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28 June 2016, Volume 32 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Expressions of Mast Cell Tryptase and Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Myocardium of Sudden Death due to Hypersensitivity and Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease SHI JIE-RU, TIAN CHENG-JUN, ZENG QIANG, ET AL. 2016, 32(3): 161-164.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.03.001 Abstract ( 804 )   Objective To explore the value of mast cell tryptase and brain natriuretic peptide（BNP） in the differential diagnostic of sudden death due to hypersensitivity and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Methods Totally 30 myocardial samples were collected from the autopsy cases in the Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanxi Medical University during 2010—2015. All samples were divided into three groups： death of craniocerebral injury group, sudden death of hypersensitivity group and sudden death of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group, 10 cases in each group. Mast cell tryptase and BNP in myocardium were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western Blotting. Results Immunofluorescence staining showed that the positive staining mast cell tryptase appeared in myocardium of sudden death of hypersensitivity group and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group. Among the three groups, the expression of mast cell tryptase showed significantly differences through pairwise comparison （P<0.05）; The expression level of BNP in sudden death of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group were significantly higher than the sudden death of hypersensitivity group and death of craniocerebral injury group （P<0.05）. The difference of the expression level of BNP between the sudden death of hypersensitivity group and the death of craniocerebral injury group had no statistical significance （P>0.05）. Conclusion The combined detection of the mast cell tryptase and BNP in myocardium is expected to provide help for the forensic differential diagnosis of sudden death due to hypersensitivity and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between RNA Degradation Patterns of Rat’s Brain and Early PMI at Different Temperatures 吕YE-HUI , LI ZHI-HONG, TUO YA, ET AL. 2016, 32(3): 165-170.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.03.002 Abstract ( 1005 )   Objective To explore the correlation between early postmortem interval （PMI） and eight RNA markers of rat’s brain at different temperatures. Methods Total 222 SD rats were randomly divided into control group （PMI=0 h） and four experimental groups. And the rats in the experimental groups were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and respectively kept at 5 ℃, 15 ℃, 25 ℃ and 35 ℃ in a controlled environment chamber. The RNA was extracted from brain tissues, which was taken at 9 time points from 1 h to 24 h postmortem. The expression levels of eight markers, β-actin, GAPDH, RPS29, 18S rRNA, 5S rRNA, U6 snRNA, miRNA-9 and miRNA-125b, were detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, respectively. Proper internal reference was selected by geNorm software. Regression analysis of normalized RNA markers was performed by SPSS software. Mathematical model for PMI estimation was established using R software. Another 6 SD rats with known PMI were used to verify the mathematical model. Results 5S rRNA, miR-9 and miR-125b were suitable as internal reference markers for their stable expression. Both β-actin and GAPDH had well time-dependent degradation patterns and degraded continually with prolongation of PMI in 24 h postmortem. The mathematical model of the variation of ΔCt values with PMI and temperature was set up by R software and the model could be used for PMI estimation. The average error rates of model validation using β-actin and GAPDH were 14.1% and 22.2%, respectively. Conclusion The expression levels of β-actin and GAPDH are well correlated with PMI and environmental temperature. The mathematical model established in present study can provide references for estimating early PMI under various temperature conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection of Metabolism Function of Microbial Community of Corpses by Biolog-Eco Method JIANG XIN-YU, WANG JIANG-FENG, ZHU GUANG-HUI, ET AL. 2016, 32(3): 171-175.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.03.003 Abstract ( 937 )   Objective To detect the changes of microbial community functional diversity of corpses with different postmortem interval （PMI） and to evaluate forensic application value for estimating PMI. Methods The cultivation of microbial community from the anal swabs of a Sus scrofa and a human corpse placed in field environment from 0 to 240 h after death was performed using the Biolog-Eco Microplate and the variations of the absorbance values were also monitored. Combined with the technology of forensic pathology and flies succession, the metabolic characteristics and changes of microbial community on the decomposed corpse under natural environment were also observed. Results The diversity of microbial metabolism function was found to be negatively correlated with the number of maggots in the corpses. The freezing processing had the greatest impact on average well color development value at 0 h and the impact almost disappeared after 48 h. The diversity of microbial metabolism of the samples became relatively unstable after 192 h. The principal component analysis showed that 31 carbon sources could be consolidated for 5 principal components （accumulative contribution ratio >90%）. The carbon source tsquare-analysis showed that N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and L-serine were the dominant carbon sources for estimating the PMI （0=240 h） of the Sus scrofa and human corpse. Conclusion The Biolog-Eco method can be used to reveal the metabolic differences of the carbon resources utilization of the microbial community on the corpses during 0-240 h after death, which could provide a new basis for estimating the PMI. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Auditory Long Latency Response in Normal Hearing Subjects LIU HUI, ZHENG JIAN, YANG XIAO-PING, ET AL. 2016, 32(3): 176-179.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.03.004 Abstract ( 1064 )   Objective To explore the characters and the relationship among latency response, amplitude and sound stimulus intensity of auditory long latency response（ALR）, and to investigate the significance of ALR applied in auditory threshold prediction. Methods Total 46 subjects （92 ears） with normal hearing were tested by ALR. The ALR waves of the subjects were elicited by 5 sound stimulus intensity according to the order of 70, 50, 30, 20 and 10 dB nHL. By making N1 wave and P2 wave, the values of 3 observed indexes （the latencies of N1 wave and P2 wave and N1-P2 amplitude） were obtained, and the variation trend of the observed indexes were statistically analyzed. The differences in the frequency of the indexes were observed. Results The rate of ALR waves from 46 subjects （92 ears） with normal hearing was 100%. The latencies of N1 wave and P2 wave delayed gradually and N1-P2 amplitude declined with sound stimulus intensity descending. Conclusion In suitable conditions, ALR is a stable technology for hearing thresholds prediction. The relation between sound stimulus intensity and latency of N1 wave, latency of P2 wave and N1-P2 amplitude of ALR plays an important part in auditory thresholds assessment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of a Fluorescence Multiplex Amplification System with 24 Y-STR Loci LIU HONG, LI YUE, LIU CHANG-HUI, ET AL. 2016, 32(3): 180-183.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.03.005 Abstract ( 1213 )   Objective To establish a novel multiplex amplification system which comprises 24 Y-STR loci. Methods Total 24 Y-STR gene loci, concluding DYS531, DYS630, DYS622, DYS552, DYS510, DYS449, DYS459a/b, DYS446, DYS443, DYS635, DYS587, DYS527a/b, DYS460, Y-GATA-A10, DYS520, DYS557, DYS522, DYS481, DYS570, DYS385a/b, DYS444, were chosen for establishing the fluorescence multiplex amplification system. The specificity, identity, sensitivity, balance of the amplification, anti-interference and accuracy of the system were detected and the gene diversity was investigated in the population of Guangdong. Results No band was found in nonhuman and female samples that were tested by the established multiplex amplification system. The same genotyping results were obtained from different tissues of the same person. Complete profiles could be obtained from more than 0.1 ng of the standard sample 9948. The loss of alleles was found when the common inhibitors such as hemoglobin and calcium ion were added 120-200 μmol/L and 1.5-2.0 mmol/L respectively to the system which with a strong anti-interference to the indigo, humic acid and EDTA. The typing of 24 Y-STR system could give the reliable results when 146 unrelated male individuals were detected and compared with the Yfiler system parallelly. The haplotype diversity （HD） of the population in Guangdong reached 0.999 72 that was better than the result retained from Yfiler system, which the HD was 0.998 58. Conclusion The fluorescence amplification system with 24 Y-STR loci established in present study has a wildly application prospect and can be used for cases inspection, paternity tests and Y-STR database construction. Related Articles | Metrics

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SNP in Differentially Methylated Region Upstream of H19 Gene in Guangdong Han Population MA XIAO-YAN, HE WEN-ZHI, YUAN TIAN-LI, ET AL. 2016, 32(3): 184-188.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.03.006 Abstract ( 935 )   Objective To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） and haplotypes in differentially methylated region （DMR） upstream of H19 gene in Guangdong Han population. Methods The PIA typing and restriction enzyme McrBC and HpaⅡ were used to digest the genomic DNA and obtain the individual uniparental DNA template strand. The data of uniparental SNP alleles, genotypes and haplotypes in DMR upstream of H19 gene were obtained by sequencing. Results A total of 13 SNPs （rs10840167, rs2525883, rs12417375, rs4930101, rs2525882, rs2735970, rs2735971, rs11042170, rs2735972, rs10732516, rs2071094, rs2107425, and rs4930098） and one mutation locus （g7351c） were found. All loci followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （P>0.05） by statistical analysis. Except for rs12417375 （DP=0.279） locus, the DP of remaining 12 SNPs were 0.446-0.614, and the g7351c mutation locus （DP=0.013） was the particular loci of the Southern Chinese Han population. Eight haplotypes （designated as haplotype 1-8） were detected, in which 3 haplotypes had not yet been reported and the DP, PIC, PE and H were 0.891, 0.714, 0.524 and 0.758, respectively. Conclusion Obtained by PIA typing, the SNP in DMR upstream of H19 gene and its haplotypes genetic marker system have a high determination power and show a good practical value in forensic identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Population Difference Analysis of Allele Frequencies of 24 Y-STR Loci ZHU RU-XIN, LIU JUN-HONG, ZHAO QI, ET AL. 2016, 32(3): 189-192.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.03.007 Abstract ( 975 )   Objective To investigate the population genetic polymorphisms of 24 Y-STR loci in unrelated individuals in Eastern Chinese Han population, and to compare the difference of Han group between Eastern China and Guangdong. Methods The population genetics of 24 Y-STR loci in 268 unrelated Han individuals from Eastern China were analyzed by GFS 24 Y-STR amplification kit. The allele frequencies in Eastern Chinese Han population were compared with the data in Guangdong Han population, and the difference analysis between two groups was performed. Results Among the 24 Y-STR loci of 268 unrelated Han individuals from Eastern China, 235 alleles and 267 haplotypes were observed. GD value ranged from 0.564 9 to 0.966 8. The difference between 12 loci （DYS622, DYS552, DYS443 et al.） of Han population in Eastern China and in Guangdong was statistically significance. Conclusion GFS 24Y STR amplification system shows favorable polymorphisms, which can be used in patrilineal genetic relationship identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Recognition of Y Fragment Deletion by Genotyping Graphs after Amplified by PowerPlex?