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28 August 2016, Volume 32 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins Distribution in the Rat Brains with DAI by MALDI-TOF-IMS REN GUAN-HENG, WENG RONG-HUA, SHI YAN, ET AL. 2016, 32(4): 241-244.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.04.001 Abstract ( 1088 )   Objective To establish the imaging mass spectrometry for analysis of differentially expressed proteins distribution in the rat brains with diffuse axonal injury （DAI） based on matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight imaging mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-IMS）. Methods MALDI-TOF-IMS scanning were conducted on the brains of DAI group and control group in the m/z range of 1 000 to 20 000 using AutoflexⅢ MALDI-TOF spectrometer. ClinProTool 2.2 software was used for statistical analysis on the data of two groups, and then the differentially expressed proteins were picked out to conduct imaging. The distribution of the proteins with different m/z in the rat brains was observed. Results Five proteins with different m/z, including 4 963, 5 634, 6 253, 6 714 and 7 532, differentially expressed in the rat brains with DAI. Conclusion MALDI-TOF-IMS can be used for studying the differentially expressed proteins in rat brains with DAI and the analysis method is established for exploring the distribution of differentially expressed proteins in the rat brains with DAI using imaging mass spectrometry. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between RNA Expression Level and Early PMI in Human Brain Tissue 吕YE-HUI , MA KAI-JUN, LI ZHI-HONG,ET AL. 2016, 32(4): 245-249.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.04.002 Abstract ( 999 )   Abstract： Objective To explore the correlation between the expression levels of several RNA markers in human brain tissue and early postmortem interval （PMI）. Methods Twelve individuals with known PMI （range from 4.3 to 22.5 h） were selected and total RNA was extracted from brain tissue. Eight commonly used RNA markers were chosen including β-actin, GAPDH, RPS29, 18S rRNA, 5S rRNA, U6 snRNA, miRNA-9 and miRNA-125b, and the expression levels were detected in brain tissue by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The internal reference markers with stable expression in early PMI were screened using geNorm software and the relationship between its expression level and some relevant factors such as age, gender and cause of death were analyzed. RNA markers normalized by internal reference were inserted into the mathematic model established by previous research for PMI estimation using R software. Model quality was judged by the error rate calculated with estimated PMI. Results 5S rRNA, miRNA-9 and miRNA-125b showed quite stable expression and their expression levels had no relation with age, gender and cause of death. The error rate of estimated PMI using β-actin was 24.6%, while GAPDH was 41.0%. Conclusion 5S rRNA, miRNA-9 and miRNA-125b are suitable as internal reference markers of human brain tissue owing to their stable expression in early PMI. The expression level of β-actin correlates well with PMI, which can be used as an additional index for early PMI estimation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study on Morphology of Human, Swine, Sheep and Cattle Muscle Tissues and Its Forensic Significance LOU XU-PENG, ZHANG WEI, ZHENG JIAN，ET AL. 2016, 32(4): 250-253.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.04.003 Abstract ( 760 )   Abstract： Objective To observe the morphological characteristic indexes of the muscle tissues from different species and to establish a discriminant equation of species identification and tried to establish a new method for species identification. Methods Three different parts of the muscle tissues, triceps brachii, biceps femoris and erector spinae from adult human corpses, triceps brachii, biceps femoris and longissimus dorsi muscle from swine, sheep and cattle reached the slaughter age, were extracted respectively （20 for each group） and deal the tissues into paraffin sections. Eleven observational indexes of the muscle tissues from adult human corpses, swine, sheep and cattle were detected. Statistical methods were used to analyze the data and a discriminant equation of species identification was established. Results Four observation indicators were screened for establishing the discriminant equation of species identification among human, swine, sheep and cattle. The accurate rate of this method for human muscle tissue identification was 90%, and for swine, sheep, and cattle muscle tissue were 80%, 100% and 80% respectively. Conclusion The morphological method provides a new method for the species identification of the muscle tissue among human, swine, sheep and cattle, and it can be used as a reference for the identification of animal species. