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28 December 2016, Volume 32 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Genes Expression in the Early Stage of Acute Renal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats LIN JUN-YI, MAO XING, WU HUI-JUAN, ET AL. 2016, 32(6): 401-405.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.001 Abstract ( 714 )   Objective To study the differential genes expression in the early stage of acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and explore potential molecular mechanisms. Methods The ischemia-reperfusion model was made via clamping renal artery of rat. The microarray detection and bioinformatics analyzing of the genes expression were performed. Differentially expressed genes were screened and related cellular activities and signaling pathways were analyzed in early stage of acute kidney injury. Meanwhile, molecules closely relative to acute kidney injury were explored by establishing a biological network of the differentially expressed genes, and the results were verified by real-time PCR. Results A total of 151 genes showed differential expression in this study, including 132 up-regulated and 19 down-regulated genes. Cell proliferation, cytokines mediated signaling transduction and immune responses were greatly enriched by GO and KEGG analysis. The results of real-time PCR showed that compared with control groups, three selected genes （ANXA1, PHLDA1 and KLF6） which related to the acute kidney injury had an obvious differential expression in the early stage of disease. The multiple of increase was essentially the same as the multiple detected by microarray. Conclusion This study shows differential gene expression profile, related biological processes and signaling pathways involved in the early stage of acute kidney injury. ANXA1, PHLDA1 and KLF6 may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between the Expression of α-syn and Neuronal Apoptosis in Brain Cortex of Acute Alcoholism Rats LI FAN, ZHANG YUE, MA SHU-LING 2016, 32(6): 406-409.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.002 Abstract ( 731 )   Objective To observe the changes of expression of α-synuclein （α-syn） and neuronal apoptosis in brain cortex of acute alcoholism rats and to explore the mechanism of the damage caused by ethanol to the neurons. Methods The model of acute alcoholism rat was established by 50% alcohol gavage. The α-syn and caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemical staining and imaging analysis at 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 12 h after acute alcoholism. The number of positive cell and mean of optical density were detected and the trend change was analyzed. The variance analysis and t-test were also performed. Results The number of α-syn positive cell and average optical density in brain cortex of acute alcoholism rat increased significantly and peaked at 6 hour with a following slight decrease at 12 h, but still higher than the groups at 1 h and 3 h. Within 12 hours after poisoning, the number of caspase-3 positive cell and average optical density in brain cortex of rats gradually increased. Conclusion The abnormal aggregation of α-syn caused by brain edema and hypoxia may participate the early stage of neuronal apoptosis in brain cortex after acute alcoholism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of HbCO in the Blood of Rats with Different CO Concentration and Inhalation Time CHEN QING, BAI JIE, LI CHANG-RONG, ET AL. 2016, 32(6): 410-412.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.003 Abstract ( 724 )   Objective To explore the change rules of behavioral characteristics, survival time and saturation of carboxyhemoglobin （HbCO） in different CO concentration to provide experimental basis for the cases of CO poisoning death in forensic practice. Methods Total 160 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. CO with the concentration of 1 250 mg/m3, 3 750 mg/m3, 6 250 mg/m3 were continuously and respectively replenished in a self-made toxicant exposure equipment until rats died from poisoning. In different CO concentration, the behavioral characteristics and survival time of poisoning rats were observed and recorded. The saturation of HbCO in heart blood was detected by spectrophotometric method. Organs such as brain, heart, lung and liver, and heart blood were obtained via autopsy and histopathological observation was performed. Results The behavioral characteristics of CO poisoning rats were limp and slow response. There were a gradual decrease of survival time and an increase of HbCO saturation in rats with the increase of CO concentration. Three rats in CO concentration of 1 250 mg/m3 group showed lower saturations of HbCO than the lethal dose and this situation hasn’t been found in other groups. Conclusion The animal model of CO poisoning established under different CO concentration has the advantages such as simplicity and good repeatability, which lays a foundation to the further study for CO and other inhaled toxic gas in the research of forensic sciences. Related Articles | Metrics