誖21 Detection Kit WANG SAN-CUN, DING MEI-MAN, WEI XIAO-LIN, ET AL. 2016, 32(3): 193-195.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.03.008 Abstract ( 812 )    Objective To recognize the possibility of Y fragment deletion of Amelogenin gene intuitively and simply according to the genotyping graphs. Methods By calculating the ratio of total peak height of genotyping graphs, the statistics of equilibrium distribution between Amelogenin and D3S1358 loci, Amelogenin X-gene and Amelogenin Y-gene, and different alleles of D3S1358 loci from 1 968 individuals was analyzed after amplified by PowerPlex?誖21 detection kit. Results Sum of peak height of Amelogenin X allele was not less than 60% that of D3S1358 loci alleles in 90.8% female samples, and sum of peak height of Amelogenin X allele was not higher than 70% that of D3S1358 loci alleles in 94.9% male samples. Conclusion The result of genotyping after amplified by PowerPlex?誖21 detection kit shows that the possibility of Y fragment deletion should be considered when only Amelogenin X-gene of Amelogenin is detected and the peak height of Amelogenin X-gene is not higher than 70% of the total peak height of D3S1358 loci. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Finite Element Method in Traffic Injury and Its Prospect in Forensic Science LIU CHENG-GANG, LU YU-JUN, GAO JING, ET AL. 2016, 32(3): 196-199.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.03.009 Abstract ( 870 )   The finite element method （FEM） is a numerical computation method based on computer technology, and has been gradually applied in the fields of medicine and biomechanics. The finite element analysis can be used to explore the loading process and injury mechanism of human body in traffic injury. FEM is also helpful for the forensic investigation in traffic injury. This paper reviews the development of the finite element models and analysis of brain, cervical spine, chest and abdomen, pelvis, limbs at home and aboard in traffic injury in recent years. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Post Traumatic Epilepsy and Its Forensic Evaluation ZHANG YUN-GE, LI CHUN-XIAO, GUAN GUO-FU, ET AL. 2016, 32(3): 200-203.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.03.010 Abstract ( 917 )   Post traumatic epilepsy （PTE） refers to the epileptic seizures after traumatic brain injury. Organic damage can be found by imaging examination, and abnormal electroencephalogram can be detected via electroencephalogram examination which has the similar location of the brain injury. PTE has the characteristics of low incidence, absence of case reports, and easy to exaggerate the state of illness, which add difficulties to the forensic identification. This paper reviews the status of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical treatment and forensic identification for PTE. Related Articles | Metrics

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Source Identification of Human Biological Materials and Its Prospect in Forensic Science ZOU KAI-南, GUI CHENG, CAO YU, ET AL. 2016, 32(3): 204-210.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.03.011 Abstract ( 866 )   Source identification of human biological materials in crime scene plays an important role in reconstructing the crime process. Searching specific genetic markers to identify the source of different human biological materials is the emphasis and difficulty of the research work of legal medical experts in recent years. This paper reviews the genetic markers which are used for identifying the source of human biological materials and studied widely, such as DNA methylation, mRNA, microRNA, microflora and protein, etc. By comparing the principles and methods of source identification of human biological materials using different kinds of genetic markers, different source of human biological material owns suitable marker types and can be identified by detecting single genetic marker or combined multiple genetic markers. Though there is no uniform standard and method for identifying the source of human biological materials in forensic laboratories at present, the research and development of a series of mature and reliable methods for distinguishing different human biological materials play the role as forensic evidence which will be the future development direction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Polymorphism of 24 Y-STR Loci in Dongxiang Ethnic Minority Male Residents in Gansu Province of China LUO JI-HUAI, SUN HONG-BING, YANG XIN, ET AL. 2016, 32(3): 219-221.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.03.015 Abstract ( 926 )   Objective To determine the genetic polymorphism of 24 Y-STR loci haplotype and investigate its application value in legal physical evidence. Methods AGCU Y24 kit and 3130xl Genetic Analyzer were used to detect the distribution of 24 Y-STR loci including DYS391, DYS389Ⅰ, DYS439, DYS389Ⅱ, DYS438, DYS643, DYS456, DYS458, DYS437, DYS635, DYS448, DYS527a/b, Y-GATA-H4, DYS447, DYS19, DYS392, DYS522, DYS393, DYS388, DYS390, DYS385a/b and DYS444 in 154 unrelated individuals of Dongxiang ethnic minority males in Gansu province of China. Results A total number of 153 haplotypes were detected in 154 samples, the haplotype diversity was 0.991 5 and the discrimination power was 0.994 0. Conclusion The 24 Y-STR loci system has high haplotype diversity and discrimination power.   Related Articles | Metrics