frequency <1% of myocardial cell. Results Four rare suspicious pathogenic SNV were identified. Combined with the analysis of conventional autopsy and pathological examination, the mutation MYOM2 （8_2054058_G/A） was assessed as high-risk deleterious mutation by PolyPhen2 and SIFT, respectively. Conclusion Based on the second generation sequencing technology, analysis of whole exome sequencing can be a new method for the death cause investigation of SUDS. The gene MYOM2 is a new candidate SUDS pathogenic gene for mechanism research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Discussion on Calculating Likelihood Ratio of DNA Mixture LIU YING, REN HE, GAO LIN-LIN, ET AL. 2015, 31(6): 441-444.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.06.007 Abstract ( 925 )   Objective To analyze and discuss four methods of calculating likelihood ratio of DNA mixture. Methods In the case with CNAS-T0757 proficiency testing in 2013, the likelihood ratios were calculated and compared among four methods, including unrestricted combinatorial method, Clayton’s method, p2 principle method, and recommendations from ISFG. Results The likelihood ratios were maximum by Clayton’s method and recommendations from ISFG, followed by result of the unrestricted combinational method. The minimum likelihood ratio was obtained by p2 principle. Conclusion The unrestricted combinational method could give furthest consideration to both information preservation and appraiser protection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Triptolide and Wilforlide A in Biological Samples by LC-MS/MS DI JIN-XIAO, LIU WEI 2015, 31(6): 445-449.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.06.008 Abstract ( 830 )   Objective To determinate triptolide and wilforlide A in biological samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） method and to verify the method. Methods After 0.4 mL blood, urine or 0.4 g hepatic tissues with internal standard were extracted by ethyl acetate, they were separated on a Allure PFP Propyl （100 mm×2.1 mm, 5 ?滋m） with a mobile phase of methanol-20 mmol/L ammonium acetate using gradient elution. For mass spectrometric detection, electrospray ionization （ESI+） in positive mode was elected and the data was collected using multiple-reaction monitoring （MRM）. Results The linearity was good （r>0.995 0） and the limit of detection was 2 ng/mL or 2 ng/g for triptolide and wilforlide A. The recovery was 61.08%-102.98%. The intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 12.58% for each biological sample, and the accuracy was 90.61%-105.80%. Conclusion This method is simple, convenient and good selective, and could be applied to analysis of triptolide and wilforlide A in different biological samples. And the method may provide technical support for forensic medicine identification, clinical diagnosis and treatment of tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. poisoning. Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution of Formic Acid after Methanol Intoxication in Rats LIU DONG-MEI, ZHOU SHU, CHEN JIE-MIN, ET AL. 2015, 31(6): 450-453.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.06.009 Abstract ( 897 )   Objective To investigate concentration and distribution in blood and tissues of formic acid after methanol intoxication in rats. Methods The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups for control group and 3-day and 7-day intoxication treatment groups. The experimental groups were administered methanol by gavage with the initial dose of 8 mL/kg and followed with 4 mL/kg supplemental dose 24 h later. After 3 days and 7 days later, rats were killed by decapitation. Then samples of cardiac blood, liver, kidney, brain, heart and stomach of each group were collected. Formic acid concentrations were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. Results Formic acid concentrations in tissues were higher than in blood. Compared with 3-day intoxication group, there was an increase formic acid of concentration in brain and stomach in 7-day intoxication group, while a decrease in liver and kidney （P<0.05）. Conclusion High performance liquid chromatography could be used to accurately detect formic acid. As the metabolite of methanol, formic acid accumulates in rat blood and tissues after intoxication and the concentrations in organs and tissues are obviously higher than in blood. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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DNA Extraction of Cast-off Cells of Fingerprints from 502 Glue Fumigated Contact Samples WANG XIAN-WEN, LENG XUE-FENG, WANG SHOU-YU 2015, 31(6): 454-455.