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Diatoms Distribution in Ningbo Three-river Watershed during Summer CAI HAI-GUANG, YING JIE, NI ZHUO-HUI, DENG 2016, 32(6): 413-414.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.004 Abstract ( 627 )   Objective To explore the species, quantity and distribution of diatoms in Ningbo three-river watershed during summer and to provide scientific basis for forensic examination of drowning cases in the waters of Ningbo. Methods Water samples were collected in July and August of 2015. Fourteen water sampling points were selected from the Yao River, the Fenghua River and the Yong River. The morphological features of diatom species and dominant diatoms were distinguished by microscope. Results A total of 16 species of diatoms were detected in the Yao River, the Fenghua River and the Yong River. Melosira was the dominant species in the Yao River, and the quantity and richness were higher than in other rivers. The richness of Cyclotella in the Yong River was higher than in other rivers. The richness of Pinnularia and Licmophora were higher in the Fenghua River than in the Yao River and the Yong River. Conclusion The species and proportion of diatom is different in each river. Database of the species and relative composition for the diatoms in corresponding river is established, which may provide data support for forensic examination of drowning cases in Ningbo three-river watershed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of XPG Gene in Forensic Age Estimation DENG XIAO-DONG, ZHANG WEI, ZHANG BO, ET AL. 2016, 32(6): 415-419.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.005 Abstract ( 844 )   Objective To explore the expression of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group G （XPG） gene in healthy Han population of different ages and to analysis the relationship between the mRNA and protein expression levels of XPG and age, which may provide a new molecular-biological indicator for forensic age determination. Methods Total 150 samples of peripheral blood were collected from healthy Han population of different ages. Total RNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cell （PBMC） were extracted by TRIzol method, and the relative expression of XPG mRNA in PBMC was detected by quantitative real-time PCR, and the protein expression levels of XPG in plasma were detected by ELISA. Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of XPG in ≤18 years old group were significantly different from 19-45 years old group and ≥46 years old group （P<0.05）, while there was no significant difference between 19-45 years old group and ≥46 years old group （P>0.05）. No significant sex differences were observed in mRNA and protein expression levels of XPG （P>0.05）. Conclusion The relative expression level of XPG mRNA in PBMC declines with the increase of age in younger age, while the protein expression level in plasma increases with age, and XPG gene can be used as one of new markers for forensic age estimation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Application of 16 X-STR Loci in Henan Han Population LIU YA-JU, GUO LI-HONG, YUE JUN-TAO, ET AL. 2016, 32(6): 420-423.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.006 Abstract ( 707 )   Objective To investigate the genetic data of 16 X-STR loci in Henan Han population and to assess the application value in forensic science. Methods The DNA of 326 unrelated individuals in Henan Han population were amplified using GoldeneyeTM DNA identification system 17X kit, and the PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis through 3130xl genetic analyzer. The fragment sizes of alleles were analyzed subsequently by GeneMapper?誖ID-X. Allele frequencies and population genetics parameters of 16 X-STR loci were analyzed statistically and compared with the available data of other Han populations from different regions. Results Among the 16 X-STR loci, DXS6800 were found to be moderately polymorphic and the other 15 X-STR loci were highly polymorphic. The cumulative discrimination power in females and males were 0.999 999 999 999 992 and 0.999 999 996 577 712, respectively. The combined power of exclusion in trios and in duos were 0.999 999 971 and 0.999 992 574, respectively. Conclusion The 16 X-STR loci meet the application requires of forensic genetics, especially for testing the special paternity cases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of the Chinese Herbal Medicinal Ingredients in Huoxiang Zhengqi Liquid on Alcohol Metabolism in Rats ZENG SI-HUO, 欧JUN-XING , GU JUAN-HUA, ET AL. 2016, 32(6): 424-427.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.007 Abstract ( 765 )   Objective To study the changes of alcohol content and pharmacokinetic parameter in rats after taking Huoxiang Zhengqi liquid. Methods The rats were randomly divided into three groups and given with white alcohol at the dose of 3.0 mL/kg, low-dose and high-dose Chinese medicine liquor, respectively. The blood was collected before administration and 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h and 8 h after administration by cutting rats’ tails. The concentrations of alcohol in blood were detected by headspace-gas chromatography method. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0, and then analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Results The difference of maximum blood concentrations between high-dose Chinese medicine alcohol group and white alcohol group was statistically significant （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in other pharmacokinetic parameters among three groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion The Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients in the Huoxiang Zhengqi liquid has no effect on the metabolism and elimination of ethanol in rats. The research provides useful reference for the qualitative assessment and processing of traffic accident cases involved in Huoxiang Zhengqi liquid and the studies related to drug-interaction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Analysis of the Characteristics of Pelvic Fracture in 65 Road Traffic Accident Death Cases ZHANG WEI 2016, 32(6): 428-430.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.008 Abstract ( 667 )   Objective To analyze the characteristics and mechanisms of pelvic fractures in the cases of road traffic accident deaths. Methods Total 65 cases of road traffic accident deaths with pelvic fracture were collected, and the sites, characteristics and injury mechanisms of pelvic fracture were statistically analyzed. Results Among the 65 cases of pelvic fracture, 38 cases of dislocation of sacroiliac joint were found, and most combined with pubis symphysis separation or fracture of pubis. In the fractures of pubis, ischium and acetabulum, linear fractures were most common, while comminuted fractures were most common in sacrum and coccyx fractures. There were 54 cases combined with pelvic soft tissue injury, and 8 cases with pelvic organ injury and 44 cases with abdominal organ injury. In the types of pelvic ring injury, 32 cases were separation, 49.32%, followed by compression, 26.15% and only one case was verticality, 1.54%. Conclusion Detailed and comprehensive examination of the body and determination of the pelvic fracture type contribute to analyze the mechanisms of injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective Analysis of 17 Family Homicide Cases XU WEI-JIE, JI PING 2016, 32(6): 431-433.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.009 Abstract ( 755 )   Objective To summarize the characteristics of family homicide cases and to provide reference for the analysis and prevention of such cases. Methods Seventeen solved family homicide cases in Liyang from 2004 to 2014 were investigated. The original registration information, record of scene investigation, corpse inspection report and case situation were analyzed statistically. Results The characteristics of the 17 family homicides cases showed that most victims were female and most suspects were male, and spouse infidelity and suspected spouse infidelity have higher proportion in the motives for the killings. Murders by patients with psychosis, camouflage murders and murder-suicides occupied a certain proportion in the family homicide cases. Conclusion The family homicide cases are correlated with the family factors such as extramarital sexual intercourse and murder by patients with psychosis. Some suspects suicided after murder. The tools for committing crimes have the features of simplicity, randomness and easy source availability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Injury-disease Relationship between Spondylolysis and Trauma in 26 Forensic Identifications WANG LI-XIN, ZHU GUANG-LIE, QI LI-QUN, DENG 2016, 32(6): 434-437.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.010 Abstract ( 678 )   Objective To expound the injury-disease relationship between spondylolysis and trauma for the points of forensic identification. Methods Total 26 cases of spondylolysis were collected and the characteristics of this disease such as age, accompanied symptoms, treatment and injury manner were discussed. Results The causal relationship existed between trauma and injury consequence in 2 appraised individuals and both of them aged less than 50 years old. The injury manners of both were high-energy injury with combined injury and these 2 patients were treated by operation. Conclusion The analysis of injury-disease relationship between spondylolysis and trauma should be paid attention in the middle-young age under 50 years old. More importantly, the injury-disease relationship should be analyzed in the patients who chose operative treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Microdeletion and Mutation of Y Chromosome in Full Sibling Identification SU QIN, BU FAN, CHEN CHONG, ET AL. 2016, 32(6): 438-440.