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Vaginal Fluid Using Microbial Signatures ZOU KAI-南, HU MENG, HUANG JIANG-PING，ET AL. 2016, 32(4): 254-256.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.04.004 Abstract ( 988 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the specific microbial signatures in vaginal fluid. Methods Vaginal fluid （16 samples）, saliva （16 samples）, feces （16 samples）, semen （8 samples）, peripheral blood （8 samples）, urine （5 samples）, and nasal secretion （4 samples） were collected respectively. The 16S rRNA genes of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus iners, and Atopobium vaginae were amplified. PCR production was detected via a 3130xl Genetic Analyzer. Results The detected number of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus iners, and Atopobium vaginae were 15, 5, 8, 14, and 3 in all vaginal fluid samples, respectively. Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus jensenii existed specifically in vaginal fluid. Conclusion There is a potential application value to detect Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus jensenii for the identification of vaginal fluid. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Polymorphisms of SNP Located in the 5′ Region of VEGF Gene in Han Population in Guangdong HE WEN-ZHI, MA XIAO-YAN, XIAN JIA-JIA，ET AL. 2016, 32(4): 257-260.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.04.005 Abstract ( 818 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphism of SNP located in the 5′ region of the vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） gene in Han population in Guangdong and provide basic data for forensic application and population genetics research. Methods The genetic polymorphisms of 4 SNP loci （rs699947, rs1570360, rs833061, rs2010963） within 5′ region of VEGF gene of 184 unrelated individuals in Han population in Guangdong were analyzed by DNA micro sequencing technology SNaPshot. The statistical analysis was carried out by PowerMarker v3.25 software. Results The genotype distributions of the 4 SNP loci within 5′ region of VEGF gene of 184 unrelated individuals in Han population in Guangdong were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （P>0.05） and 3 kinds of genotypes were detected from each loci. There was high linkage disequilibrium between the rs833061 and rs699947 SNP loci. Six haplotypes were observed, while the frequency of C-G-T-C, C-G-T-G, A-A-C-G and A-G-C-G were more than 10%, which were the main haplotypes. The discrimination probabilities （DP） of rs699947, rs833061, and rs2010963 loci were between 0.583 and 0.634, with the power of exclusion （PE） between 0.133 and 0.144. The DP and PE of haplotypes of 4 SNP were 0.868 and 0.438, respectively. Conclusion There are great polymorphisms in the 5′ region of VEGF gene in Han population in Guangdong, which could be used as genetic indexes for individual identification and paternity testing, as well as association analysis of the related diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Simultaneous Determination of Three Kinds of Effective Constituents in Cannabis Plants by Reversed-phase HPLC FU QIANG, SHU ZHI, DENG KE，ET AL. 2016, 32(4): 261-263.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.04.006 Abstract ( 867 )   Abstract： Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromatographic （HPLC） method for simultaneous determination of three effective constituents, including tetrahydrocannabinol （THC）, cannabidiol （CBD） and cannabinol （CBN） in Cannabis plants. Methods A C18 column was used in this study, and acetonitrile-phosphate buffer （0.015 mol/L KH2PO4） was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. At a detection wavelength of 220 mm, UV absorption spectra were collected at the wavelength range of 190-400 nm, and the spectra and retention time were counted as qualitative evidence. Results THC, CBD and CBN could be well separated by this method. Three components had good linear relationship in the range of 0.4-40 μg/mL （R2≥0.999 3）. The recoveries were over 87%. The limits of detection were 1.8 ng, 2.0 ng and 1.3 ng, respectively. The relative standard deviation （RSD） were less than 5% for both inter-day and intra-day precisions. Conclusion Reversed-phase HPLC method is simple, rapid and accurate, and it is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative detection of THC, CBD and CBN in Cannabis plants. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Forensic Characteristics about 23 Family Homicide Cases XIE XIAO, DONG XIANG-DONG 2016, 32(4): 264-265.