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.06.010 Abstract ( 927 )   Objective To establish a method of fingerprint position, sample transfer and fingerprint DNA extraction in contact samples. Methods Sixty-six cases were visualized by 502 glue fingerprint fumigation. Two methods, ordinary wipe and acetone wipe, were used to transfer cast-off cells of fingerprints from testing samples, respectively. DNA was extracted and purified by ultramicro magnetic bead kit. The data was resolved on genetic analysis after amplification. Results In 33 samples, 30 samples got better STR analysis by acetone wipe method. The peak range was 1 000-4 000 RFU and peak shapes were equable. It was hard to get ideal STR typing by ordinary wipe method. Conclusion The samples are visualized by 502 glue fingerprint fumigation and the case-off cells are transferred by acetone wipe method. The method shows better STR analysis result, which might be a better method for forensic science practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishing a 29 Y-STR Loci Multiplex PCR System WANG XIN-JIE, LUO LI-JING, HUANG LEI, ET AL. 2015, 31(6): 456-461.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.06.011 Abstract ( 816 )   Objective To establish a 29 Y-STR loci multiplex PCR system for investigating the genetic polymorphisms and to assess its application value in forensic science. Methods A multiplex PCR system was established using a five color fluorescence labeling 29 Y-STR loci （DYS456, DYS389Ⅰ, DYS437, DYS447, DYS389Ⅱ, DYS438, DYS522, DYS460, DYS458, DYS622, DYS390, DYS392, DYS448, DYS449, DYS391, Y-GATA-H4, DYS388, DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS527a/b, DYS393, DYS459a/b, DYS635, DYS439, DYS570 and DYS627） for multiple amplification and capillary electrophoresis. And its applicability was validated with genetic polymorphism data of 29 Y-STR of unrelated 2 000 male samples in Shandong Han population. Results A total of 1 981 different haplotypes of 2 000 individuals showed genotype diversity between 0.370 0 and 0.965 4. The system provided stable and accurate typing with high sensitivity of 0.05 ng. It satisfied the needs of variety of routine biological samples. Conclusion The 29 Y-STR loci multiplex PCR system could be applied for actual cases and establishment of Y-STR database. In addition, it has great significance in forensic science practices and related research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Diatom Test in Drowning Cases SUN CHENG-HUI, WANG BIAO, LI ZHENG-DONG, DENG 2015, 31(6): 462-465.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.06.012 Abstract ( 872 )   In drowning cases, it is difficult to judge whether the deceased died from drowning or throwing into the water after killed or identificate the cause of death of the decomposed corps in forensic practices. The diatom test is still considered as the important assistant evidence in drowning cases. This paper reviews research progress on technologies in recent years of forensic diatom test, and the application value of the new developing approach in the field of forensic medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Biomarkers of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood HUANG WEN, LI SHANG-XUN, LI XUE-JIAN, DENG 2015, 31(6): 466-469.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.06.013 Abstract ( 771 )   Mild traumatic brain injury （MTBI） is defined as a mild brain trauma resulting in a short loss of consciousness and alteration of mental status. It may also occasionally develop persistent and progressive symptoms. It has been confirmed that MTBI causes changes of anatomic structures in central nervous system and biomarkers in the body fluid. However, there is no sufficient research on relevance among threshold for the brain injury, individual vulnerability and duration of disturbance of consciousness. Furthermore, there are no reliable diagnostic methods to establish whether a blow to the head is sufficient to cause the brain injury. This review provides references for biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and blood associated with TBI. It also provides application status and potential prospects for further assessment and diagnosis of MTBI. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Individual Stature Estimation in Forensic Medicine WU RONG-QI, HUANG LI-NA, CHEN XIN 2015, 31(6): 470-473.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2015.06.014 Abstract ( 1231 )   Individual stature estimation is one of the most important contents of forensic anthropology. Currently, it has been used that the regression equations established by the data collected by direct measurement or radiological techniques in a certain group of limbs, irregular bones, and anatomic landmarks. Due to the impact of population mobility, human physical improvement, racial and geographic differences, estimation of individual stature should be a regular study. This paper reviews the different methods of stature estimation, briefly describes the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and prospects a new research direction. Related Articles | Metrics