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.011 Abstract ( 945 )   Objective To explore the identification method of full sibling between two males with microdeletion and mutation of Y chromosome. Methods DNA were extracted from two samples. The type testing of Y-STR and autosomal STR were performed. Full sibling between two individuals was calculated by IBS, ITO and discriminant functions methods. Results There were 2 loci mutations existed in 33 Y-STR loci and one of the two samples had 19 loci deletions. The IBS of two samples was 53 and greater than the threshold which was 42; FSI was 1.36×1016 and far greater than 19. The discriminant function of full sibling-unrelated individual DFS2 was greater than DR2, which meant the two individuals tend to be full sibling. Conclusion The methods of IBS, ITO and discriminant functions of full sibling-unrelated individual can be used comprehensively to provide more reliable expert opinion in microdeletion and mutation of Y chromosome in full sibling identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of COⅠ Gene Mini-barcoding in Species Identification of Hair XIA XI, DING MEI 2016, 32(6): 441-443.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.012 Abstract ( 720 )   Objective To identify the species of mammalian hair using COⅠ gene mini-barcoding technology. Methods A pair of universal primers for mammalian COⅠ gene mini-barcoding were designed. The hair DNA samples of experimental animals from 11 species in 5 orders, mammalia was amplified by PCR technology with universal primers, and the PCR products were sequenced by bi-directional DNA and after the sequences splicing the results were deposited into the BOLD database to perform the homology comparison. Results The DNA of hair from all experiment animal species could be totally amplified by the mini-barcoding universal primers designed in this study. The length of amplified fragment was 147 bp. The result of homology comparison in the database showed that the closest matching species were consistent with the experiment animal species. In addition to the matching degree of Panthera leo （98.99%）, all homology matching degree of the other experiment animals were 100%, and the intraspecific genetic distance of Panthera leo was 1%. The interspecific genetic distance was ten times more than the intraspecific genetic distance which could be used for species identification. Conclusion The COⅠ gene mini-barcode technology is established and can provide fast and accurate species identification for hair of mammals. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Estimation of Early Postmortem Interval TAO LI, MA JIAN-LONG, CHEN LONG 2016, 32(6): 444-447.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.013 Abstract ( 855 )   Estimation of postmortem interval （PMI） is very important for judging the nature of cases, restricting the scope of investigation and suspect, which is always the emphasis and difficulty for forensic pathology. Early postmortem interval is the time between 0 and 24 hours after death. Due to the shorter time after the case occurred, precisely estimating early postmortem interval can help solve crimes, which has important significance in forensic medicine. In recent years, series of advanced methods and technologies are used to estimate the early PMI by the internal and overseas scholars who work in the forensic area. This paper reviews the research progress on fluids biochemistry, supravital reactions, metabolomics, imageology and the degradation rule of genetic material to provide a new idea to the study and application for estimation of early PMI. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Biomechanics of Craniocerebral Injury in Children WANG JIA-WEN, HUANG JIANG, LI ZHENG-DONG, ET AL. 2016, 32(6): 448-451.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.014 Abstract ( 632 )   In the researches of biomechanics for child craniocerebral injury, the research progress of performance parameter detection for brain, skull, cranial suture and dura mater, and the finite element model construction for child’s head were reviewed. Meanwhile, the shortcomings of the established finite element model construction of child's head were analyzed. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen the material properties parameter detection of child's head, and establish the relevant database, so as to lay the foundation for establishing an accurate finite element model of child’s head. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of the Death Caused by Insulin Intoxication CHEN , LI , LU YAN-XU 2016, 32(6): 452-454.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.015 Abstract ( 725 )   In recent years, with the sustained increase of the incidence of diabetes in humans and the wider use of exogenous insulin, the cases of inappropriate use and overdose of insulin is growing, even the cases of suicide and homicide using insulin. Through searching the literature at home and abroad about the mechanism, clinical and case report of poisoning and death caused by insulin intoxication, this paper reviews the mechanism, clinical manifestations, pathological changes, and forensic examination. Related Articles | Metrics