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.04.007 Abstract ( 840 )   Abstract： Objective To provide references for forensic analysis of family homicides cases by analyzing the situations of scene, injuries and individual which were related to the family homicide cases in a county. Methods The data of 23 family homicide cases from 2004 to 2013 were collected. The basic situation of individual involved, the relationship between dead and suspect, the cause of death, the motive, the location, time and tools of the crime and the behavior of the suspect after crime etc. were analyzed. Results The characteristics of the 23 family homicides cases showed that couple relationship was the most common relationship; passion killing was the most common motive; local materials were mostly used as the tools for committing crimes; most crimes were committed in residences; most time of crime was night. Conclusion The analysis of family homicide cases should be based on the scene investigation, the examination of the body and combined with the investigation of the situation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Analysis of 20 Dead Cases Related to Heroin Abuse HUANG WAN-QI, LI LI-HUA, LI ZHEN，ET AL. 2016, 32(4): 266-268.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.04.008 Abstract ( 870 )   Abstract： Objective To perform retrospective analysis on 20 dead cases related to heroin abuse, and to provide references for the forensic assessment of correlative cases. Methods Among 20 dead cases related to heroin abuse, general situation, using method of drug, cause of death and result of forensic examination were analyzed by statistical analysis for summarizing the cause of death and pathologic changes. Results The dead were mostly young adults, with more male than female. The results of histopathological examinations showed non-specific pathological changes. There were four leading causes of death, including acute poisoning of heroin abuse or leakage （13 cases, 65%）, concurrent diseases caused by heroin abuse （3 cases, 15%）, inspiratory asphyxia caused by taking heroin （2 cases, 10%）, and heroin withdrawal syndrome （2 cases, 10%）. Conclusion The forensic identification on dead related to heroin abuse must base on the comprehensive autopsy, and combine with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of heroin and its metabolites in death and the case information, as well as the scene investigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Polymorphisms of 24 Y-STR Loci in Nanjing Han Population SUN DA-PENG, MIN YA-LIN, LIAN CHANG-ZHOU，ET AL. 2016, 32(4): 269-272.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.04.009 Abstract ( 853 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphism of DYS391 and other 23 Y-STR loci and to explore its application value in forensic science. Methods Y-STRs loci of 580 unrelated Han males in Nanjing were amplified using AGCU Y-PLUS PCR （24） kit. The genetic parameters of 24 Y-STR loci such as gene frequency were calculated by software, and compared with the data of Hubei, Liao- ning, Guangdong, Beijing and Chengdu Han population. Results Total 580 haplotypes were detected among 24 Y-STR loci in 580 unrelated Han males in Nanjing. The genetic diversity （GD） of each locus was from 0.294 6 to 0.939 8, and the haplotypes diversity （HD） was 0.983 7. There was a significant difference between the GD of 6 areas. Conclusion The 24 Y-STR loci such as DYS391 in Nanjing Han population have an application value in forensic science. They can also be used for cases testing and pedigree investigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Postmortem Biochemistry in Forensic Diagnosis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis DING YANG, LU QIN, HU YIN 2016, 32(4): 273-276.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.04.010 Abstract ( 809 )   Abstract： Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication results from the high blood levels of glucose and ketone in diabetes mellitus patients that cause metabolic overbalance. An analysis of postmortem biochemical indexes is needed in such cases without specific signs of the routine forensic medicine examination. Postmortem biochemistry is a kind of examinations that collecting the body fluids of the corpses to determine the metabolic state of their life time to estimate the cause of death. This paper reviews the basic features and signs of the forensic medicine examination in the dead cases of diabetic ketoacidosis, and emphatically analyzes the postmortem biochemical indexes of diabetic ketoacidosis, and summarizes new ideas of forensic medicine diagnosis in diabetic ketoacidosis death. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on the Rule of Clavicle Epiphyseal Closure Using Multi-Imaging Technology FAN FEI, TU MENG, LUO YING-ZHEN，ET AL. 2016, 32(4): 277-281.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.04.011 Abstract ( 818 )   Abstract： People aged 18 years could be punished lightly or diminished criminal responsibility, even be spared the death sentence, which has important meaning in Chinese judicatory adjudication. The epiphysis of long bones from human limbs and the secondary sexual characteristics almost have developed completely before 18 years old. Clavicle epiphysis is one of the articular metaphysis which has a late epiphyseal closure. The recent studies in exploring the rule of clavicle epiphyseal by multi-imaging technology shows that the development of clavicle epiphysis has some value in age estimation of 18 years old. CT, especially thin-section CT, is widely used at present. However, thin-section CT scanning has great net radiation, which is not ethically acceptable if it is not for diagnosis and treatment. MRI is nonradioactive tomographic imaging and easy to evaluate, which is one of the future research directions in forensic age estimation using the medial clavicle. This paper summarizes the progress on the rule of clavicle epiphyseal closure, and analyzes and summarizes the feasibility of rule of clavicle epiphyseal closure applies on age estimation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Second Generation Sequencing and Its Application in Forensic Genetics ZHANG SU-HUA, BIAN YING-NAN, ZHAO QI，ET AL. 2016, 32(4): 282-289.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.04.012 Abstract ( 1240 )   Abstract： The rapid development of second generation sequencing （SGS） within the past few years has led to the increasement of data throughput and read length while at the same time brought down substantially the sequencing cost. This made new breakthrough in the area of biology and ushered the forensic genetics into a new era. Based on the history of sequencing application in forensic genetics, this paper reviews the importance of sequencing technologies for genetic marker detection. The application status and potential of SGS in forensic genetics are discussed based on the already explored SGS platforms of Roche, Illumina and Life Technologies. With these platforms, DNA markers （SNP, STR）, RNA markers （mRNA, microRNA） and whole mtDNA can be sequenced. However, development and validation of application kits, maturation of analysis software, connection to the existing databases and the possible ethical issues occurred with big data will be the key factors that determine whether this technology can substitute or supplement PCR-CE, the mature technology, and be widely used for cases detection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Abused Drugs Metabolic in vivo DING BI-FEN, SHAO LEI, ZHANG RUN-SHENG，ET AL. 2016, 32(4): 290-295.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.04.013 Abstract ( 833 )   Abstract： Under the catalysis of a variety of metabolic enzymes in vivo, such as UDP-glucuronyl transferases, cytochrome P450, carboxylesterase, sulfotransferase, butyrylcholinesterase, catechol-O-methyl transferase and 6-morphine dehydrogenase, the drugs perform glucuronidation, hydrolysis, oxidation, sulfonation and other reactions, then translate into active or inactive metabolites, which are excreted through urination, bile or the other pathways at last. Different drugs own their different metabolic pathways. This paper introduces the studies about the metabolism of drugs in human and animal in recent years, such as morphine-like drugs, amphetamine, ketamine, cannabis and cocaine, and reviews the research progress about the sites of metabolism, metabolic enzymes, metabolites and physiological activity of those drugs metabolic in vivo. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Origin and Development of Medical Jurisprudence in Xiangya YAN JIE, LONG LING-LING, REN LI-PIN，ET AL. 2016, 32(4): 296-298.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.04.014 Abstract ( 577 )   Abstract: The origin of medical jurisprudence in China can be traced back to as early as 1920s, and since then, the discipline has undergone a great development. This paper, based on the disciplinary development of medical jurisprudence at Xiangya School of Medicine, illustrates its evolution in three aspects covering the scientific and theoretic foundation, legal system and policy support. The current investigation reflected a glimpse of the modern forensic science in China, providing useful historical reference for the development of Chinese forensic science. Related Articles | Metrics