法医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 121-129.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.540305

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

男性个体Amelogenin基因座异常分型的分析

刘振平1(), 叶之骅2, 童继军1, 宋佳辉3, 吴微微4, 郝宏蕾4, 傅燕芳4, 翟仙敦3()   

  1. 1.金华市公安司法鉴定中心,浙江 金华 321000
    2.浦江县公安司法鉴定中心,浙江 浦江 322000
    3.河南科技大学基础医学与法医学院,河南 洛阳 471023
    4.浙江省公安司法鉴定中心 浙江省刑事科学技术应用研究重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310009
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-24 发布日期:2026-07-08 出版日期:2026-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 翟仙敦
  • 作者简介:刘振平(1977—),男,警务技术正高级任职资格,主要从事法医物证检案鉴定;E-mail:wzl9616@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省高等学校重点科研项目(24A310002);浙江省公安厅刑侦科技创新项目(浙公网传[2025] 199号)

Analysis of Abnormal Genotyping at Amelogenin Locus in Male Individuals

Zhenping LIU1(), Zhihua YE2, Jijun TONG1, Jiahui SONG3, Weiwei WU4, Honglei HAO4, Yanfang FU4, Xiandun ZHAI3()   

  1. 1.Forensic Identification Center of Jinhua Public Security Bureau, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
    2.Forensic Identification Center of Pujiang Public Security Bureau, Pujiang 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
    3.College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan Province, China
    4.Institute of Forensic Science, Zhejiang Provincial Public Security Department, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310009, China
  • Received:2024-03-24 Online:2026-07-08 Published:2026-04-25
  • Contact: Xiandun ZHAI

摘要:

目的 探讨男性样本Amelogenin基因座的异常分型及原因。 方法 用STRtyper-21G试剂盒对 23 647例男性无关个体血样进行检验,筛选出Amelogenin基因座分型异常的样本共38例。用GlobalFilerTM、PowerPlex® 21试剂盒复核并对结果分类;对分型异常样本,补充性染色体STR分型和Sanger测序;对疑似Amel-Y微缺失样本,进行序列标签位点检测。 结果 上述38例样本,除Amelogenin基因座外,其他性染色体STR分型结果均正常。Amelogenin基因座分型异常样本检出率为0.161%(38/23 647)。38例分型异常样本可分为3大类,其中,Amel-X缺失30例:5例在第372位发生了C→T突变,2例在第293位发生了G→A突变,23例在第304位发生了A→G突变;Amel-Y缺失2例:1例在第387位发生了TTAA的插入突变,1例包含Amel-Y的短臂微缺失;Amel-X/Y峰高比异常6例:STRtyper-21G试剂盒表现分别为Amel-X峰偏低、Amel-Y峰缺失,Amel-X峰正常、Amel-Y峰缺失,Amel-X峰正常、Amel-Y峰偏低,而GlobalFilerTM、PowerPlex® 21复核结果均表现为Amel-X峰正常、Amel-Y峰偏低,且GlobalFilerTM分型中Amel-Y峰高与Y-InDel、DYS391峰高相当,测序未发现异常。 结论 Amelogenin基因座分型异常在人群中占有一定比例,多与突变有关,可分为Amel-X缺失、Amel-Y缺失、Amel-X/Y峰高比异常。对于Amel-X峰正常、Amel-Y峰偏低分型,应考虑样本存在Y染色体嵌合缺失(mosaic loss of chromosome Y,mLOY)的可能(多见于老年男性个体),应引起重视。

关键词: 法医遗传学, 基因突变, Amelogenin基因座, Amel-X缺失, Amel-Y缺失, Amel-X/Y峰高比异常

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the abnormal genotyping and its causes at the Amelogenin locus in male samples. Methods A total of 23 647 blood samples from unrelated male individuals were analyzed using the STRtyper-21G kit, and 38 samples with abnormal Amelogenin locus were identified. These samples were retested and classified using GlobalFilerTM and PowerPlex® 21 kits. Additional sex chromosome STR genotyping and Sanger sequencing were performed for samples with abnormal genotypes. Sequence-tagged site (STS) testing was conducted for samples suspected of Amel-Y microdeletions. Results Among above 38 samples, except for Amelogenin locus, all samples showed normal male sex chromosome STR typing. The detection rate of abnormal genotyping was 0.161% (38/23 647), which were categorized into three major types. Among them, 30 cases had Amel-X deletion: 5 cases had C→T mutation at position 372; 2 cases had G→A mutation at position 293; 23 cases had A→G mutation at position 304. There were 2 cases of Amel-Y deletion: 1 case of insertion mutation of TTAA at position 387, and 1 case of microdeletion of the short arm containing Amel-Y. Six cases of abnormal Amel-X/Y peak ratios were identified: using the STRtyper-21G kit, the abnormalities appeared as low Amel-X with absent Amel-Y, normal Amel-X with absent Amel-Y, normal Amel-X with low Amel-Y, respectively. However, retesting with GlobalFilerTM and PowerPlex® 21 kits consistently showed normal Amel-X with low Amel-Y. The GlobalFilerTM profiling showed that the peak heights of Amel-Y were comparable to those of the Y-InDel and DYS391 markers, and no abnormalities were detected by sequencing. Conclusion Amelogenin genotyping abnormalities occur at a measurable frequency in the population and are mainly associated with mutations, which can be categorized as Amel-X deletion, Amel-Y deletion, and Amel-X/Y peak ratio abnormality. Regarding normal Amel-X peaks with lower Amel-Y peaks, the possibility of mosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY) in samples, which is commonly observed in elderly males, should be considered and given attention.

Key words: forensic genetics, gene mutation, Amelogenin locus, Amel-X deletion, Amel-Y deletion, abnormal ratio of Amel-X/Y peak

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